Suchergebnisse

It is assumed that the qualification plays an important role in performing any task. This study was carried out to investigate the performance of schools and head-teachers in concern with head teacher's qualification. The performance of head-teachers was measured as viewed by their teachers so secondary school teachers were the source of data for this study. The population was divided into two strata based on levels of qualification. It was descriptive-cum-correlational survey and a self-developed questionnaire was administered to 384 teachers to solicited information about the performance of their head-teachers in different administrative tasks. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Witney U-test was used to compare two groups' means to test the hypothesis. Analysis revealed that in the majority of administrative tasks (seven out of ten) the performance of head-teachers who had more than 16-yearsqualification was significantly better and their school results were also found good than their counterpart. Both the hypotheses were rejected and it could be gleaned that high qualifications of head-teachers were effective because they are good in administering the tasks that augmented towards better school performance.

The major objective of the research was an exploration of the impact of Head teachers' instructional supervisory practices in Government Secondary Schools on teachers' performance. In this descriptive research, data was collected through a survey. The population was all the female and male head-teachers and teachers of Government high secondary schools of Sargodha. Sample of 75 schools and their head teachers and 225 teachers from each school were selected by multistage random sampling technique. Two rating scales were used to collect data. Pearson r and descriptive statistics watershed for data analysis. The conclusion of the study was that there was a significant positive relationship between head teachers' supervisory practices and teachers' performance. On the basis of conclusion, in-service training for both the teachers and the head teachers are commended

World Health Organization (WHO) has defined herbal medicines as finished labeled medicinal product that contain an active ingredient, aerial, or underground parts of the plant or other plant material or combinations. According to a report of WHO, about 80% of the world population is reported to rely on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs. Even in the developed countries, complementary or alternative medicine is gaining popularity. A report of a global survey on national policy on traditional medicine and regulation of herbal medicines indicated that about 50 countries including China, Japan, and Germany already have their national policy and laws on regulations of traditional medicines. Herbal drugs possess a long history of its use and better patient tolerance. These are cheaper and easily available in countries like India due to rich agro culture conditions. However, reckless utilization of resources threatens the sustainability of several plant species. Traditional medicines are governed by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules of 1945. In 1959, the Government of India amended the Drugs and Cosmetics Act to include drugs that are derived from traditional Indian medicine. In 1993, the guidelines for the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines developed by an expert committee directed that the procedures laid down by the office of the Drug Controller General of India for allopathic drugs should be followed for all traditional and herbal products to enter into clinical trials for any therapeutic condition. However, there are certain loop holes in the clinical trials of herbal drugs as the lack of stringent bylaws and regulations. Hence, a deep insight of important challenges and major regulatory guidelines for clinical trial of herbal drugs and botanicals is discussed in the present communication. There is lack of scientific evidence to evaluate safety and efficacy of herbal drugs. The quality of the trial drug has to be tested for batch-to-batch uniformity of ...