Suchergebnisse

Abstract. The 2006 Guinsaugon landslide in Saint Bernard, Southern Leyte, is one of the largest known landslides in the Philippines in recent history. It consists of a 15–20 million m3 rockslide-debris avalanche from an approximately 675 m high mountain weakened by continuous movement of the Philippine Fault. The catastrophic Guinsaugon landslide killed 1221 people and displaced 19 000 residents over its 4.5 km path. To investigate the present-day morphology of the scar and potential failure that may occur, analysis of a 5 m resolution InSAR-derived digital elevation model was conducted using Coltop3D and Matterocking software, leading to the generation of a landslide hazard map for the province of Southern Leyte in central Philippines. The dip and dip direction of discontinuity sets that contribute to gravitational failure in mountainous areas of the province were identified and measured using a lower Schmidt–Lambert color scheme. After measurement of the morpho-structural orientations, potential sites of failure were analyzed. Conefall was then utilized to compute the extent of rock mass runout. Results of the analysis show instability in the scarp area of the 2006 Guinsaugon landslide and in adjacent slopes because of the presence of steep discontinuities that range from 45 to 60°. Apart from the 2006 Guinsaugon landslide site, runout models simulated farther rock mass extent in its adjacent slopes, revealing a high potential for fatal landslides to happen in the municipality of Saint Bernard. Concerned agencies may use maps produced in the same manner as this study to identify possible sites where structurally controlled landslides can occur. In a country like the Philippines, where fractures and faults are common, this type of simulated hazard maps would be useful for disaster prevention and facilitate disaster risk reduction efforts for landslide-susceptible areas.

The paper examined whether organic rice farmers are already equipped with the knowledge of practicing organic agriculture in the country especially with the expected full implementation of the Organic Agriculture Act in 2016 through a survey conducted in 2011. The study showed that rice farmers have only low to medium level of awareness on organic farming activities and markets for organic products. Mostly NGOs and private institutions were the major sources of knowledge and support services. The farmers' low level of awareness and accessibility to support services provided by both the government and private sector and the latter's inadequacy in providing those services resulted in poor farmer compliance to the PNSOA standards. These PNSOA standards cover conversion procedure, requirement on seeds, fertilization, pest and disease management, crop rotation and diversity, soil management practices, labelling, storage and transportation procedures, and processing. The government must therefore triple its efforts in disseminating the proper information on organic agriculture to the stakeholders in the industry to ensure the sustainability of the organic agriculture program in the country.