Suchergebnisse

Este artículo realiza un homenaje al trabajo de Juan Noyola Vázquez, reconocido economista mexicano. Examina su trayectoria como académico e investigador innovador y comprometido, así como el legado que ha dejado en la teoría económica latinoamericana. En particular, aborda las aportaciones de Noyola respecto del estudio sobre la inflación y las confrontaciones teóricas en relación con el tema entre el estructuralismo y el monetarismo, así como la participación del economista en la Revolución cubana.

Berrú P1. Bio economic analysis of the fishery Tagelus dombeii (razor clams) from the natural bank El Dorado, Ancash region. E. Oliver2 assessor. 108 p. 2016. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. The aim of this study was to characterize through bio-economic indicators the fishery of razor clam "Tagelus dombeii" proceeding from the natural bank El Dorado, Samanco Bay, in the Ancash region, between November 2013 and October 2014. Information was gathered for the analysis of the biology, fishery, investment costs and operation, target resource prices; obtaining as well information for the social characterization. To that end, surveys and daily log sheets were applied by the artisanal fishermen themselves and a technician of the Peruvian Institute of the Sea (IMARPE). The cash flow structure according to incomes and expenses, allowed the measure of its profitability through indicators such as net actual value (VAN), internal rate of return (TIR), benefit/cost (B/C), profitability index (IR), discounted recovery period (PRD) and breaking point (PQ); which allowed for economic evaluations of an input project to fishery under future diverse scenarios (changes in operating expenses, resource prices, fishing effort and extraction level). The annual disembarkation of razor clam was 260,7 ton, with monthly variations from 13 to 33 tons and an effort from 900 to 2 263 hours diving/month (17 815 hours during the year of study). The investment costs were 21 114 soles, of which the hull of the boat and the outboard motor represented 42,1 % and 32,9 % respectively; whereas the operation costs were 72 soles corresponding to daily transportation (48,6 %), fuel (37,5 %) and lubricants (13,9 %). The economic benefits were moderately profitable for the artisanal fishermen that were at the same time, the owners of the boats and, no profitable, for those that were not the owners of the boats. In order to maintain healthy stock razor clam and allow its sustainability over time, it was proposed the co-management as a tool of shared responsibility between the government and the fishermen, with the purpose of maintaining a balanced fishing pressure over the resource. ; Berrú P1. Análisis bio económico de la Pesquería de Tagelus dombeii (navajuela) procedente del banco natural el Dorado, región Ancash. Asesor E. Oliver2. 108 p. 2016. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar mediante indicadores bioeconómicos la pesquería de navajuela "Tagelus dombeii" procedente del banco natural El Dorado, bahía de Samanco, región Ancash entre noviembre del 2013 y octubre del 2014. Se recopiló información para el análisis de la biología, pesquería, costos de inversión y operación, precios del recurso objetivo; obteniéndose además información para la caracterización social. Para ello se emplearon encuestas y fichas de registros diarios aplicadas por los propios pescadores artesanales y por un técnico del Instituto del Mar del Perú. La estructura del flujo de caja en función a los ingresos y egresos, permitió determinar su rentabilidad mediante indicadores como el valor actual neto (VAN), la tasa interna de retorno (TIR), beneficio/costo (B/C), índice de rentabilidad (IR), periodo de recuperación descontado (PRD) y punto de quiebre (PQ); lo que permitió hacer evaluaciones económicas de un proyecto de entrada a la pesquería bajo distintos escenarios futuros (cambios en los gastos operativos, precios del recurso, esfuerzo pesquero y niveles de extracción). El desembarque anual de navajuela fue de 260,7 ton, con variaciones mensuales de 13 a 33 ton y un esfuerzo de 900 a 2 263 horas buceo/mes (17 815 horas durante el año de estudio). Los costos de inversión fueron de 21 114 soles, de los cuales el valor del casco de la embarcación y el motor fuera de borda representaron el 42,1% y 32,9% respectivamente; mientras los costos de operación fueron de 72 soles, correspondiendo al transporte diario (48,6%), combustible (37,5%) y lubricantes (13,9%). Los beneficios económicos fueron moderadamente rentables para los pescadores artesanales que fueron al mismo tiempo propietarios de las embarcaciones y, no rentables, para los pescadores que no fueron propietarios de las embarcaciones. A efectos de mantener saludable el stock de navajuela y permitir su sostenibilidad en el tiempo, se propuso el co-manejo como una herramienta de responsabilidad compartida entre el gobierno y los pescadores, con el fin de mantener una presión de pesca equilibrada sobre el recurso.

Abstract
Chemical compounds produced by humans are continuously reaching the environment. In this work, we characterised the expression patterns of important endocrine-related genes involved in the ecdysone pathway in the fourth larval instar of the model species Chironomus riparius after exposure to three chemicals: ethinyl oestradiol (EE), nonylphenol (NP) and bis(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO). We used real-time PCR to analyse the gene expression levels of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp), two genes that encode the dimerising partners of the functional ecdysone receptor; the orphan receptor ERR (oestrogen-related receptor), with an unknown function in invertebrates; and E74, an early response gene induced by ecdysteroids. We estimated the bioaccumulation potential, bioavailability and physicochemical properties of these chemicals, together with a number of other exogenous agents known to interfere with the hormonal system. We also provide a review of previous transcriptional studies showing the effect of all these chemicals on ecdysone cascade genes. This analysis provides useful data for future ecotoxicological studies involving invertebrate species.

Capsule
Changes in transcriptional activities of EcR, E74, usp and ERR genes after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals would be useful as molecular bioindicators of endocrine disruption in Chironomus riparius.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Processo FAPESP: N° 408968/2013-3 CNPq ; Marine biotechnology is an emerging field in Brazil and includes the exploration of marine microbial products, aquaculture, omics, isolation of biologically active compounds, identification of biosynthetic gene clusters from symbiotic microorganisms, investigation of invertebrate diseases caused by potentially pathogenic marine microbes, and development of antifouling compounds. Furthermore, the field also encompasses description of new biological niches, current threats, preservation strategies as well as its biotechnological potential. Finally, it is important to depict some of the major approaches and tools being employed to such end. To address the challenges of marine biotechnology, the Brazilian government, through the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Communication, has established the National Research Network in Marine Biotechnology (BiotecMar) (www.biotecmar.sage.coppe.ufrj.br). Its main objective is to harness marine biodiversity and develop the marine bioeconomy through innovative research.