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This book is the first comprehensive coverage of Red Sea fisheries to inform researchers and decision makers. The Red Sea is a geologically young sea, but also an area with the oldest record of human sea food exploitation. Examining the fisheries of the Red Sea has become extremely important to understand the ecosystem and the direct human impact of fishing on Red Sea ecosystems. This volume gives extensive data on different fisheries sectors identified and described for each country bordering the Red Sea. Furthermore, its catch and specific composition is also described over the period 1950 to 2010. Combined with the ecosystem model this useful information can uniquely help managing fisheries and ecosystems of the Red Sea.

Following a brief description of the evolution of marine fisheries since the Second World War, the major trends in the domestic and foreign fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the Comoros, Madagascar, Mozambique, the Seychelles and Tanzania are reviewed, with emphasis on the actual ('reconstructed') catches (as opposed to officially reported catches) of the domestic fisheries for the 61 year period from 1950 to 2010. The discrepancies between these two catch types have policy implication which leads to a discussion of what the governance of these fisheries should emphasize, besides having to be ecosystem-based, and increasingly account for demographic pressure and climate change. The resource managers to be trained for facing these challenges will have to have to be versatile, conservation-orientated, and adept at making use of generic online resources that allow bypassing time-consuming and costly local replications. ; Suite à une brève description de l'évolution de la pêche maritime depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les principales tendances de la pêche intérieure et étrangère dans les zones économiques exclusives (ZEE) des Comores, Madagascar, le Mozambique, les Seychelles et la Tanzanie sont examinées, l'accent étant mis sur les captures ('reconstruites') réelles (par rapport à les captures déclarées officiellement) des pêches intérieures pour la période de 61 ans allant de 1950 à 2010. Ces divergences ont une implication politique qui conduit à une discussion sur ce que la gouvernance de ces pêcheries devrait souligner, en plus d'avoir à être fondée sur les écosystèmes, et de plus en plus tenir compte de la pression démographique et le changement climatique. Les gestionnaires des ressources formés pour faire face à ces défis devront être polyvalents, orientées vers la conservation et doués pour utiliser des ressources en ligne génériques permettant de contourner les reproductions locales coûteuses en temps et laborieuses. ; This is a contribution of the Sea Around Us, a research initiative based at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada and funded by the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation.

The three decades following World War II were a period of rapidly increasing fishing effort and landings, but also of spectacular collapses, particularly in small pelagic fish stocks. This is also the period in which a toxic triad of catch underreporting, ignoring scientific advice and blaming the environment emerged as standard response to ongoing fisheries collapses, which became increasingly more frequent, finally engulfing major North Atlantic fisheries. The response to the depletion of traditional fishing grounds was an expansion of North Atlantic (and generally of northern hemisphere) fisheries in three dimensions: southward, into deeper waters and into new taxa, i.e. catching and marketing species of fish and invertebrates previously spurned, and usually lower in the food web. This expansion provided many opportunities for mischief, as illustrated by the European Union's negotiated 'agreements' for access to the fish resources of Northwest Africa, China's agreement-fee exploitation of the same, and Japan blaming the resulting resource declines on the whales. Also, this expansion provided new opportunities for mislabelling seafood unfamiliar to North Americans and Europeans, and misleading consumers, thus reducing the impact of seafood guides and similar effort toward sustainability. With fisheries catches declining, aquaculture—despite all public relation efforts—not being able to pick up the slack, and rapidly increasing fuel prices, structural changes are to be expected in both the fishing industry and the scientific disciplines that study it and influence its governance. Notably, fisheries biology, now predominantly concerned with the welfare of the fishing industry, will have to be converted into fisheries conservation science, whose goal will be to resolve the toxic triad alluded to above, and thus maintain the marine biodiversity and ecosystems that provide existential services to fisheries. Similarly, fisheries economists will have to get past their obsession with privatising fisheries resources, as their stated goal of providing the proper incentives to fishers can be achieved without giving away what are, after all, public resources. Overall, the crisis that fisheries are now going through can be seen as an opportunity to renew both their structure—away from fuel-intensive large-scale fisheries—and their governance, and to renew the disciplines which study fisheries, creating a fisheries conservation science in the process. Its greatest achievement will be the creation of a global network of Marine Protected Areas, which, as anticipated by Ramon Margalef, is the way to make controlled exploitation compatible with the continued existence of functioning marine ecosystems. ; Las tres décadas que siguieron a la Segunda Guerra Mundial fueron un período de rápido incremento en el esfuerzo y la captura pesquera, pero también de colapsos espectaculares, principalmente de los estocs de peces pelágicos pequeños. Durante este periodo también apareció un 'trío tóxico', según el cual, declarar capturas inferiores a las reales, ignorar las sugerencias de la comunidad científica y culpabilizar al medio ambiente constituyeron la respuesta usual a los continuos colapsos pesqueros que, por ello, se volvieron más frecuentes, y acabaron por abarcar las principales pesquerías del Atlántico Norte. La respuesta a la disminución de los caladeros de pesca tradicionales fue una expansión de las pesquerías del Atlántico Norte (y del Hemisferio Norte en general) en tres dimensiones: hacia el sur, hacia aguas más profundas y a nuevos organismos, o sea, capturando y vendiendo especies de peces e invertebrados que antes se desechaban, y que generalmente pertenecen a niveles inferiores de la red trófica. Esta expansión ofreció muchas oportunidades para realizar disparates, como los "acuerdos" negociados por la Unión Europea para acceder a los recursos pesqueros del Noroeste de África, el acuerdo-cuota que permitía a China explotar la misma región, y el que Japón culpara a las ballenas por la resultante disminución de los recursos. Además esta expansión ofreció nuevas oportunidades para etiquetar mal a las especies poco conocidas por los norteamericanos o europeos, y engañar a los consumidores, reduciendo así el impacto de las guías de consumo de pescados y otros esfuerzos similares dirigidos hacia la sostenibilidad. Con las capturas pesqueras disminuyendo, la acuicultura – a pesar de todos los esfuerzos de relaciones públicas – siendo incapaz de compensar la pérdida, y el rápido incremento de los precios de combustibles, deben esperarse cambios tanto en la industria pesquera como en las disciplinas científicas que la estudian, e influyen en su gestión. En particular, la biología pesquera, ahora preocupada predominantemente por el bienestar de la industria pesquera, tendrá que convertirse a la ciencia de la conservación de las pesquerías, cuyo objetivo será el de resolver el 'trío tóxico' mencionado anteriormente, y así mantener la biodiversidad marina y de los ecosistemas que proveen servicios esenciales a las pesquerías. De manera similar, los economistas pesqueros deberán superar su obsesión por la privatización de los recursos pesqueros, dado que su objetivo declarado de proveer a los pescadores con incentivos adecuados puede ser logrado sin regalar lo que son, después de todo, recursos públicos. En términos generales, la crisis por la que están atravesando las pesquerías puede considerarse como una oportunidad para renovar su estructura – alejándose de las pesquerías a gran escala y con uso intensivo de combustible – y gestión, y renovar las disciplinas que estudian a las pesquerías, creando durante ese proceso una ciencia de conservación pesquera. Su mayor logro será la creación de una red mundial de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, lo cual, como lo anticipara Ramón Margalef, es la manera de establecer una explotación controlada, compatible con la existencia duradera del funcionamiento de los ecosistemas marinos.

"The world's fisheries are in crisis. Their catches are declining, and the stocks of key species, such as cod and bluefin tuna, are but a small fraction of their previous abundance, while others have been overfished almost to extinction. The oceans are depleted and the commercial fishing industry increasingly depends on subsidies to remain afloat. In these essays, award-winning biologist Dr. Daniel Pauly offers a thought-provoking look at the state of today's global fisheries--and a radical way to turn it around. Starting with the rapid expansion that followed World War II, he traces the arc of the fishing industry's ensuing demise, offering insights into how and why it has failed. With clear, convincing prose, he draws on decades of research to provide an up-to-date assessment of ocean health and an analysis of the issues that have contributed to the current crisis, including globalization, massive underreporting of catch, and the phenomenon of "shifting baselines," in which, over time, important knowledge is lost about the state of the natural world."--

Klappentext: Until now, there has been only one source of data on global fishery catches: information reported to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations by member countries. An extensive, ten-year study conducted by The Sea Around Us Project of the University of British Columbia shows that this catch data is fundamentally misleading. Many countries underreport the amount of fish caught (some by as much as 500%), while others such as China significantly overreport their catches. The Global Atlas of Marine Fisheries is the first and only book to provide accurate, country-by-country fishery data. This groundbreaking information has been gathered from independent sources by the world's foremost fisheries experts, and edited by Daniel Pauly and Dirk Zeller of the Sea Around Us Project. The Atlas includes one-page reports on 272 nations or regions, plus fourteen topical global chapters. National reports describe the state of the country's fishery, by sector; the policies, politics, and social factors affecting it; and potential solutions. The global chapters address cross-cutting issues, from the economics of fisheries to the impacts of mariculture. Extensive maps and graphics offer attractive and accessible visual representations. While it has long been clear that the world's oceans are in trouble, the lack of reliable data on fishery catches has obscured the scale, and nuances, of the crisis. The Atlas shows that, globally, catches have declined rapidly since the 1980s, signaling an even more critical situation than previously understood.--