Suchergebnisse

According to the prominent sociologist Henri Lefebvre, space is an instrument of power. Every state regime strives to use space for social control through various interventions. While in democratic regimes the use of public space is the result of by majority-accepted interventions, in non-democratic regimes these are power interventions usually based on ideological starting points, not generally accepted by society. On the contrary, interventions into public space are becoming one of the tools for implementing state ideology into the consciousness of society. In their research on public space, German sociologists Walter Siebel and Jan Wehrheim defi ned its four basic dimensions – legal, functional, social and material-symbolic. Interdisciplinary sociological-historical research of interventions into each of these dimensions seems to be a suitable analytical tool in understanding the relationship between public space and the state regime, the conclusions of which allow a detailed understanding of the nature of individual non-democratic (authoritarian or totalitarian) regimes typical for twentiethcentury Europe, as well as transnational ideological connections. In the article we introduce our interdisciplinary socio-historical approach on the example of the authoritarian para-fascist regime of the Slovak state (1939–1945).

A particularly understudied topic concerning the medieval city of Košice in the Hungarian kingdom is the development and size of its suburbs. Only a few historians have dealt with this issue so far, as most of the research attention has focused on the walled area. In the course of the current preparatory work on the Historical Atlas of Košice, it has therefore become necessary to explore this issue much more comprehensively than hitherto. The author of this study re-identifi es the location of individual suburban streets and adjacent religious buildings and defi nes their legal relationship to the city. Based on fragmentary tax registers, he also attempts to determine the number of taxpayers and inhabitants outside the city walls.v

This study deals with communications between the town of Bardejov and bishops in the Middle Ages. The author examines how the ecclesiastical power and authority of the bishops was demonstrated in their communications with the royal city of Bardejov. The bishops' power toward medieval towns in the Kingdom of Hungary was primarily manifested in the tithes and exemptions granted in the rights of archdeacons. In the case of Bardejov, there can be found some areas where the power of bishops of Eger (frequently represented by episcopal vicars) was demonstrated. First of all, the episcopal tithe collection caused permanent disputes between the parish priest, town representatives and the bishop. The author describes how the problems were solved and the machinery of episcopal powers in these cases. Another area of communication and the manifestation of episcopal authority was that of judicial cases between burghers, which were occasionally brought before ecclesiastical court contrary to town law. A further, greatly signifi cant manifestation of episcopal power in the area of the city was that of ecclesiastical rituals and symbolic communication. The study mentions various examples of episcopal presence in the consecration of churches, chapels, altars and liturgical dress.

Benedict Kišdy (Kisdy, Kisdi, Kischdy), bishop of Eger and an important fi gure in the recatholicization of north-eastern Hungary, is one of the most important fi gures in the history of Košice in the early modern period. Kišdy's most memorable activity was the founding of the University of Košice, which had a longterm impact on the cultural and intellectual development of the city beyond the fi rst intention of its founder, i.e. recatholicization. The present study analyses the place of Kišdy in historiography from the time of the Jesuits and the possibilities of using the biographical method in the case of Benedict Kišdy. An important role in Kišdy's life was played by his attitude towards Peter Pázmaň, Jesuits and Franciscans. The theoretical question of Kišdy's place among the most important personalities in the history of Košice is raised, which is partly answered by the still vivid commemoration and places of remembrance connected with Kišdy.

The text concentrates on the interpretation of "free time" during the initial years of the twentieth century, and the role of motor vehicles as a "means of its consumption" within leisure activities is signifi cant. However, the use of cars and motorcycles in leisure time was strictly determined by the specifi c economic and cultural conditions of interwar Czechoslovakia, particularly in the territory of Slovakia. Socio-economic barriers limited such activities to the upper and, in the case of motorcycles, middle classes. At the same time, leisure motoring was strongly linked with a novel form of tourism that was highly organized in interwar Czechoslovakia (particularly in Slovakia). Within this context, the association emerges as a recreational entity, fostering distinct connections and a collective identity. However, the process was signifi cantly infl uenced by the politicization of organised free-time activities. Examining the role of cars and motorcycles in leisure activities during the researched period, the analysis will consider the defi nitions of free time and how these vehicles were utilized in their social and cultural context, specifi cally through the example of the activities of the Autoclub Košice. The presented text draws on previously published studies and the author's monograph, as well as recent works and additional sources. Positioning this within the context of the historical-sociological discourse on leisure activities alongside the "consumption" of goods and experiences off ers novel insights into the functioning of motoring associations in Slovakia, particularly in Košice. The Autoclub Košice is identifi ed as a prominent organization that signifi cantly impacted the local rise of motor tourism, sports and general recreational tourism in the observed period.

Before the establishment of Czechoslovakia, a small community of Greek Catholics lived in Prague. Mostly they were soldiers, but after the First World War, Greek Catholic believers from the east of the republic began to move to the new metropolis and their numbers grew both in the city and in the Czech lands. Belonging to a religious denomination motivated them to associate and form a Greek Catholic parish as an offi cial branch of the church. The small community added to the colourful mosaic of the religious and cultural life of the town. This study examines the eff orts to formalize the parish and presents the involvement of local church members in religious, cultural and charitable areas. The positive development taking place between 1918 and 1938 was disrupted by political changes in the Central European area. The consequences of the rise of Nazism and Communism, which marked the lives of both priests and individual believers, are illustrated through the example of a small community. Their fates are intertwined with those of the Czechoslovak Republic and the Greek Catholic Church.

The term money currently refers to various modifications of the money forms, which historically have undergone their process of development. Applying the analytical, comparative, and historical method, the present article aims to identify the essential developmental aspects of the institution of money (term's content, functions, role, appearance/forms, interactions, legal aspects) in the context of their operation in the economic system with a pro futuro view focusing on the territory of Slovakia. The authors studied and analysed information from domestic and foreign sources, paying particular attention to the historical development of the form of money and currency formation predominantly in Slovakia. The authors conclude that today's money has lost its historical fundamental economic properties and raise the question whether it is only its other dimensions (psychological, political, technological, and others) that have prevailed.

The paper deals with the legal requirements for the procedure of local self-government entities (municipalities, cities) and state administration bodies at the local level in case of detection of illegally placed waste. The article also outlines how the person responsible for illegal dumping is identified, what is done if such a person is not identified and how those who have placed waste in black dumps can be punished. The author also points out in this paper the application problems in the application of the legal procedure for dealing with illegally placed waste, the lack of definition of competences between the subjects of local self-government and state administration bodies, as well as proposes certain changes to the legal regulation, which would be possible to eliminate the alleged application problems.