Suchergebnisse

El artículo propone estrategias metodológicas para el desarrollo de investigaciones en el ámbito de la arquitectura, enfocadas principalmente en el uso de herramientas gráficas, como mapas conceptuales, tableros colaborativos, líneas de tiempo y fichas de análisis

The importance of Ecuadorian students attaining a functional use level in the English Language has recently become a primary objective for the Ecuadorian government. However, many students have difficulty with using English to convey an idea, thought or opinion. This situation has led to the development of this study, which consists in applying role-plays to develop conversational skills in the 9th and 10th grades of basic education in a rural school. For this study, the 9th and 10th grades were unified due to the small number of students in both grades. In total, twelve students participated as subjects for this research. Speaking and listening pre-test and post-test, role-play rubrics, videos, and follow-up activities were the data collection instruments used. In order to develop a theoretical framework, a bibliographic method was used. Moreover, quantitative method was applied for data collection. The analysis of data results was developed by observing the videos of the different role-plays, applying a speaking and listening pre-test and post-test, and using two types of statistics study: descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings show that despite students' slight problems in fluency, accuracy, and confidence while using the English Language in the post-test, they improved their grades in comparison with the pre-test. The students' improvement in the post-test could be connected to the different types of role-plays and activities used, demonstrating the effectiveness of the role-plays to improve speaking and listening skills. ; Magíster en Lengua Inglesa y Lingüística Aplicada ; Cuenca

The importance of Ecuadorian students attaining a functional use level in the English Language has recently become a primary objective for the Ecuadorian government. However, many students have difficulty with using English to convey an idea, thought or opinion. This situation has led to the development of this study, which consists in applying role-plays to develop conversational skills in the 9th and 10th grades of basic education in a rural school. For this study, the 9th and 10th grades were unified due to the small number of students in both grades. In total, twelve students participated as subjects for this research. Speaking and listening pre-test and post-test, role-play rubrics, videos, and follow-up activities were the data collection instruments used. In order to develop a theoretical framework, a bibliographic method was used. Moreover, quantitative method was applied for data collection. The analysis of data results was developed by observing the videos of the different role-plays, applying a speaking and listening pre-test and post-test, and using two types of statistics study: descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings show that despite students' slight problems in fluency, accuracy, and confidence while using the English Language in the post-test, they improved their grades in comparison with the pre-test. The students' improvement in the post-test could be connected to the different types of role-plays and activities used, demonstrating the effectiveness of the role-plays to improve speaking and listening skills. ; Magíster en Lengua Inglesa y Lingüística Aplicada ; Cuenca

El Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera específicamente el punto tres del Acuerdo, en relación con la reintegración y reincorporación a la vida civil de los excombatientes, se ha constituido en un reto para el gobierno y los diferentes actores nacionales e internacionales. Por consiguiente, los Espacios Territoriales de Capacitación y Reincorporación (ETCR) son una de las estrategias que permiten resolver esos retos a partir de proyectos productivos ejecutados por los excombatientes y gestionados a través de la cooperación. La presente investigación analizó la cooperación internacional en los procesos de paz a partir de la gestión de recursos en los proyectos productivos formulados en los ETCR. El análisis se dividió en tres etapas: en la primera se realizó un análisis documental en fuentes secundarias; en la segunda se emplearon entrevistas semi estructuradas a distintos actores involucrados en los proyectos productivos para caracterizar así la cooperación internacional; y en la tercera se usaron matrices de evaluación de gestión para proyectos. Se encontró que los principales tipos de cooperación en los proyectos productivos son las donaciones y la cooperación técnica; como parte de las donaciones, fueron los fondos los principales donantes, y en el caso de la cooperación técnica la mayoría de los recursos provienen de organismos gubernamentales como la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) y el Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA). Además, se encontró que la gestión de los proyectos se ve afectada por la falta de apoyo y acompañamiento en la promoción de los proyectos productivos, lo cual causa un estancamiento en su desarrollo

El departamento de Risaralda es, a nivel nacional, un epicentro propicio para proyectos de tipo agroindustrial, dada su infraestructura, su geografía y su capital humano con experiencia en el sector agrícola -- Sin embargo, no hay un uso adecuado y constante de las herramientas financieras para planear y proyectar su crecimiento -- Por lo tanto, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las herramientas financieras usadas por las empresas productoras y comercializadoras de hierbas aromáticas y frutos deshidratados, ubicadas en el departamento de Risaralda, para determinar su adecuada implementación, tendiente a la mejora de su competitividad y productividad; objetivo que se alcanzó en la medida en la que se presentó un estudio sobre herramientas financieras, aplicables a cualquier empresa sin importar su tamaño o infraestructura, a cada una de las personas pertenecientes a la agroindustria y a la ciudadanía en general -- El estudio de dichas herramientas estuvo enfocado al análisis de liquidez, rentabilidad, flujo de caja libre, punto de equilibrio, estados de fuentes y usos de fondos, apalancamiento operativo y apalancamiento financiero, y herramientas de generación de valor como margen EBITDA, PKT y KTNO; adicional a eso, algunos indicadores de márgenes de rentabilidad y la TIR para el inversionista -- Además, la investigación es de tipo cualitativo y cuantitativo, y comprendió, entre otros: entrevistas con productores, comercializadores, entes gubernamentales locales y nacionales ; The department of Risaralda is, at the national level, center of agro-industrial projects, because its infrastructure, its geography and its human capital with experience in the farming sector -- Nevertheless, there isn´t an adequate and persevering use of the financial tools to plan and Project its growing -- In fact, the present research has as objective to analyze the financial tools used for the producers enterprises of aromatic herbs and dehydrated fruits, located in the department of Risaralda, to determinate its adequate put on operation, with the objective of improving its competitiveness and productivity; objective that was reached as was presented and study about financial tools, applicable to any Enterprise regardless of its size or infrastructure, and also to each one of the people pertaining to the agro-industry and the citizenship in general -- The study of the mentioned tools was focused to the analysis of liquidity, profitability, flow of free cash register, point of balance, state of sources and use of funds, operative leverage and financial leverage, and tools of creation of value as margin EBITDA, PKT and KTNO; in addition to that, some indicators of margins of profitability and the TIR for the investor -- Also, the research is of a qualitative and quantitative sort, and included, between other: interviews with producers, the market area, between governmental, local and national ones

En la actualidad, gran parte de los sistemas educativos están siendo revisados, pues estos se enfrentan a realidades dinámicas y cambiantes, por lo que la educación debe afrontar un mundo cambiante y ubicarse en ese contexto para cumplir con sus objetivos teniendo en cuenta las nuevas exigencias. Se requiere, entonces, de una educación que responda a los nuevos retos de la realidad y de la cotidianidad del ser humano como sujeto y principal protagonista de la acción educativa. Una educación que impregne en los estudiantes las habilidades para discernir y actuar con propiedad en un mundo versátil y complejo como elde hoy. Una educación que priorice la configuración de rasgos humanos que favorezcan el desarrollo personal, la convivencia social, la democracia, el desarrollo de pensamiento y la necesidad de pensarse con los otros.

Objetivo. Identificar los factores generados por la violencia intrafamiliar en empleadas del sector textil confección, mayores de edad, de tres ciudades colombianas Medellín, Bogotá y Manizales. Metodología. La investigación fue de corte cualitativo, no experimental, descriptivo. Por medio de un análisis comparativo, tomando como muestra a 8 mujeres que participaron de manera voluntaria en una entrevista semiestructurada, se permitió generar unas categorías y subcategorías para luego realizar la codificación axial y establecer las relaciones sobre cada uno de los factores. Resultados y conclusiones. Dentro de los hallazgos encontrados aparece que de la violencia intrafamiliar se derivan situaciones familiares que conllevan diversos problemas en la estructura y el desarrollo familiar. En cada ciudad se logró unificar los factores que presentan relación directa con el objeto de estudio, el fenómeno de la violencia se presenta de forma muy uniforme en las tres ciudades y en cada una de las mujeres entrevistadas.

The rapid nutrition transition occurring in Latin America has resulted in a sharp increase of childhood overweight and obesity. Recent evidence has shown that food and beverage advertising has a great influence on children's eating behavior. This population has become a key target market for the ultra-processed foods and beverages industry, which is marketing products in an aggressive way. Evidence shows that Latin American countries have poor regulation of ultra-processed foods and beverages advertising, where the discourse of self-regulation still prevails over statutory regulations. The following commentary explores how advertising might play an important role in developing unhealthy dietary patterns and obesity in Latin American children, as well as the urgent need for government action and the involvement of civil society to tackle this public health issue. ; La rápida transición nutricional en América Latina tiene como resultado el aumento pronunciado de sobrepeso y obesidad en los niños. Evidencia reciente muestra que la publicidad de comidas y bebidas ejerce gran influencia en las preferencias alimenticias de los niños. Esta población se torna centro de atención para la industria de alimentos ultra procesados y bebidas, productos comercializados agresivamente. En los países de América Latina, sólo existen reglamentos ineficientes para la publicidad de bebidas y alimentos ultra procesados, y el discurso de auto regulación prevalece sobre los reglamentos legales. Este comentario explora el importante papel de la publicidad en el desarrollo de patrones de dietas no saludables y en la obesidad de niños en América Latina, así como la necesidad de acción gubernamental y participación social en la resolución de este problema de salud pública. ; A rápida transição nutricional na América Latina tem como resultado o aumento pronunciado de sobrepeso e obesidade nas crianças. Evidência recente mostra que a publicidade de comidas e bebidas tem grande influência nas preferências alimentares das crianças. Essa população torna-se alvo da indústria de alimentos ultraprocessados e bebidas, produtos comercializados agressivamente. Nos países da América Latina, só existem regulamentos ineficientes para a publicidade de bebidas e alimentos ultraprocessados, e o discurso de auto-regulação prevalece sobre os regulamentos legais. Este comentário explora o papel importante da publicidade no desenvolvimento de padrões de dietas não saudáveis e na obesidade das crianças na América Latina, bem como a necessidade de ação governamental e participação social na resolução desse problema de saúde pública.

A crescente evidência sobre os vínculos entre consumo de bebidas açucaradas, obesidade e outras doenças crônicas levanta a necessidade de implementar ações políticas que transcendam as intervenções centradas exclusivamente na responsabilidade individual. Temendo que isso afete seus objetivos, a indústria de bebidas açucaradas realiza um extenso lobby político em altas esferas governamentais da região. Essa estratégia tem sido acompanhada dos chamados programas de responsabilidade socioempresarial dirigidos a financiar iniciativas que promovam a atividade física. Esses esforços, aparentemente altruístas, visam melhorar a imagem pública dessas indústrias e obter maior influência política diante de regulações contrárias a seus interesses. Se esse setor da indústria deseja contribuir realmente com o bem-estar humano, como publicamente expressa, deveria evitar obstruir iniciativas dirigidas a regular a comercialização, comércio e oferta de seus produtos. ; La creciente evidencia acerca de los vínculos entre consumo de bebidas azucaradas, obesidad y otras enfermedades crónicas plantea la necesidad de implementar acciones políticas que transciendan las intervenciones centradas exclusivamente en la responsabilidad individual. Temiendo que ello afecte sus objetivos comerciales en América Latina, la industria de bebidas azucaradas lleva a cabo un intenso cabildeo político en altas esferas gubernamentales de la región. Esta estrategia esta acompañada de los llamados programas de responsabilidad social empresarial dirigidos a financiar iniciativas que promocionan la actividad física. Estos esfuerzos, aparentemente altruistas, están dirigidos a mejorar la imagen pública de esta industria y a lograr mayor influencia política ante regulaciones contrarias a sus intereses. Si este sector de la industria desea contribuir con el bienestar humano, como públicamente lo expresa, debería evitar obstruir iniciativas legislativas dirigidas a regular la comercialización, mercadeo y oferta de sus productos. ; The growing evidence on the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity and other chronic diseases has highlighted the need to implement policy actions that go beyond programs exclusively focused on individual responsibility. In order to protect their commercial goals in Latin America, the sugar-sweetened beverage industry practices intense lobbying at high government levels in several countries across the region. This strategy is accompanied by corporate social responsibility programs that fund initiatives promoting physical activity. These efforts, although appearing altruistic, are intended to improve the industry's public image and increase political influence in order to block regulations counter to their interests. If this industry wants to contribute to human well being, as it has publicly stated, it should avoid blocking legislative actions intended to regulate the marketing, advertising and sale of their products.

A nivel mundial la situación medioambiental está generando la necesidad del desarrollo de hábitos sustentables, implementando estrategias para el tratamiento de residuos aprovechables.

In March 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) published revised guidelines on sugar intake that call on national governments to institute policies to reduce sugar intake and increase the scope for regulation of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). In face of the growing threat of regulatory action on SSBs, transnational beverage companies are responding in multiple ways, including investing in the formulation and sales of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), promoted as healthier alternatives to SSBs. The absence of consistent evidence to support the role of ASBs in preventing weight gain and the lack of studies on other long-term effects on health strengthen the position that ASBs should not be promoted as part of a healthy diet. The promotion of ASBs must be discussed in a broader context of the additional potential impacts on health and the environment. In addition, a more robust evidence base, free of conflicts of interest, is needed.

The global health burden due to physical inactivity is enormous and growing. There is a need to consider new ways of generating evidence and to identify the role of government in promoting physical activity at the population level. In this paper, we summarize key findings from a large-scale cross-national collaboration to understand physical activity promotion in Brazil. We describe the main aspects of the partnership of Project GUIA (Guide for Useful Interventions for Activity in Brazil and Latin America) that sustained the collaborative effort for eight years and describe how the evidence gathered from the collaboration triggered political action in Brazil to scale up a physical activity intervention at the national level. Project GUIA is a cross-national multidisciplinary research partnership designed to understand and evaluate current efforts for physical activity promotion at the community level in Latin America. This example of scaling up is unprecedented for promoting health in the region and is an example that must be followed and evaluated.

OBJECTIVE. To describe the prevalence of "active" (self-propelled, human-powered) transportation in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region over the past decade. METHODS. MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica (Embase), SportDiscus, Lilacs, MediCarib, Web of Science, OVID, CINAHL, Scopus, Google Scholar, National Transportation Library, and TRIS/TRID were searched for articles on active transportation published between January 2003 and December 2014 with (at least) a title and abstract in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Research was included in the study if the two reviewing authors agreed it 1) was conducted in an adult sample (≥ 18 years old), 2) was designed to be representative of any LAC area, and 3) reported at least one measure of active transportation. Reference lists of included papers and retrieved reviews were also checked. A total of 129 key informants (87 scientific experts and 42 government authorities) were contacted to identify additional candidate publications. Two other authors extracted the data independently. RESULTS. A total of 10 459 unique records were found; the full texts of 143 were reviewed; and a total of 45 studies were included in the study, yielding estimates for 72 LAC settings, most of which were in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia. No eligible studies were found for the years 2003–2004, resulting in a 10-year study time frame. Estimates were available for walking, cycling, or the combination of both, with a high degree of heterogeneity (heterogeneity index (I2) ≥ 99%). The median prevalence of active transportation (combining walking and cycling) was 12.0%, ranging from 5.1% (in Palmas, Brazil) to 58.9% (in Rio Claro, Brazil). Men cycled more than women in all regions for which information was available. The opposite was true for walking. CONCLUSIONS. Prevalence of active transportation in LAC varied widely, with great heterogeneity and uneven distribution of studies across countries, indicating the need for efforts to build comprehensive surveillance systems with standardized, timely, ...