Suchergebnisse

El sector de la confección atraviesa por un momento importante desde que comenzó a cobrar importancia en la región centroamericana y, particularmente, en Guatemala. Tras quince años de expansión y crecimiento de la actividad maquiladora en el país, surgen ciertos elementos tanto internos como externos al propio sector que plantean algunos interrogantes sobre la evolución futura de esta industria en Guatemala. En este contexto, surge la necesidad de elaborar una investigación que profundice en los elementos más significativos para la comprensión del dinamismo actual experimentado por el sector. Uno de los aspectos que viene protagonizando esta evolución es la importancia creciente de la producción de paquete completo. Dadas las implicaciones socioeconómicas de dicho cambio (empleo, valor ag

The commodity boom at the turn of the millennium spawned growing interest in development strategies based on natural resources. The Brazilian government introduced a groundbreaking contractual clause to force oil companies to invest into research and development (R&D) 1% of gross revenues from large oilfields, with the aim of fostering technological development. To analyze the impacts of the R&D clause, we conducted 73 in-depth interviews with key informants from the oil sector. We also carried out a survey of 156 project coordinators. Our findings suggest that the R&D clause has strengthened the contribution to technological development by the national oil company, meanwhile involving new actors. The R&D clause has also boosted scientific research, technological capabilities, and innovation. However, it had a minor impact on fostering the relations between oil companies and service companies, and technology-based firms have played only a minor role.

The organizational characteristics of production in the European automotive industry have favoured a high degree of fragmentation and productive mobility. This article analyses the differing national positions of automotive producing countries and their export patterns – particularly their export reorientation to extra-European Union markets following the collapse of regional demand in the European automotive industry. Based on the methodologies of Mahutga and Piana, our position analysis arrives at two main conclusions: (i) the countries best positioned in the European regional automotive production network are precisely those that have experienced a greater increase in extra-European Union exports, thus reducing their dependence on regional European demand; (ii) the increase in extra-European Union exports (mainly of final goods) is linked to increased regional fragmentation of production in the automotive industry. We conclude that the governance of this fragmentation process is a key determinant of extra-European Union export competitiveness.