Suchergebnisse

Abstract—An overview of the results obtained by foreign seismologists based on the records of Turkish seismic networks AFAD (State Agency for Disaster Management under the Ministry of Internal Affairs) is presented. The sequence of earthquakes began with the M7.8 main shock and includes thousands of aftershocks. The strongest events occurred in the first twelve hours, with the sources of two M7.0+ events located 100 km apart. Earthquakes have caused ground motions that are destructive to structures, the so-called "pulse-like waveforms", and epicentral distances, as was previously noted, are not a good indicator of attenuation of waves from earthquakes with extended ruptures. The records of stations in the near-fault zones clearly revealed the directivity effects of seismic radiation. The M7.8 earthquake (main shock) was larger than expected in the current tectonic setting. The near-field records traced an early transition to the super-shear (~1.55Vs) rupture propagation on the Narli lateral fault, where the rupture originated and then passed into the East Anatolian fault. The early transition to the super-shear stage obviously contributed to the further propagation of the rupture and the initiation of slips on the East Anatolian fault. A dynamic fracture model has been constructed that matches the various results of inversions obtained by different authors and reveals spatially inhomogeneous rupture propagation velocities. Super-shear velocities exceeding the shear wave velocity Vs are observed along the Narli lateral fault and at the southwestern end of the East Anatolian fault. Since the late 1990s, seismologists have been working on incorporating the rupture directivity effects of extended sources into the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis procedures, but no consensus has been reached so far, and progress in this area can only be expected with the accumulation of a sufficient amount of observational data.

To obtain realistic and correct estimates of seismic effects in the Baikal Rift Zone (BRZ), a ground motion prediction equation has been developed based on the records of local earthquakes (magnitudes mb ~ 3.4–5.5, hypocentral distances R ~ 15–220 km) obtained by Ulan-Ude and Severomuisk seismic stations. At the first step, in our previous works, using stochastic simulation of the accelerograms of the recorded local earthquakes we estimated the regional parameters of radiation and propagation of seismic waves (stress drop in an earthquake source, quality function of the medium, geometrical spreading, wave attenuation at high frequencies, local site amplification, etc. These parameters were then used to generate a set of earthquake accelerograms over a wide range of magnitudes (Mw ~ 4.0–8.0) and distances (R ~ 1–200 km) on a rock site, and a ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) describing the dependence of peak ground accelerations (PGA) and peak ground velocities (PGV) on magnitude and distance are constructed. The obtained PGA estimates are compared with those estimated from GMPE recommended for BRZ by the international Global Earthquake Model (GEM) project. The scatter of the estimates obtained based on GEM GMPE indicates the relevance of developing the own GMPEs for Russian regions based on the records of local earthquakes. The GMPE derived in this work can be used for seismic hazard assessment in the BRZ eastern part and will be updated as new data are acquired.

We often hear that our world 'is more multilingual than ever before', but is it true? This book shatters that cliché. It is the first volume to shine light on the millennia-long history of multilingualism as a social, institutional and demographic phenomenon. Its fifteen chapters, written in clear, accessible language by prominent historians, classicists, and sociolinguists, span the period from the third century BC to the present day, and range from ancient Rome and Egypt to medieval London and Jerusalem, from Russian, Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires to modern Norway, Ukraine, and Spain. Going against the grain of traditional language histories, these thought-provoking case studies challenge stereotypical beliefs, foreground historic normativity of institutional multilingualism and language mixing, examine the transformation of polyglot societies into monolingual ones, and bring out the cognitive and affective dissonance in present-day orientations to multilingualism, where 'celebrations of linguistic diversity' coexist uneasily with creation of 'language police'.

"We often hear that our world "is more multilingual than ever before," but is it true? This book shatters that cliché. It is the first volume to shine the light on the millennia-long history of multilingualism as a social, institutional, and demographic phenomenon. Its fifteen chapters, written in clear, accessible language by prominent historians, classicists, and sociolinguists, span the period from the third century BC to the present day, and range from ancient Rome and Egypt to medieval London and Jerusalem, from Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires to modern Norway, Ukraine, and Spain. Going against the grain of traditional language histories, these thought-provoking case studies challenge stereotypical beliefs, foreground historic normativity of institutional multilingualism and language mixing, examine the transformation of polyglot societies into monolingual ones, and bring out the cognitive and affective dissonance in present-day orientations to multilingualism, where "celebrations of linguistic diversity" coexist uneasily with the creation of "language police.""--

Introduction -- What Is Similar and What Is Different in the Social Histories of Scots and Ukrainian? -- The Early Soviet Experience of "Ukrainization" as a Reference-point for Today's Scots Language Activists -- The Case of East Slavic Languages in Sociolinguistic Studies of Scots (a Comparative Approach) -- A Belarusian Perspective on Scots and Its Social History -- An Issue of Language Policy for the Post-Soviet Economies: the Case of Ukraine and Belarus -- A Scottish Trace in Russian Toponymy (Focus on: Two Rural Place-names) -- Hamilton-Khomutov: a Toponymic Dimension of a Russified Scottish Family name -- An Index of the Russian Place-names of "Overt" and "Covert" Scottish Origins -- An Alternative Perspective on Early Scandinavian Borrowing into Russian (Introducing Shetlandic Evidence).

How do bilinguals experience emotions? Do they perceive and express emotions similarly or differently in their respective languages? Does the first language remain forever the language of the heart? What role do emotions play in second language learning and in language attrition? Why do some writers prefer to write in their second language? In this provocative book, Pavlenko challenges the monolingual bias of modern linguistics and psychology and uses the lens of bi- and multilingualism to offer a fresh perspective on the relationship between language and emotions. Bringing together insights from the fields of linguistics, neurolinguistics, psychology, anthropology, psychoanalysis and literary theory, Pavlenko offers a comprehensive introduction to this cross-disciplinary movement. This is a highly readable and thought-provoking book that draws on empirical data and first hand accounts and offers invaluable advice for novice researchers. It will appeal to scholars and researchers across many disciplines

Розглядається можливість побудови моделі інтерпретації ментального образу світу, що відображений в давньогрецькій мові і філософії. Спростовується теза про відсутність в давньогрецькій філософії розуміння і точної диференціації психічних станів, свідомості і особистісних характеристик людини. В давньогрецькій мові різних періодів, починаючи з Гомера, присутній ретельно розроблений ментальний лексикон, який вказує на досить розвинені уявлення про внутрішній світ людини, відношення до сущого і сутності, онтичну побудову і ноематичну структуру. Очевидно, що ментальний словник не залишався і не міг залишатися незмінним протягом такого довгого часу. Можна виділити основні етапи формування лексичного складу і семантики різних понять, що дозволяє описувати внутрішні, душевні стани та процеси або, власне, ментальну картину світу людини античності. Важливою умовою такого дослідження є етимологічна, історико-культурна і герменевтична інтерпретація ментального словника давніх еллінів. Всі ці уявлення також актуалізують проблематику істини і достовірності в античній філософії, яка має безпосереднє відношення до онтологічної розмітки сущого і його відображення в давньогрецькій мові різних історичних періодів. Саме у мові філософії виробляються і закріплюються ейдоси єдиної істини та їх ментальні еквіваленти.

Розглядається давньогрецьке поняття істини щодо мови та мовних контекстів. Істина представляється як металінгвістичний контекст, який породжує численні смислові об'єкти, що функціонують як семантичні поля. Аналізується уявлення про істину як семантичну структуру у зв'язку з особливостями використання поняття ἀλήθεια в античній філософії, пропонується програма дослідження поняття істини у давньогрецькій мові. Дослідження є першим наближенням до реконструкції алетіології давньогрецької філософії класичного періоду. Для цього передбачається розглянути поняття ἀλήθεια як семантичну домінанту або наддомінанту, за якою слідують її приватні локалізації. Необхідною складовою такого дослідження є також систематизація та класифікація контекстів, у яких використовується дане поняття. Мова йде про контексти істини, або про саму істину як суму контекстів, у яких протікає життя людини. Тут істина може розглядатися, в одному випадку, як конгломерат, хаотичне поєднання розрізнених елементів або ж як система смислових зв'язків, що охоплюють різні області дискурсу, де природна мова виступає в якості першоджерела, матеріалу, мега-нарративу, вихідного для будь-якого можливого розгляду істини.

The scientific topicality. Bibliography as a specific branch of human activity is directly included in the information and communication processes of society, which requires a theoretical understanding of its role and place in the information environment. In this sense, important thing is scientific and practical substantiation of topical issues of bibliography and bibliographic processes on the pages of professional periodicals, which are powerful means of generating and disseminating new knowledge in social and professional communication. An important place in the collection is given to bibliographic issues, among which there are publications of theoretical and practical content, and with the help of their analysis the dynamics of modern bibliographic science in Ukraine can be traced.
The purpose is to perform content analysis of publications on bibliographic topics published on the pages of the leading professional publication "Visnyk of Kharkiv State Academy of Culture" to study leading directions in the development of bibliographic studies.
The methodology of the research consists in the use of methods of content analysis, generalization and bibliographic method.
The results. Content analysis, conducted on publications published in the journal, showed, that 5% of articles are devoted to the theory of bibliography, and bibliography and practical bibliographic activities, and 95% are devoted to library science.
The scientific novelty of the article consists in summarizing the thematic characteristics and main directions of research on bibliographic topics on the pages of professional collection over the past 14 years.
The practical significance. The research results contain a table with thematic headings that can be used in further research on the chosen topic.
The conclusions. Bibliographic publications on the pages of "Visnyk of Kharkiv State Academy of Culture" publication are of a theoretical nature, which indicates a certain gap between the theory and practice of bibliographic activity. The presented brief review of scientific articles allows us to trace the main trends in the development of bibliography and bibliography.

The article reveals the reasons and conditions for the transformation of the structure of physical education and sports management in Soviet society in the late 1950s within the framework of the concept of building communism in the USSR — the creation of the Union of Sports Societies and Organizations (Sport Union) of the USSR — a voluntary association that managed the physical education and sports movement with the active assistance of trade unions and the Komsomol. The main goal of the Sports Union was to give the physical education and sports movement in the USSR a mass and then a national character.
The theoretical provisions of literature of the 1960s are characterized. On the ratio of state and public principles in management under communism, the transition of individual state functions to public organizations, the strengthening of the role of public structures in communist society, etc. Estimates of modern domestic researchers of the goals and factors of changing the form of leadership in physical education and sports in Soviet society in the late 1950s are considered.
The formation of the Sports Union at the regional level is being studied in accordance with the decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR «On the Leadership of Physical Culture and Sports in the Country» of January 9, 1959 — in the Penza Region: the formation of an organizing bureau, the holding of constituent conferences, the state of the physical education and sports movement in the region in the late 1950s.

The Problem setting. Due to the rapid development of digital technologies, the issue of status settlement and the use of artificial intelligence technologies is especially relevant. This fact indicates the need and importance of finding answers to the question and aims to intensify and unite the efforts of the scientific community to address relevant issues. One of the areas of scientific research is the doctrinal development of new phenomena and processes that have arisen and are taking place in the state and legal sphere under the influence of digitalization of economics, management and law. The tasks of scientific research are to comprehend the impact of the digitization process on the state and legal sphere of society; law as such; assessment of the transformations that are taking place and identification of trends in their dynamics; forecasting the state of these phenomena in the future; formulation of fundamental and applied problems of legal science in terms of doctrinal development of the laws of development and functioning of law, state and legal sphere of society in the conditions of digital reality, determination of approaches to their solution.
Recent research and publications analysis. An analysis of recent research and publications shows that scientific research on this issue is carried out mainly within the economic, political, computer, legal sciences, although the problems and prospects of digitization of law require a deep and thorough philosophical, including philosophical and legal understanding. The rapid development of new technologies, in particular artificial intelligence technologies, the Internet of Things, cloud technologies, etc., is contributing to changes in current legislation. Today, advanced economies are already pondering the question of regulating the status and use of AI technologies. While these are only the first bold steps, in the future, all of these can affect global changes in the legal system - perhaps full-fledged comprehensive institutions of law, even the branches of law.
Paper objectiv. The purpose of this article is a philosophical and legal understanding of the impact of digitalization on the state and legal sphere of society and law as such.
Paper main body. One of the practical aspects of digitalization is the manifestation of the state's ability to provide various services. If necessary, citizens receive certificates, records, statements, responses to electronic inquiries, electronic payments. Other practical aspects, provided that these technologies are used wisely, can improve welfare in education, public safety, and health. In addition, digital imaging can also help address common global issues, such as climate change and greater access to health care and mobility.
At the same time, according to many researchers, along with the benefits of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, new types of ethical issues are being raised, namely compliance with legal ethics standards by artificial intelligence systems and justice, the most important of which are respect for human rights and democratic values. , as well as the danger of transferring prejudices from the analog to the digital world. Researchers have linked the legal challenges of using artificial intelligence technologies in legal practice to a number of issues. In particular, with such as: ensuring data confidentiality; access to confidential law enforcement information; lack of regulatory framework for the use of artificial intelligence systems in legal practice; protection of intellectual property; risk assessment of the use of artificial intelligence systems by a lawyer when working with a client; other potential problems of lawyer's liability; dangers of unauthorized access and modification of artificial intelligence systems by attackers; damage to artificial intelligence systems by malicious virus programs; violation of the terms of providing advice from artificial intelligence systems in case of technical problems, etc. Therefore, the development of systems that transparently use artificial intelligence and are responsible for their results is critical. Artificial intelligence systems must function properly and safely.
According to experts, the unresolved in Ukraine of many political and legal issues related to the rapid development of the information and communication sphere with the advent of digital technologies has become dangerous. It is obvious that the transformations in society associated with these processes require new approaches to the development of national policies for the digitalization of society, which should be based on international agreements. Due to these transformations, there is a need to develop strategic documents that will regulate this area. These documents should be flexible and designed to take into account the maximum amount of data, as well as ensure the free development of innovative technologies and prevent possible risks.
Issues of development of the digital economy and society of Ukraine do not fully meet today's conditions, not enough account is taken of the transformations that have emerged and are currently taking place both in law and in the field of legal regulation under the influence of digitalization. Digital technologies are able to change the image of law, to influence its regulatory potential and efficiency, to open the way or to block its action in new dimensions of social reality. Traditional rather than digital vision of law, legal technologies and certain types of legal activity by legislators is a consequence of the lack of relevant scientific developments that will identify and explain the impact of the digitization process on the law and the legal sphere of society. The practical need for this kind of research is now greater than ever. In order to satisfy it, scientists should intensify work in this direction.
Conclusions of the research. The new digital reality puts forward new requirements for legal science and legal practice, including the development of effective tools and models of legal regulation of various spheres of public life. In modern conditions, law becomes not only a means, a tool that provides digitalization of the economy, government and other segments of social life, but also the object of digitalization. With the development of digital technologies, the contradiction between the need for quality both in terms of form and content of regulations, as well as the ability to meet it in a short time. The task of the state is both to provide favorable conditions conducive to digitalization and to create opportunities for their implementation.