Suchergebnisse

A partir de 2007, um dos maiores empreendimentos portuários do estado do Rio de Janeiro, o Porto do Açu, foi implantado no 50 Distrito do município de São João da Barra. Para a construção de suas megaestruturas, extensas áreas de restinga foram suprimidas e um amplo processo de desapropriação de terras pertencentes a agricultores familiares foi conduzido pelo governo fluminense. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a percepção dos agricultores familiares que habitam o entorno do território para entender suas inter-relações com o meio ambiente onde o Porto do Açu foi instalado, antes e após a chegada deste empreendimento. A partir de uma amostra aleatória de agricultores, a coleta de dados foi realizada com um questionário semiestruturado que foi construído para identificar as interferências positivas e negativas do Porto do Açu no 50 Distrito e nos sistemas agrícolas familiares que existiam em seu interior. Duas localidades foram escolhidas para a composição da amostra: Água Preta e Mato Escuro. A aplicação dos questionários ocorreu entre Maio e Agosto de 2019 com um total de 105 agricultores (65 em Água Preta e 40 em Mato Escuro). Os resultados mostraram que os agricultores consideram que o Porto do Açu interferiu diretamente na sua sustentabilidade social, econômica e ambiental. Os principais impactos ambientais e econômicos elencados pelos agricultores foram: a salinização das águas utilizadas para irrigação de suas plantações e o processo de desapropriação de suas terras. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, além de afetar a dinâmica dos ecossistemas costeiros são-joanenses, dentre eles, restinga e lagoas, o modelo de desenvolvimento econômico adotado pelo Porto do Açu alterou a qualidade de vida destes agricultores e interferiu nas suas áreas agrícolas, afetando diretamente a sua reprodução social.

Ground was first broken in 2007 for the Açu Port, one of the largest port projects in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the Fifth District of São João da Barra. Construction of its megastructures involved the clearing of extensive areas of restinga and the execution of a broad process of family-owned farmland expropriation by the Rio de Janeiro government. The objective of this study is to evaluate local family farmers' perceptions of change as a means to understand their interrelationship with the environment before and after the installation of the Açu Port. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that was designed to identify the positive and negative interventions related to the Açu Port in the Fifth District and local family farming systems. Two locations were selected for the sampling: Água Preta and Mato Escuro. Questionnaires were applied between May and August 2019 and a total of 105 farmers (65 in Água Preta and 40 in Mato Escuro) were enrolled in the study. The results show that local farmers believed the installation of the Açu Port directly interfered in their social, economic and environmental well-being. The main environmental and economic impacts listed by the farmers were: salinization of water used for irrigation of their plantations and the process of expropriation of their lands. The results obtained demonstrate that in addition to affecting the dynamics of São João da Barra coastal ecosystems, including the restinga and lagoons, the economic development model adopted by the Açu Port has affected the quality of life of these farmers, interfered with their agricultural areas and directly affected their social reproduction. ; A partir de 2007, um dos maiores empreendimentos portuários do estado do Rio de Janeiro, o Porto do Açu, foi implantado no 50 Distrito do município de São João da Barra. Para a construção de suas megaestruturas, extensas áreas de restinga foram suprimidas e um amplo processo de desapropriação de terras pertencentes a agricultores familiares foi conduzido ...

The present article presents a critical review of the research related to the question of environmental licensing. This article has the objective of analyzing the main aspects of Brazilian scientific production around environmental licensing focused on the exploration of ornamental rocks, a sector that is little studied, despite causing great socio-environmental impacts. The research is justified to the extent that the study of academic production in graduate programs can elucidate the level of depth of the quest for environmental licensing has in graduate programs. The study was developed in the realization of a bibliographical survey in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of CAPES no more than September 2021, using two search terms: "Environmental License" and "Rocha". This survey identified a total of 66 papers that encompass productions carried out at the academic, professional and doctorate level. From this list of academic works, tables and graphs were used for the analysis of the two contents found. With this, it was possible to identify the topics addressed in the identified studies, or that made it possible to conduct an analytical effort of a qualitative nature about the different dimensions that govern the process of environmental licensing and its main bottlenecks. An important factor is that it was verified that despite two studies focused on environmental licensing, they will be marked by an interdisciplinary effort, or the final result ends up favoring a fragmented treatment of the problem. Finally, based on two results, it is possible to affirm that the environmental licensing process continues to be permeated by conceptual and practical limitations, or that it ends up compromising its effectiveness in terms of socio-environmental protection in Brazil.

The Zumbi dos Palmares land reform settlement lacks modern facilities for water and sewage treatment. Local farmers often use shallow wells as alternative source of water supply, because the water table is reasonably high in the region. This work presents a multivariate analysis assessment of physicochemical and bacteriological parameters and pesticide residues in water samples collected from these shallow wells. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were: conductivity, pH, DOC (dissolved organic carbon), nitrate, turbidity, and bacteriological analysis measuring total and fecal coliforms. The results show non-compliance with Brazilian legal standards in most samples where low pH values were found, characterizing the presence of acidic waters. Another example of non-compliance is the presence of total and fecal coliforms in for drinking water in most of the samples and, in some cases, very high values (2,400 CFU). Some wells showed high conductivity values, probably associated with a history of oceanic intrusion. Analyses determining the contamination by pesticides show the presence of ametrine, atrazine, methyl parathion, carbaryl and hexazinone. The concentration for these compounds ranged from 0.14 to 1.17 μg/L. Ordinance No 2914/2011 from the Brazilian Ministry of Health establishes the acceptable limits for atrazine and methyl parathion as 9 μg L(−1) and 2 μg L(−1). None of these exceeded the allowable Brazilian and European limits. However, for the other two pesticides, the European Legislation (Council Directive) recommends the maximum allowable concentration of 0.1 μg L(−1) and, 0.5 μg L(−1) for total pesticides. Our samples that were above the quantifiable limit of 50 ng L(−1), were also above the European limit values. Our results therefore suggest that water gathered from shallow wells at the Zumbi dos Palmares settlement is not proper for consumption without proper disinfection treatments.