Manual práctico del abogado: estrategias y tácticas procesales
In: Práctica jurídica
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In: Práctica jurídica
Estamos asistiendo a una progresiva democratización del aprendizaje y diseño en arquitectura cuando ésta se entiende como una ecología, esto es, una ciencia de relaciones. Para abordar este objetivo, algunas prácticas docentes de la Escuela de Alicante analizan gráficamente proyectos ejemplares de escala doméstica o aprenden a aplicar métodos de diseño consensuados con los habitantes a quienes van destinados: el primero toma la forma de prácticas de dibujo desde un balbuceo hasta un cierto nivel de calidad digital, deconstruyendo las versiones de machiyas japonesas realizadas por Atelier Bow-Wow; el segundo, inspirado en cómo se ha producido la toma de decisiones consensuada para los proyectos de ciudad fábrica y de la Mémé Medicale de Lucien y Simone Kroll, produce proyectos de transformación de viviendas en el entorno de Alicante. En ambos casos, trabajando indirectamente las competencias transversales propuestas para su aprendizaje. ; We are involved in a democratization of learning and designing in Architecture once it's considered an ecology, that is a science of relations. In order to approach to this goal, some emergent workshops in Alicante University select study cases of domestic scaled relevant projects or learn how to apply co-design methods: the first one follows the methodology of drawing lessons from a zero level to a certain quality in the results of decomposing some machiya Japanese houses designed by Atelier Bow-Wow; the second one, inspired in how public design decisions were taken for the cite-usine project and the Mémé Medicale by Lucien and Simone Kroll, end up producing refurbishments of dwelling in Alicante neighbourhoods. In both cases, the methodologies included the workout of transversal key competences.
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In this paper, we address three contemporary issues currently being discussed in architectural education. The first issue is the hypothesis of domesticity as a suitable framework to acquire architectural abilities when students choose to focus their designs on ordinary issues from their childhood neighbourhoods. The second issue is that of shared authorship, whether it can make design more democratic and question the architect's hegemony over other agents involved in the design process. The third issue is the use of new kinds of tools to understand the results and impact of architectural actions: a new user-friendly technological device, made as effective as possible, can replace sociologic satisfaction questionnaires, interviews or discussion groups. Sociological research applied to architecture offers us references, charts, rules of analysis and diagnosis. We describe two exercises performed in Alicante University. The first one was meant for a neighbourhood community that offered spaces, such as lobbies next to main doors and lifts, to install a shared wardrobe and other architectonic services including ironing, drying, and the folding of clothes. In the second one, housewives led a co-design process to redefine their homes and make them compatible with workshop activities.
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Abstract Background A possible role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been suggested. The detoxification enzyme NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1) has been found up-regulated in MS lesions. A previous report described an association between the SNP rs1800566 in the NQO1 gene and the risk for MS in the Greek population. The aim of this study was to replicate a possible influence of the. SNP rs1800566 in the NQO1 gene in the risk for MS in the Spanish Caucasian population. Methods We analyzed allelic and genotypic frequency of NQO1 rs1800566 in 290 patients with MS and 310 healthy controls, using TaqMan Assays. Results NQO1 rs1800566 allelic and genotypic frequencies did not differ significantly between MS patients and controls, and were unrelated with age of onset of MS, gender, and clinical type of MS. Conclusions Our results indicate that NQO1 rs1800566 does not have an effect on MS disease risk. ; This work was supported in part by Grants PI12/00241, PI12/00324 and RETICS RD12/0013/0002 from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, and GR10068 from Junta de Extremadura, Spain. Financed in part with FEDER funds from the European Union. ; Peer Reviewed
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Background: Some recent experimental data suggest a possible role of LINGO-1 in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In an attempt to identify genetic biomarkers related to MS susceptibility, we genotyped two common SNPs in the LINGO1 gene which have been associated to other neurological conditions, in patients with MS and in healthy subjects. These SNPs are linked to several SNPs within the LINGO1 gene, especially in individuals of Oriental or Caucasian descent.Methods: We analyzed the allelic and genotype frequency of two LINGO1 variants (rs9652490 and rs11856808) in 293 patients with MS and 318 healthy controls, using KASPar assays.Results: LINGO1 rs9652490 and rs11856808 allelic and genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between MS patients and controls. The minor allele frequencies for rs9652490 were 0.171 (95% CI = 0.140-0.201) and 0.167 (95% CI = 0.138-0.196 for cases and controls respectively (p = 0.853). For rs11856808 the minor allele frequencies were 0.317 (95% CI = 0.280-0.355) and 0.310 (95% CI = 0.274-0.346) for cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.773). Allele and genotype frequencies were unrelated with the age of onset of MS, gender, and clinical course of MS. In addition, haplotype analyses did not reveal any putative risk related to haplotypes.Conclusions: These results suggest that LINGO1 rs9652490 and rs11856808 polymorphisms are not related with risk for MS. This study adds to other published evidence indicating that, to date, the LINGO1 SNPs studied here could be useful risk biomarkers of developing essential tremor, but not other movement disorders. © 2013 García-Martín et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. ; Instituto de Salud Carlos III PS09/00943, PS09/00469, PI12/00241, PI12/00324 and RETICS RD12/0013/0002 from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2006-10126 and SAF2010-22329-C02-01); Junta de Extremadura (GR10068); European Union (FEDER) ; Peer Reviewed
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Making large datasets findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable could accelerate technology development. Now, Jacobsson et al. present an approach to build an open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells. Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available in a database. We collect data from over 42,400 photovoltaic devices with up to 100 parameters per device. We then develop open-source and accessible procedures to analyse the data, providing examples of insights that can be gleaned from the analysis of a large dataset. The database, graphics and analysis tools are made available to the community and will continue to evolve as an open-source initiative. This approach of extensively capturing the progress of an entire field, including sorting, interactive exploration and graphical representation of the data, will be applicable to many fields in materials science, engineering and biosciences. ; Funding Agencies|European UnionEuropean Commission [841386, 795079, 840751, 787289, 764787, 756962, 764047, 850937]; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie; Cambridge India Ramanujan Scholarship; China Scholarship CouncilChina Scholarship Council; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD)Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD); EPSRCUK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/S009213/1]; GCRF/EPSRC SUNRISEUK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/P032591/1]; German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) [03XP0091, ZT-0024, 03SF0540, 03SF0557A]; Helmholtz Energy Materials Foundry; The Helmholtz Innovation Laboratory HySPRINT; HyPerCells graduate school; Helmholtz AssociationHelmholtz Association; Helmholtz International Research School (HI-SCORE); Erasmus programme (CDT-PV) [EP/L01551X/1]; European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant) [841386, 795079, 840751]; Royal Society University Research FellowshipRoyal Society of London [UF150033]; SNaPSHoTs (BMBF)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); SPARC II; German Research Foundation (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG) [SPP2196]; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51872014]; Recruitment Programme of Global Experts; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; 111 projectMinistry of Education, China - 111 Project [B17002]; US Department of Energys Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) agreementUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-EE0008551]; Colombia Scientific Programme [FP44842-218-2018]; committee for the development of research (CODI) of the Universidad de Antioquia [2017-16000]; Spanish MINECOSpanish Government [SEV-2015-0522]; Swedish research council (VR)Swedish Research Council [2019-05591]; Swedish Energy AgencySwedish Energy AgencyMaterials & Energy Research Center (MERC) [2020-005194]
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