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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Tables and Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- List of Acronyms -- Introduction: Persistent Arms Dilemmas -- 1 Global Arms Proliferation: Past and Present -- Historical Patterns in the Spread of Arms and Arms Technology -- Today's Arms Supply System -- Emerging Trends in Arm sSupply -- Conclusion -- 2 The Impetus to Manufacture and Acquire Arms -- The Arms Makers and Suppliers -- Bureaucracies and Arms Development -- The Security and Welfare Imperatives -- The Rise of Ne wArms Producers -- Conclusion -- 3 Arms Transfers and World Politics -- To Sell or Not to Sell? -- The Black and Gray Arms Markets -- Arms Transfers and Conflict -- Conclusion -- 4 Controlling the Spread of Arms -- The Emergence of Arm sControl -- Challenges and Requirements for General Arms Control -- Prospects for Limits on the Spread of Weapons -- Conclusion -- 5 Conclusion: Can the Dilemmas Be Resolved? -- A Glimpse at the Future of Weaponry -- Dilemmas and the Changing International System -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Discussion Questions -- Notes -- Suggested Readings -- Glossary -- About the Book and Author -- Books in This Series -- Index

AbstractRegardless of the types of civil conflict settlements, all parties generally enter into some sorts of tacit or direct bargaining in the course of civil conflict, namely, in steps toward peace. In contrast to a basically static framework employed in much of existing literature on civil war settlements and mediation, this article proposes a disaggregate approach to dynamic and multi-phase processes in civil conflict termination via negotiations. We illustrate a conceptual and theoretical framework to examine four steps in civil conflict settlements in a large-N research program. In so doing, we present an initial effort to construct a dyadic dataset isolating processes that allow civil conflict settlements to progress or regress between low and higher levels of agreement in the Asia-Pacific region from 1990 to 2005. We discuss a set of preliminary simple statistical results for the four distinct settlement phases in the context of conflict and rebel characteristics. Among the findings of note, third parties provide important assistance in nurturing successful negotiations especially in the context of waning insurgent strength. Peace proposals originate most frequently from governments, and seem to hinge especially on opponents' battlefield advantages. Evidence of mutually hurting stalemates is also found. In the article's conclusion we elaborate a long-term research agenda.

In this introduction to the special issue, the various dimensions of approaches to conflict resolution in identity disputes are explored. The implementation of existing peace accords in countries troubled by domestic fighting turns out to be a knottier policy problem than expected and subject to lingering distrust and miscommunication. The role of two sets of factors in bringing about agreement and/or implementation is explored: grass-roots versus elite initiatives and the identity versus instrumental nature of the negotiations. Factors such as the degree of preliminary dialogue and pre-bargaining, the involvement of officials versus civic representatives, concern about fear and distrust may be weighed against the more usual calculations of power balances, exhaustion, and stalemate in accounting for peaceful settlements. The interplay between these categories has a great deal to do with the prospects and outcomes of conflict management approaches and is the subject of the articles to follow. The studies were designed to test, utilizing a comparative case-study framework, which dimension, if any, turns out to be most influential in a series of local violent ethnopolitical disputes. Findings, while varied, point to the importance of grass-roots participation in the negotiation process.

Explores various approaches to peace negotiation between parties engaged in ethnic conflicts; comparative case studies addressing "instrumental" versus identity issues and elite versus mass participation; 7 articles. Cyprus, Northern Ireland, Guyana, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and South Africa; "instrumental" issues are problems related to access to power and resources; identity issues concern group status, culture, and belief.