Suchergebnisse

Der Verfasser untersucht die Folgen, die sich daraus ergeben, wie die Elemente der neoliberalen Theorie in Indien in Verbindung mit der Wirtschaftsliberalisierung und der Kommodifizierung von Recht und Ethik angewandt werden. Er kritisiert die auf dem Neoliberalismus basierenden Theorie- und Grundsatzmodelle von "Good Governance" und die Auswirkungen von Reform des Regierens auf die Armut, Gerechtigkeit und Menschenrechte, indem er die Änderungen in ausgewählten Systemen der Regierungsführung und Institutionen in Entwicklungsländern analysiert. Das zentrale Argument des Verfassers besagt, dass bei einem Fokus auf politische, verwaltungstechnische und wirtschaftliche Reformen in Entwicklungsländern soziale Strukturen und Unterteilungen nicht berücksichtigt werden, was schwer wiegende Auswirkungen auf Armut und Gerechtigkeit von Entwicklungsprogrammen und -strategien hat. (ICE2)

The agricultural economy of Jharkhand is primarily understood to be 'subsistence' agriculture. However, an ongoing agrarian change in rural Jharkhand has drawn less academic attention. This substantial change is from indigenous seeds to high-yielding varieties of paddy seeds enabling food sufficiency in the villages to a larger extent. In addition, the introduction of commercial crops like vegetables, watermelons and marigolds is another attendant change. This article is concerned with ethnographic fieldwork in two neighbouring villages of district—Khunti of Jharkhand, where farmers have been influenced by intermediaries (both old and new) restricted to State, NGOs and private companies (agricultural input suppliers). Also, the introduction of various governmental schemes, such as the 'Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI)' programme, a part of 'National Food Security Mission' and 'Special-Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana', has encouraged agrarian change in rural Jharkhand. Despite Jharkhand being a low agricultural productivity region, there is a proliferated presence of transnational connections such as agribusiness companies and research institutions linked to State institutions and NGOs to form a new set of agricultural intermediaries. These agricultural intermediaries at the regional level in the Khunti district influence the crop choice, cropping pattern and usage of inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides). The study also tries to understand agrarian (labour) relations among caste–tribe communities of rural Jharkhand.

This article addresses links between entrepreneurs' cultural and symbolic capital and their practices of knowledge generation for innovation. Through an ethnographic study of four Ayurvedic cosmetics manufacturing MSMEs in Mumbai, we argue that innovation in cosmetics MSMEs is the result of conversion of cultural capital into symbolic capital that in turn converts into economic capital. The study shows that Ayurveda knowledge resides in the entrepreneur's family tradition and mostly transfers in a tacit form. The entrepreneurs' acquisition of symbolic capital intertwines with the discourse of 'sustainable development', which makes 'natural' fashionable and 'traditional' knowledge prestigious. Within this discourse, Ayurveda knowledge acquires symbolic value which makes entrepreneurs' cultural knowledge valuable and legitimate. The analyses of representative cases show how cultural capital and symbolic capital impact acquisition of knowledge in ways that facilitate entrepreneurs to attain legitimacy through innovations. We argue that appropriation of different forms of capital by entrepreneurs reinforces the beauty field's normative structure which in turn facilitates knowledge generation for innovation in cosmetics MSMEs.