Suchergebnisse

The concept of RRI has emerged as a new framework to be used by the European Commission for research projects. It now lies at the core of the Horizon 2020 programme and is designed to replace current assessment practices focused on ethical review. The book will analyse the shift from ethical review to RRI: what remains of the former, what has been gained? Secondly, it makes a critical presentation of existing ethical reviews from the perspectives of moral philosophy and the philosophy of technology. It discusses conceptions of ethical assessment on different levels. Thirdly, this book presents the RRI pillars presented by the European commission, together with their possible relationships to different governance models. Moreover, existing academic literature on RRI, which is not yet extensive, is growing rapidly. Various frameworks highlighting the dimensions of and conditions for responsible research and innovation have been proposed to define RRI. However, in spite of a well-established tradition on the subject in moral theory and philosophy, none of these approaches has investigated the concept of responsibility in depth. Fourthly, and for this reason, the book will provide an analysis of various meanings of responsibility that have been identified in moral theory and will discuss their relevance for RRI in different contexts. It will defend a pluralist approach to responsibility and explore several combinations of responsibilities depending on how these responsibilities are shared in a given context. The book adopts both a theoretical and a practical approach by assessing different participatory devices and analysing a number of research cases.

By analysing Amartya Sen's writings, the dissertation aims at answering the following question: is a rational ethics of economics possible? The first aspect of the answer is epistemological: what were the arguments in favour of the exclusion of value judgements from economics in the first half of the 20th century and what was Sen's position on it? Secondly, I analyse the ethical propositions that emerge from Sen's writings. The main hypothesis here is that Sen's conception of capability was developed as an alternative to welfarism and utilitarianism as a way of introducing value judgements into economics analysis. Finally, the third part of the thesis examines the limits of Sen's ethics by comparing it with three normative theories that were particularly influential: social choice theory, the Rawlsian theory of justice and Martha Nussbaum's capability approach. This comparison shows that the incompleteness of Sen's ethical propositions results from a tension between two contradictory norms. The first one, which requires normative frameworks to be based on better ethical foundations and the second one which limits the normative content of this framework by requiring it to be pluralist, i.e. to allow different value systems, sometimes conflicting with one another. ; Cette thèse analyse la contribution des travaux d'Amartya K. Sen à l'économie normative, à partir de la question suivante : une éthique économique rationnelle est-elle possible ? La thèse éclaire tout d'abord la réponse épistémologique apportée par Sen à cette question, à la lumière des débats qui traversent l'économie normative de la première moitié du XXe siècle : quels ont été les différents arguments pour justifier, ou au contraire exclure, les jugements de valeurs de la théorie économique. On étudie ensuite, la conception de l'évaluation de Sen en tant qu'elle représente une réponse aux failles de l'économie normative. A travers sa critique constante de l'utilitarisme et par le développement de l'approche par les capabilités, Sen propose un ensemble de normes pour évaluer le bien-être, élaboré en dialogue constant avec la philosophie politique et morale contemporaine. Enfin, la thèse analyse les limites de l'approche par les capabilités à partir du miroir que forment trois théories qui l'influencent plus particulièrement: la théorie du choix social arrowienne, la théorie de la justice de John Rawls et l'approche par les capabilités de Martha Nussbaum. Cette confrontation permet de montrer que la forme inachevée de l'approche par les capabilités provient d'une tension entre deux normes en partie contradictoires : une exigence de libéralisme d'une part et le souhait de renouveler l'économie normative par une définition du bien-être plus adéquate, de l'autre.

Annotation, The concept of RRI has emerged as a new framework to be used by the European Commission for research projects. It now lies at the core of the Horizon 2020 programme and is designed to replace current assessment practices focused on ethical review. The book analyses the shift from ethical review to RRI: what remains of the former, what has been gained? It then makes a critical presentation of existing ethical reviews from the perspectives of moral philosophy and the philosophy of technology and discusses conceptions of ethical assessment on different levels

The aim of this paper is to explain the process of diversification of normative economics by presenting the work of two authors—Tibor Scitovsky (1910–2002) and Amartya Sen (1933–). While these two authors first contributed to traditional welfare analysis from within, they were subsequently involved in the development of two different, and even opposed, programs: the economics of happiness; and the capability approach. They focused on different concepts of well-being: the "joy" of satisfied consumers for Scitovsky; and the "capabilities" of deprived individuals for Sen. In imposing new theoretical frameworks and applications, as well as new concepts of well-being, which are measureable, the capability approach and the economics of happiness represent two major attempts to renew normative economic analysis.