Suchergebnisse

The institution of appeal was one of the fundamental organizational principles of the Ottoman Empire – and of the core institutions of the Islamic legal system – and was based on the concept of just rule, namely of legal security and universal access to justice for all subjects of the state. The decentralization of the Ottoman Empire during the transitional period (17th to 18th century) caused a change in the relations between the center and the periphery, where the institute of appeal through grievance administration underwent an abrupt expansion, especially after 1742. This paper is, on the one hand, an attempt to analyze the expansion process of the institution of appeal along with this institution's actual role within the Ottoman legal system; on the other, the paper strives to determine the part appeals played in local proto-political struggles.

Educational results of pupils with emotional and behavioural disorders are considerably lower compared to general population and pupils with other developmental disabilities. Although the findings of numerous researches show that this category of pupils has manifold and complex educational needs, they rarely receive adequate additional support. The paper presents the current state of education of pupils with emotional and behavioural disorders. The first part discusses legal regulations related to the pupils who need additional support in the context of modern classification systems. The second part contains a review of the researches of specific characteristics of this category which may negatively affect the pupils' educational outcomes. The third part presents empirical data about the course and outcomes of education of pupils with emotional and behavioural disorders. The conclusion is that legislation changes and provision of adequate additional support are key preconditions for advancing availability and educational outcomes of pupils with emotional and behavioural disorders. ; Rezultati obrazovanja i vaspitanja učenika s emocionalnim i bihejvioralnim poremećajima znatno su slabiji u odnosu na opštu populaciju i učenike s drugim smetnjama u razvoju. Mada nalazi brojnih istraživanja pokazuju da ova kategorija učenika ima višestruke i kompleksne obrazovne potrebe, oni retko dobiju adekvatnu dodatnu podršku. U ovom radu prikazano je aktuelno stanje u obrazovanju i vaspitanju učenika s emocionalnim i bihejvioralnim poremećajima. Prvi deo rada posvećen je razmatranju postojećeg zakonskog određenja učenika kojima je potrebna dodatna podrška u kontekstu savremenih klasifikacionih sistema. Drugi deo rada sadrži pregled istraživanja o specifičnim karakteristikama ove kategorije koje mogu negativno uticati na ishode obrazovanja i vaspitanja. U trećem delu prikazani su empirijski podaci o toku i ishodima školovanja učenika s emocionalnim i bihejvioralnim poremećajima. Zaključak je da su izmene zakona i obezbeđivanje adekvatne dodatne podrške ključni preduslovi za unapređivanje dostupnosti i ishoda obrazovanja i vaspitanja za učenike s emocionalnim i bihejvioralnim poremećajima. Ključne reči: emocionalni i bihejvioralni poremećaji, zakonodavstvo, obrazovne.

Professionals in a field of social model of disability use person-first terminology, while proponents of the minority model advocate the use of identity-first terminology. However, both groups tend to avoid derogatory terms that are widely used in colloquial language. The objective of this research was to identify pejorative terms for persons with physical disability. The main method of data collection was the excerption of pejorative words related to physical disability form Serbian and Croatian slang and jargon dictionaries. The most frequent pejorative expressions refer to general characteristics of people with physical disability, limping, kyphosis and short stature. Some pejorative terms are loanwords from English, Germany, Italian, Hungarian and Turkish. Since the pejorative terms violate verbal taboos and the requirements of politically correct discourse they merit our professional attention. ; Stručnjaci u oblasti socijalnog modela ometenosti koriste termine u kojima se osoba nalazi na prvom mestu, dok se zastupnici manjinskog modela zalažu za korišćenje izraza u kojima se identitet osobe sa ometenošću stavlja na prvo mesto. Međutim, obe grupe izbegavaju upotrebu uvredljivih izraza koji su široko korišćeni u kolokvijalnom govoru. Cilj ovog istraživanja je identifikacija pejorativnih termina za označavanje osoba sa telesnom invalidnošću. Kao osnovni metod prikupljanja podataka korišćena je ekscerpcija pejorativnih termina iz srpskih i hrvatskih rečnika žargona i slenga. Najčešće korišćeni pežorativni izrazi odnose se na opšte karakteristike osoba sa telesnom invalidnošću, hramanje, kifozu i nizak rast. Neki pejorativni termini predstavljaju pozajmljenice iz engleskog, nemačkog, italijanskog, mađarskog i turskog jezika. S obzirom na to da se pejorativnim terminima krše verbalni tabui i zahtevi politički korektnog diskursa, oni zavređuju našu stručnu pažnju.

Polje interesovanja i delovanja preventivnog programa koji je u ovom radu prikazan predstavlja diskriminacija mladih sa mentalnim poremećajima. Postoje mnogi praktični načini da se radi na rešavanju problema diskriminacije - kroz reformisanje službi i institucija sistema predstavljanja anti-diskriminacionih politika i zakona, delovanjem putem medija i kroz edukativne programe u sklopu medicinskih ustanovi koje se bave ovom problematikom, za koji smo se mi odlučili. U prvom delu rada određuju se pojmovi stigme i diskriminacije i prikazuje se zastupljenost mentalnih poremećaja kod mladih. U drugom delu opisali smo pilot-program koji je realizovan u jednoj beogradskoj srednjoj školi, predstavili smo razloge za njegovo sprovođenje, način rada, kao i rezultate koje smo dobili. ; A preventive program presented in this paper is focused on discrimination of the young people with mental disorders. There are many ways to fight this form of discrimination - by reforming services and institutions of the system, recommending and passing anti-discriminatory laws and policies media campaigns, educational courses in relevant medical institutions, the last one being the area we decided to act in. In the first part of the paper the concepts of stigma and discrimination are defined and statistic data on mental disorders among young people are presented. In the second part we described a pilot program realized in a Belgrade high school, presented our reasons for our undertaking, and described the techniques we used, as well as the results we obtained.

Background/Aim. The first cases of the pandemic pH1N1 influenza virus infection was observed in the United States and Mexico in April 2009 and the first laboratory confirmed case in Serbia was registered in June 2009. The aim of this paper was to report on the investigation of the first confirmed outbreak of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza in Serbia and to describe the clinical and epidemiologic findings from this investigation. Methods. Descriptive and analytical epidemiological methods were used. Data were collected from medical records of the Military School students and epidemiological questionnaire. Pandemic H1N1 infection was initially confirmed by the RT-PCR assay in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and subsequently by the complement fixation test in serum samples. Results. The attack rate of acute respiratory illness was 70.8% (204/288). Pandemic H1N1 virus infection was confirmed in 44 of 82 tested cases of acute respiratory illness (53.7%) The most common clinical manifestations of pandemic influenza H1N1 were fever (88.6%), cough (61.4%), malaise (38.6%), runny nose (36.4%), headache (29.6%), sore throat (20.5%) and muscle pain (15.9%). Conclusion. The findings from this investigation suggest that pandemic H1N1 influenza in a high military school was widespread but did not cause severe illness. ; Uvod/Cilj. Prvi slučajevi pandemijske infekcije virusom influence pH1N1 ustanovljeni su u Americi i Meksiku u aprilu 2009. a u Srbiji prvi laboratorijski potvrđen slučaj registrovan je u junu 2009. godine. Cilj rada bio je da se prikaže istraživanje prve dokazane epidemije pandemijske influence H1N1 u Srbiji i opišu klinički i epidemiološki nalazi iz ovog istraživanja. Metode. Primenjen je deskriptivni i analitički epidemiološki metod. Izvor podataka bila je medicinska dokumentacija učenika Vojne gimnazije i epidemiološki upitnik. Infekcija pandemijskim virusom H1N1 prvo je dokazana pomoću RT-PCR u nazofaringealnim i orofaringealnim brisevima, a zatim i reakcijom vezivanja komlementa u uzorcima seruma. Rezultati. Stopa javljanja akutnog respiratornog oboljenja iznosila je 70.8% (204/288). Infekcija pandemijskim H1N1 virusom potvrđena je kod 44 od 82 testiranih slučajeva akutnog respiratornog oboljenja (53,7%). Najčešće kliničke manifestacije pandemijske influence H1N1 bile su povišena temperatura (88,6%), kašalj (61,4%), malaksalost (38,6%), rinitis (36,4%), glavobolja (29,6%), gušobolja (20,5%) i bol u mišićima (15,9%). Zaključak. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju da je pandemijska influenca H1N1 bila raširena u Vojnoj gimnaziji, ali da nije izazvala teške forme oboljenja.