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ONE ASSUMPTION OF KEY'S "REWARD-PUNISHMENT" THEORY THAT HAS ATTRACTED COMPARATIVELY LITTLE ATTENTION IS THAT VOTERS HOLD THE INCUMBENT PARTY RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL MANNER OF ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS. A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE SURVEY LITERATURE IN ECONOMIC VOTING INDICATES THAT THIS ASSUMPTION IS IN NEED OF REVISION. THE HANDFUL OF EXISTING STUDIES IN POLITICAL SCIENCE ON RESPONSIBILITY ATTRIBUTION SUFFERS FROM A LACK OF CONCEPTUAL CLARITY AND A FAILURE TO DEVELOP A THEORY OF THE ATTRIBUTION PROCESS. THIS PAPER OUTLINES A MODEL OF ECONOMIC VOTING IN WHICH PEOPLE ACT AS INTUITIVE JURORS USING VARIOUS DECISION RULES TO EVALUATE THE EVIDENCE SURROUNDING THE PRESIDENT'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. THE GENERALIZABILITY OF THE FRAMEWORK AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ARE DISCUSSED

Past studies have found evidence of a connection between race & crime in the minds of many white Americans, but several gaps remain in our knowledge of this association. Here, a multimethod approach was used to examine more closely the racial component of whites' support for ostensibly race-neutral crime policies. Conventional correlational analysis showed that negative stereotypes of African Americans -- specifically, the belief that blacks are violent & lazy -- are an important source of support for punitive policies such as the death penalty & longer prison terms. A survey experiment further showed that negative evaluations of black prisoners are much more strongly tied to support for punitive policies than are negative evaluations of white prisoners. These findings suggest that when many whites think of punitive crime policies to deal with violent offenders, they are thinking of black offenders. 2 Tables, 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

THIS ARTICLE USES NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES PANEL DATA TO INVESTIGATE PRESIDENTIAL SUPPORT BOTH BEFORE AND AFTER THE MAJOR REVELATIONS IN THE IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR TO DETERMINE THE REASONS BEHIND THE EROSION OF PRESIDENT REAGAN'S SUPPORT BASE AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUALS WHO DID, AND DID NOT, ADJUST THEIR VIES OF THE PRESIDENT SUBSEQUENT TO THE REVELATIONS, IT FINDS THAT HIS PERFORMANCE WAS MOST SERIOUSLY QUESTIONED BY THOSE DISAPPROVING OF HIS CENTRAL AMERICAN POLICY.