Suchergebnisse

Introduction. In the European Union three different health systems could be defined according to service delivery, financing, and economic policies: Beveridge, Bismarck and Mixed system. Although health systems are hardly to compare, various organizations are developing methods assessing performance. In the present work we evaluated the performance of the three systems using European Community Health Indicators according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.Methods. We conducted our study among the 28 states of the European Union using the following indicators: Standardized death rate for diseases of the circulatory system, standardized death rate for malignant neoplasms, road traffic accidents with injury, life expectancy at birth, incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), infant deaths, pure alcohol consumption, infants vaccinated against Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (DTP), public and total expenditure on health over the period 2001-2010.Results. The variation of health indicators shows similar trend of circulatory system diseases and malignant neoplasms death rates, road accidents with injury, infant deaths, life expectancy at birth, public and total health expenditure. Some differences in the trend of HIV incidence, alcohol intake and DTP vaccination rates arise among systems. Grouping countries by health system paradigm and geographical area, resulted in a relevant heterogeneity (I2≥90%, Pvalue<0.0001). No clear superiority of a given health delivery system was found with respect to other paradigms.Conclusion. In accordance with the evidence of our study, we can suppose that best performances are more likely to be linked to country specific economic factors. In conclusion, it was not possible to identify the best health system model.

Introduction In many European countries, Public Health (PH) and Preventive Medicine are not perceived as important tools 1 2.The general population, especially those working in non-healthcare related fields, underestimates the crucial role of PH policies as food & veterinary safety, energy efficiency, transport regulation, healthcare design and city planning 3-8. The Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach is instrumental in tackling this information gap 9 10. Originally conceived in the EU, HiAP is now included in WHO's Sustainable Development Goals. In the US, in 2018, the Association of Schools & Programs of Public Health (ASPPH) launched an international campaign called "This is Public Health" (TIPH), whose aim was "to brand public health and raise awareness of how [it] affects individuals, families, communities, and populations" 11. The Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) responded by creating a European campaign to reproduce the American one. An open challenge was set, in which PH Schools – students and staff – were requested to formulate country-specific proposals. The Accademia Lombarda di Sanità Pubblica, coordinating the Schools and Programs of PH of Vita-Salute "San Raffaele" University, Milan, University of Parma, University of Pavia and Politecnico of Milan set up a proposal to increase PH awareness both in the general population and in healthcare workers. Materials and methods The preliminary phase was dedicated to the Project setup and was conducted by the ten new Residents of the Vita-Salute "San Raffaele" University, with the coordination and supervision of the PI and the Schools' Directors. The working group extensively discussed the need for an appropriate translation of the catchphrase and a new graphic rendering of the TIPH logo. An agreement was finally reached to adapt all the elements of the Campaign, re-elaborating them according to the Italian context. The word "health" has a double meaning in Italian ("salute" and "sanità"). Furthermore, people with limited English proficiency are a large part of the target population. Therefore, the Group opted for a non-literal translation ("Per la salute di tutti"). To further boost the Campaign online, the group created "TIPH – Italy" accounts and pages on the main social media (i.e. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram). Subsequently, the PI assigned tasks to each of the team's members from the various PH Schools involved. The operational phase is currently underway, and a series of activities are already in schedule. All laws and resolutions enacted by local governments (Lombardy Region and, in a future phase, Emilia Romagna Region) are being thoroughly analysed, to assess their direct or indirect PH impact. Spreading the project will be a key for its success. In the next months, multiple promotional events will be organised, addressing both operators and the public at large. Surveys will be administered before and after the events, both to assess baseline knowledge and attitudes towards PH initiatives, and to verify the interventions' effectiveness in raising awareness. Running a social media photo contest will be a useful option for targeting younger age groups, following in the steps of the US campaign. Side events will be organised, such as congress, meeting, press conferences, with the purpose of giving the latest updates about the Campaign. Conclusions Italy is a challenging country. A fairly strong National Health Service, with plenty of positive health indicators, coexist with impressive inequalities and contradictions, both in the North-South and in the rich-poor axis. In light of this scenario, stronger recognition of the role and the importance of PH is essential. PH awareness is ultimately directed at informing policymaking and improving community health 12. While the potential impact of TIPH in Italy is still to be fully explored, the basis for its potential success can only lie in the delivery of a culturally appropriate message. TIPH Italy is a wonderful opportunity of making PH accessible to the general population in an effective, yet entertaining way.

Introduzione L'Accademia Lombarda di Sanità Pubblica (ALSP), Associazione no-profit fondata nel 2017, ha come obiettivo quello di promuovere il progresso in Sanità Pubblica (SP) attraverso il coinvolgimento di studiosi impegnati a vario titolo nei molteplici ambiti della SP come quello dell'igiene, dell'epidemiologia, della prevenzione, dell'ambiente, della direzione sanitarie, dell'edilizia sanitaria, del management, del diritto e dell'economia sanitaria. A tale scopo l'Accademia ha promosso, all'inizio del 2019, l'iniziativa Academy of Young Leader in Public Health (AYLPH). Si tratta di un percorso didattico-scientifico di un anno rivolto a 10 giovani con background formativo differente, fortemente motivati a sviluppare competenze di leadership in SP e già avviati a carriere professionali e di ricerca. Metodi Questo percorso formativo per i 10 giovani, selezionati con bando competitivo aperto ai soci, basa il suo metodo didattico-formativo su incontri con riconosciuti leader nazionali e internazionali di SP; visite a istituzioni; collaborazione a progetti di ricerca; training specifico sulla scrittura di lavori scientifici; opportunità di partecipare a convegni nazionali internazionali e a corsi brevi ad hoc. Risultati A metà programma, le attività condotte sono state: esperienza di team building in località montana; incontro con alcune importanti figure impegnate, a vari livelli, nella sanità pubblica come l'ex Ministro della salute Beatrice Lorenzin, l'Editor-in-chief della rivista European Journal of Public Health Peter Allebeck, il Presidente EUPHA Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat oltre ai past-Presidenti EUPHA Walter Ricciardi e Martin Mc Kee. Ha fatto seguito un corso intensivo sulle revisioni sistematiche che ha visto l'attivazione di 6 gruppi di ricerca coinvolti in altrettanti progetti di revisione sistematica della letteratura. Ulteriori attività sono state: la partecipazione all'Assemblea Generale dell'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, la partecipazione al Deans' and Directos' Retreat dell'ASPHER e al Congresso Americano di Sanità Pubblica (APHA). Sono in programma anche un corso di Public speaking, presso l'Università di Pisa ed alcuni incontri ad hoc. Conclusioni Nel contesto attuale, in cui la salute delle persone è minata da un senso di sfiducia nei confronti delle Istituzioni, dalla mancata equità nell'accesso alle cure e da stili di vita scorretti, la SP ha necessità di formare nuovi leaders in grado di promuovere valori e guidare al cambiamento individuale, organizzativo e politico. La AYLPH rappresenta un'occasione formativa di alto livello per giovani professionisti interessati a conoscere e attuare strategie di leadership in SP.

This paper outlines the characteristics of scientific leadership and the role of Scientific Associations with their specific activities. The recent activities of the Lombard Academy of Public Health are subsequently described, including the creation, in 2019, of the Academy of young leaders in public health. Comparing to other sectors, scientific leadership dynamics take into consideration different aspects. Besides awards (Nobel Prize or several other) and prestigious affiliations, eventual indicators might be academic roles, fundraising abilities, relevant positions among scientific associations, editors of prestigious journals or editorial series and, more recently, high bibliometric indicators. The peculiar topics of public health encompass interactions with institutions, authorities, politicians, involved in different levels in health policies. Recently, in Italy, the Ministry of Health has identified parameters to be accreditated as a scientific and technical association. The role of SItI (Italian Society of Hygiene), EUPHA, ASPHER, and WFPHA appears relevant in PH, in national and international contexts, with Italian praiseworthy members constantly achieving leading roles. Considering that few training opportunities aimed to improve research and leadership skills are available, Accademia Lombarda di Sanità Pubblica (ALSP) designed the AYLPH (Academy of Young Leaders in Public Health) program. AYLPH program is a 1-year training to shape leadership skills among young professionals. A set of didactic, theoretical and practical methods was offered and evaluated.

Background. L'Accademia Lombarda di Sanità Pubblica (ALSP), Associazione no-profit fondata nel 2017, ha come obiettivo quello di promuovere il progresso in Sanità Pubblica (SP) attraverso il coinvolgimento di studiosi impegnati a vario titolo nei molteplici ambiti della SP come quello dell'igiene, dell'epidemiologia, della prevenzione, dell'ambiente, della direzione sanitarie, dell'edilizia sanitaria, del management, del diritto e dell'economia sanitaria. A tale scopo l'Accademia ha promosso, per il corrente anno 2019, l'iniziativa Academy of Young Leader in Public Health (AYLPH). È un percorso didattico-scientifico, teorico-pratico, di un anno rivolto a giovani con background formativo differente, fortemente motivati a sviluppare competenze di leadership in Public Health e già avviati a carriere professionali e di ricerca. Metodi. Il metodo didattico formativo si è basato su: incontri con riconosciuti leader nazionali e internazionali di Public Health, collaborazione a progetti di ricerca, elaborazione di programmi sperimentali su Indicatori di Qualità in Sanità e sul Piano Nazionale Esiti (PNE), scrittura di lavori scientifici in materia di Health Management e di Igiene e Sanità Pubblica. I membri AYLPH, suddivisi in cinque sottogruppi, hanno elaborato 5 revisioni sistematiche aventi oggetto "Volumi ed esiti", "Inceneritori e Salute", "Attività fisica e Depressione", "Vaccinologia", "Data mining per Risk Management". Risultati. Una pubblicazione di rilievo internazionale, 5 revisioni sistematiche, una cerimonia conclusiva e un Team di giovani promettenti. Alla luce di questa brillante esperienza, l'Accademia Lombarda di Sanità Pubblica promuove per il prossimo 2020 percorsi formativi di giovani leaders in Sanità Pubblica con la realizzazione di campagne di comunicazione in Sanità, progetti integrati di edilizia sanitaria applicata alla riorganizzazione dell'Ospedale per Intensità di Cure, progetti "Lean" e di miglioramento della performance clinica e organizzativa, programmi di riduzione del rischio con applicazione degli standard Joint Commission International. Discussione. Nel contesto attuale di carenza di medici specialisti nelle strutture SSN, incluse le private accreditate, è fondamentale la formazione del giovane medico in formazione specialistica che, già nel corso dell'ultimo anno di specializzazione, ai sensi del comma 547 della legge n.145/2018, cosi come modificato dalla Legge n. 60/2019, è ammesso a partecipare ai concorsi pubblici per Dirigente Medico della disciplina inerente il Corso di Specializzazione e dunque ad entrare precocemente nel difficile e sempre più esigente mondo del lavoro. L'ALSP vuole formare giovani leaders in Sanità Pubblica offrendo loro competenze multidisciplinari, all'avanguardia in relazione allo sviluppo tecnologico, igienico-sanitarie, strategiche e gestionali necessarie per implementare nuovi modelli organizzativi. Mission. L'ALSP ha necessità di promuovere valori e guidare i giovani leaders al cambiamento individuale, organizzativo e politico. La AYLPH rappresenta un'occasione formativa di alto livello per giovani professionisti interessati a conoscere e attuare strategie di leadership in Sanità Pubblica.

This paper outlines the characteristics of scientific leadership and the role of Scientific Associations with their specific activities. The recent activities of the Lombard Academy of Public Health are subsequently described, including the creation, in 2019, of the Academy of young leaders in public health. Comparing to other sectors, scientific leadership dynamics take into consideration different aspects. Besides awards (Nobel Prize or several other) and prestigious affiliations, eventual indicators might be academic roles, fundraising abilities, relevant positions among scientific associations, editors of prestigious journals or editorial series and, more recently, high bibliometric indicators. The peculiar topics of public health encompass interactions with institutions, authorities, politicians, involved in different levels in health policies. Recently, in Italy, the Ministry of Health has identified parameters to be accreditated as a scientific and technical association. The role of SItI (Italian Society of Hygiene), EUPHA, ASPHER, and WFPHA appears relevant in PH, in national and international contexts, with Italian praiseworthy members constantly achieving leading roles. Considering that few training opportunities aimed to improve research and leadership skills are available, Accademia Lombarda di Sanità Pubblica (ALSP) designed the AYLPH (Academy of Young Leaders in Public Health) program. AYLPH program is a 1-year training to shape leadership skills among young professionals. A set of didactic, theoretical and practical methods was offered and evaluated.