Suchergebnisse

While oceans are vast, they represent a fragile resource that must be protected if we want to protect our livelihoods and our planet. Marine pollution has been a topic of concern for a long time, and it has recently attracted the attention of scientists, environmentalists, economists, politicians and journalists in mainstream media, . Besides providing food, transportation routes and other resources, the oceans serve as a heat absorbing sink which offsets the extreme heating effects of climate change, but only to a limited degree. Pollution in marine environments such as the oceans, poses a threat to coastal communities by affecting the fauna and flora in the environment and the health of the nearby population. This has a disruptive effect on the health and economy of these communities. Marine Pollution: Current Status, Impacts and Remedies emphasizes the limitations of marine resources that relevant environments provide. Readers will find chapters on methods to assess pollution as well as important information for identifying, measuring, and remediating various pollutants. The book also covers some known pollutants (heavy metals, organic pollutants, microplastics) and ways to manage these substances. Other issues covered in the book include problems caused by invasive species, and the ecological problems caused by pollutants which affect local fauna and flora. This book will prove to be a useful resource for students, researchers, and policymakers, who are working in environmental science, marine conservation and allied fields.

Part I. Introduction -- An Introduction to Reservoir Ecotoxicology -- Part II. Environmental Characteristics in Reservoir Ecosystems -- Characterization of Reservoir Ecosystem -- Main Sources and Distribution of Pollutants in the Reservoir -- Migration and Transformation of Pollutants in the Reservoir -- Harmful Algal Bloom in the Reservoir -- Microplastics Pollution in the Reservoir: Occurrence, Extraction, and Characterization -- Distribution of Microorganisms in the Reservoir -- Part III. Study Methods of Ecotoxicology in the Reservoir -- Ecotoxicity Test Methods of Primary Producers in the Reservoir -- Ecotoxicology Methods of Reservoir Water Using Invertebrates -- Ecotoxicology Methods of Reservoir Water Using Fish -- Ecotoxicology Methodology of Sediment Toxicity in the Reservoir -- Mesocosm Study in the Reservoir Ecosystem -- Part IV. Ecotoxicological Effects and Mechanism of Pollutants in the Reservoir -- Molecular Toxicity Mechanism of Heavy Metals in the Reservoir -- Molecular Toxicity Mechanism of Persistent Organic Pollutants (Pops) in the Reservoir -- Molecular Toxicity Mechanism of Microplastics in the Reservoir -- Molecular Toxicity Mechanism of Plasticizers in the Reservoir -- Molecular Toxicity Mechanism of PPCPs in the Reservoir -- Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) of Pollutants in the Reservoir -- Invasive Alien Species Problem in the Reservoir -- Part V. Conclusions -- Final Thoughts and Concluding Remarks.

Abstract
Background
Pollution by marine plastic debris becomes an increasing global concern. Characteristics of petroleum-based plastics pollution and its absorbed metals in Marina Beach, Chennai, in India are not reported yet. In this study, we first characterized the petroleum-based plastic debris and quantified the concentration of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) in plastics from the Marina Beach.

Results
A total of 2275 samples of the sediments were collected from three different locations across the Marina Beach. Our results showed that plastics debris mainly were three shapes as fiber, sphere, and fragment. The plastic fragments were mechanically eroded and chemically weathered observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Five types of polymers were identified, including low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), and polycarbonate (PC). Their absorbed trace metals, such as Cr, As, Pb, and Cu, were determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The level of As was high in most plastics. However, the highest levels of Pb, Cu, and Cr were in the PA, PP, and PA, respectively, implying the adsorption preference of plastics from different sources.

Conclusion
Taken together, this study first characterized petroleum-based plastics and their absorbed trace metals in the sediments of the Marina Beach, indicating that petroleum-based plastics acted as the vectors for the transportation of metal elements in the marine biome.