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This paper identifies and explores mechanisms that individuals use to create and interpret, re-create and re-interpret, "Arab, Muslim, and South Asian" as a racial identity through performance. This concept is important to understanding the law's interpretation and analysis of race. Considering race as performance is important for Critical Race Theory (CRT). CRT's mantra has been that race is a social construct, meaning that race has been constructed from social, cultural, historical, and political contexts within systems and institutions. Devon Carbado and Mitu Gulati point to a deficiency in the concept of race as a social construct at the macro level. They note that CRT often ignores the "racial productivity of the 'choices' people of color make about how they present themselves as racialized persons," and in general the race producing practices of people are often ignored. This paper attempts to examine the "choices" Arabs, Muslims, and South Asians make that purposefully or mistakenly produce race. Such a discussion is important for two reasons. First, it provides a lens to develop new legal strategies that take into account the nuances of identity and provides a springboard to build intra- and inter-community coalitions with other communities of color. Additionally, an understanding of racial performance moves us toward an analysis of how individual Arabs, Muslims and South Asians choose to present themselves. With this inquiry into the process of racial formation, we can understand the role of the individual in creating racial identity. Part I of this paper presents the theoretical framework. Section B explains "performance theory" and my framework of race as performance. Section C then introduces the three categories of racial performance used in this paper: strategic passing, covering, and using stereotypes. Section D presents the theory of performance "teams." Part II explores the relationship between race as performance in both formal and informal performance situations, and analyzes the above narrative in the context of the performance theory to provide an example of the relationship between the three categories of racial performance and performance teams. Part III presents strategic resistance efforts and everyday survival/self-preservation tactics.

India has always been a disaster-prone country, with multiple states afflicted by different types of disasters. The impact of these disasters is exacerbated when an area is prone to multiple types of disasters. This study attempts to understand the impact of natural and man-made disasters on the people of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and Ladakh region in India as well as it also examines the resilience mechanisms adopted by the people, and identifies measures taken by the government in response to these disasters. To understand these disasters' dynamics, we conducted both offline and online desk reviews for this study. The review suggests that J&K and Ladakh region is afflicted not only by multiple natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, avalanches, and landslides but also by the terrorism and violence, which has caused unparalleled death and destruction. These natural and man-made disasters have adversely affected most aspects of life and development in the region. To mitigate the risks, effective disaster risk reduction and management systems, early warning systems and infrastructure need to be strengthened. In addition, community engagement needs to be enhanced with the goal of addressing the grievances of the population and engaging them in the design and implementation of sustainable development programs.

India has always been a disaster-prone country, with multiple states afflicted by different types of disasters. The impact of these disasters is exacerbated when an area is prone to multiple types of disasters. This study attempts to understand the impact of natural and man-made disasters on the people of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and Ladakh region in India as well as it also examines the resilience mechanisms adopted by the people, and identifies measures taken by the government in response to these disasters. To understand these disasters' dynamics, we conducted both offline and online desk reviews for this study. The review suggests that J&K and Ladakh region is afflicted not only by multiple natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, avalanches, and landslides but also by the terrorism and violence, which has caused unparalleled death and destruction. These natural and man-made disasters have adversely affected most aspects of life and development in the region. To mitigate the risks, effective disaster risk reduction and management systems, early warning systems and infrastructure need to be strengthened. In addition, community engagement needs to be enhanced with the goal of addressing the grievances of the population and engaging them in the design and implementation of sustainable development programs.

AbstractIn India, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for nearly 62% of all deaths in 2016. Four NCDs – high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease – together accounted for over 34% of these deaths. Using data from two rounds of the India Human Development Surveys (IHDSs), levels and changes in the prevalence rates of the four NCDs (based on diagnosed cases) among adults aged 15–69 years in India between 2004–05 and 2011–12 were examined by socioeconomic and demographic factors and for five broad occupation categories. The socioeconomic and demographic risk factors for each of these NCDs were determined using multiple linear logistic regression analysis of pooled data from two rounds of the IHDS. The results showed that while urban residence, age, female sex and education were associated with higher odds of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease, household economic status was associated with higher odds for all four NCDs. Furthermore, increased higher odds of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease were found for the legislator/senior official/professional occupation group compared with non-workers. Skilled agricultural/elementary workers had lower odds of high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease. Craft/machine-related trade workers had higher odds of high blood pressure and diabetes, and reduced odds of asthma and heart disease. Compared with non-workers, the odds ratios for asthma were lower for all other occupational categories. During the two study decades, the Government of India implemented several programmes designed to improve the health and well-being of its people. However, more focused attention on the adult population is needed, and special attention should be paid to the issue of the occupational health of the working population through the strict implementation of work place safety protocols and the removal of potential health hazards.

Purpose: South Asian region is a focal point owing to its vulnerabilities to climate-sensitive diseases, dependence on climate-sensitive livelihoods, projected levels of crop decline in the region, and high rates of poverty and malnutrition. Women are particularly vulnerable to climate change and this affects women disproportionately during different extreme events. The purpose of this paper is to understand the issue of climate change and its impact, and climate resilience among women in South Asia. Further, it also identifies the gaps and suggests future policy implications. Design/methodology/approach: Climate change is increasingly being recognised as an alarming issue and the present review is important when South Asian countries are facing the brunt of climate change impacts. This paper tries to understand the issue by review of the literature and conceptual framework methodology. To understand women's vulnerability due to climate change and its aftermath, the authors conducted both offline and online desk reviews for this study. Findings: The findings of this study show a clear linkage between climate change and women's vulnerabilities in South Asia. Climate change has significant socio-economic impacts on women, and it affects them disproportionately in various domains of agriculture, livelihood, food security, both physical and mental health, water and sanitation in the South Asia region. Practical implications: The paper also highlights that the programmes that aim at combating the effects of climate change require a gender-sensitive approach so that climate change does not obstruct the development and reduction of poverty in the region. Social implications: The findings of this paper will add value in helping families to come out of poverty by undertaking adaptive measures with proactive assistance from the government and grassroots level organisations. Originality/value: The present study also advocates for more gender- and climate-sensitive measures from governments, and implementation of ...

As per the International Health Regulations, it is a moral responsibility on national governments to keep international seaports/airports and peripheral areas up to 400 meters free of vector mosquitoes in its adult and immature stages and the mosquito vectors of other diseases of epidemiological significance. In view of seriousness of the problem, the present study was undertaken in and around Mormugao Port Trust (MPT), Goa (India), to see the prevalence of Aedes mosquito. This study was undertaken in the month of February and December 2016. Inside the port, no larval breeding was detected except in December survey, and 3.85 Breteau Index (BI) was recorded. In Headland Sada (residential colony), breeding was detected with 6.0 and 10.0 BI in February and December 2016 respectively. Similarly, in Jetty village high larval breeding was searched with 9.8 and 8.0 BI in February and December, respectively. In the residential colony, plastic containers used for storing water acted as the main source of larval breeding. These plastic containers were used to store water for long time and maintaining Aedes breeding in adverse condition throughout the year. According to breeding preference ratio (BPR), cement tank showed the highest (4.37) BPR in the month of February while in December BPR was highest for iron drum (27.7) followed by waterstoring plastic container (1.14). These residential colonies are in close vicinity of the seaport. Local factors play an important role in the propagation and prevalence of Aedes mosquito. Routine entomological surveillance is required to monitor the vector prevalence in the residential colonies around the seaport. Baseline surveillance data should be collected regularly to monitor vector prevalence and destroy the breeding sites in and around the seaport.

As per the International Health Regulations, it is a moral responsibility on national governments to keep international seaports/airports and peripheral areas up to 400 meters free of vector mosquitoes in its adult and immature stages and the mosquito vectors of other diseases of epidemiological significance. In view of seriousness of the problem, the present study was undertaken in and around Mormugao Port Trust (MPT), Goa (India), to see the prevalence of Aedes mosquito. This study was undertaken in the month of February and December 2016. Inside the port, no larval breeding was detected except in December survey, and 3.85 Breteau Index (BI) was recorded. In Headland Sada (residential colony), breeding was detected with 6.0 and 10.0 BI in February and December 2016 respectively. Similarly, in Jetty village high larval breeding was searched with 9.8 and 8.0 BI in February and December, respectively. In the residential colony, plastic containers used for storing water acted as the main source of larval breeding. These plastic containers were used to store water for long time and maintaining Aedes breeding in adverse condition throughout the year. According to breeding preference ratio (BPR), cement tank showed the highest (4.37) BPR in the month of February while in December BPR was highest for iron drum (27.7) followed by waterstoring plastic container (1.14). These residential colonies are in close vicinity of the seaport. Local factors play an important role in the propagation and prevalence of Aedes mosquito. Routine entomological surveillance is required to monitor the vector prevalence in the residential colonies around the seaport. Baseline surveillance data should be collected regularly to monitor vector prevalence and destroy the breeding sites in and around the seaport.

Patient activation, the extension of self-efficacy into self-management, is an essential component of effective chronic care. In pediatric populations, caregiver activation is also needed for proper disease management. This study investigates the relationships between parental activation and other characteristics of parent–child dyads ( N = 198) presenting for pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Parental activation concerning their child's health was assessed using the Parent Patient Activation Measure (Parent-PAM), a modified version of the well-validated Patient Activation Measure (PAM). Using hierarchical linear regression and following the Belsky process model for determining parenting behaviors, a multivariate model was created for parental activation on behalf of their child that showed that the parent's age, rating of their own general health, self-activation, and duration of the child's illness were significantly related to Parent-PAM score. Our findings characterize a potentially distinct form of activation in a parent–child cohort preparing for a demanding clinical course.