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Dyes are an important class of synthetic organic compounds used in many industries, especially textiles. Consequently, they have become common industrial environmental pollutants during their synthesis and later during fibre dyeing. Textile industries are facing a challenge in the field of quality and productivity due to the globalization of the world market. As the highly competitive atmosphere and the ecological parameters become more stringent, the prime concern of the textile processors is to be aware of the quality of their products and also the environmental friendliness of the manufacturing processes. This in turn makes it essential for innovations and changes in these processes, and investigations of appropriate and environmentally friendly treatment technologies or their residues. The large-scale production and extensive application of synthetic dyes can cause considerable environmental pollution, making it a serious public concern. Legislation on the limits of colour discharge has become increasingly rigid. There is a considerable urgent need to develop treatment methods that are effective in eliminating dyes from their waste. Physicochemical and biological methods have been studied and applied, although each has its advantages and disadvantages, with the choice being based on the wastewater characteristics, available technology and economic factors. Some industrial-scale wastewater treatment systems are now available; however, these are neither fully effective for complete colour removal nor do they address water recycling. This chapter outlines the background of dye chemistry, the application areas and the impact of dyeing effluents in the environment. The processes/techniques being implemented and developed for wastewaters remediation are ...

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- The Real Intelligence and Ontologies Behind Digital Era -- Artificial Intelligence at the Front End of Innovation: Systematic Literature Mapping -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Research Questions -- 2.2 Strategic Search -- 2.3 Selection Criteria -- 3 Selection Process -- 4 Results -- 5 Final Considerations -- 6 Future Works -- References -- Agent-Based Simulation and Ontology Integration for System-of-System Exploration -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background and Theory -- 2.1 Ontology Engineering and Semantic Web Technologies -- 2.2 Agent-Based Modelling and Simulation -- 2.3 Tool Integration -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Ontology Buildup -- 3.2 Simulation Process and Approach -- 4 Workflow Implementation and Case Study -- 4.1 Case Study Delimitations -- 4.2 Ontology Modelling and Definition -- 4.3 Agent-Based Modelling and Simulation -- 4.4 Workflow Implementation -- 4.5 Results -- 5 Discussions and Future Work -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Negative Social Impacts of Artificial Intelligence and the Main Mitigation Actions: A Systematic Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodological Approach -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Data Security Strategies in Digital Health Services: A Bibliometric Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Bibliometric Analysis -- 2.2 Construction of "Word Cloud" and "TreeMap" -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Bibliometric Analysis -- 3.2 "Word Cloud" and "TreeMap" -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Innovative Spaces for Multiliteracies -- Significance of Physical and Virtual Places - The Case of Teams Meetings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Studying Sense of Place -- 3 Research Methodology -- 3.1 The Test Users -- 3.2 The Plan for Trial Uses -- 3.3 The Places in Data Gathering -- 3.4 The Plan for Data Analysis -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion.

O conceito de compliance na gestão pública envolve a adesão estrita às leis, regulamentos e normas éticas no setor público, visando garantir transparência e integridade nas atividades governamentais. Sob uma perspectiva filosófica, o compliance pode ser analisado à luz de diversas correntes de pensamento. A filosofia utilitarista argumenta que práticas de compliance promovem o bem-estar da sociedade. A ética deontológica ressalta a importância de agir de acordo com deveres morais, alinhando-se com a busca pela integridade no setor público. A transparência, pilar essencial do compliance, é apoiada por correntes como o contratualismo social, onde a autoridade governamental deriva do consentimento dos governados. A perspectiva filosófica também destaca o papel do indivíduo na promoção do compliance. O pensamento existencialista enfatiza a responsabilidade pessoal na escolha de agir eticamente, mesmo em ambientes desafiadores. O presente artigo analisa a transparência e integridade pelo viés filosófico, usando pesquisa qualitativa por meio de revisão bibliográfica. Conclui-se que o compliance na gestão pública, com foco em transparência e integridade, pode ser justificado por diferentes lentes filosóficas. A adesão a princípios éticos e normas legais fortalece a confiança no governo e reflete a busca por uma sociedade justa e bem estruturada.

Objective: Identify and analyze the scientific literature on pulse oximeter with plethysmograph for assessing hemodynamic perfusion. Method: this is an integrative literature review, conducted in January and February 2012 on the Virtual Health Library. Studies published from 2000 to 2011 were selected. Results: after evaluating titles, 24 articles were selected for reading of the abstracts; 17 articles were excluded for not addressing the issue at stake, something which resulted in the inclusion of 7 articles in the sample. Conclusion: nursing care and multidisciplinary team care for the patient using pulse oximeter with plethysmograph may associate non-invasive parameters for hemodynamic assessment of perfusion in everyday clinical practice.

El agotamiento de los modelos tradicionales del turismo basado en "sol y playa" es un hecho que reflejan los mercados, que empiezan a buscar un turismo alternativo y más sostenible en los lugares que visita. Así, se está produciendo un crecimiento significativo del turismo cultural que permite la reutilización del Patrimonio Cultural de los enclaves turísticos tradicionales, actualizando los modelos productivos. Aun así, la nueva oferta del turismo cultural ha de ser creativa y atractiva para que satisfaga las cada vez mayores exigencias y expectativas de este segmento de mercado que generalmente opta por una autogestión de sus itinerarios. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un uso distinto del patrimonio en la isla de Mallorca a través de la instalación de una cámara oscura en la Torre des Verger, como ejemplo de aprovechamiento innovador del patrimonio de la isla. A partir de una metodología de análisis cualitativo proyectivo realizamos una propuesta de aprovechamiento, restauración y explotación turística de un bien cultural, basado en experiencias creadas en otras localizaciones, que han optado por el desarrollo de este tipo de proyectos y en las cuales se ponen en juego conceptos tan innovadores como el marketing sensorial, orientado a hacer de su visita una experiencia inolvidable. Así conseguimos crear una nueva atracción turística orientada al turismo cultural que tiene como elemento añadido el propio sostenimiento económico del bien al margen de las subvenciones públicas.

Conductive materials (CM) have been extensively reported to enhance methane production in anaerobic digestion processes. The occurrence of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in microbial communities, as an alternative or complementary to indirect electron transfer (via hydrogen or formate), is the main explanation given to justify the improvement of methane production. Not disregarding that DIET can be promoted in the presence of certain CM, it surely does not explain all the reported observations. In fact, in methanogenic environments DIET was only unequivocally demonstrated in cocultures of Geobacter metallireducens with Methanosaeta harundinacea or Methanosarcina barkeri and frequently Geobacter sp. are not detected in improved methane production driven systems. Furthermore, conductive carbon nanotubes were shown to accelerate the activity of methanogens growing in pure cultures, where DIET is not expected to occur, and hydrogenotrophic activity is ubiquitous in full-scale anaerobic digesters treating for example brewery wastewaters, indicating that interspecies hydrogen transfer is an important electron transfer mechanism in those systems. This paper presents an overview of the effect of several iron-based and carbon-based CM in bioengineered systems, focusing on the improvement in methane production and in microbial communities changes. Control assays, as fundamental elements to support major conclusions in reported experiments, are critically revised and discussed. ; This study was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. 323009 and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145FEDER-006684) and project PAC MultiBiorefinery SAICTPAC/0040/2015 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403), and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of ...

Due to their large-scale production and extensive application, dyes have turned serious pollutants when improperly handled and disposed, creating grave public health and environmental problems. One of the problems that textile industry is facing is related with the incomplete exhaustion of dyes onto textile fibres from an aqueous dyeing process, and the need to implement innovative and sustainable effluent treatment methods to remove colour. Additionally, legislation on the limits of colour discharge has turn increasingly rigid. Biological treatment systems have been shown as promising technologies. The main limiting factor of the reductive transformations by anaerobic sludge is the electron transfer, a slow process. This limitation can be overcome by making use of redox mediators, which are compounds that accelerate the electron transfer from a primary electron donor to a terminal electron acceptor, to speed up the process. Activated carbon (AC) has been shown as a feasible redox mediator. Samples of microporous thermal treated AC (ACH2) and mesoporous carbons: Xerogels (CXA, CXB) and Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were tested on azo dye and textile wastewater biodegradation. ∼85% Mordant Yellow 10 (MY10) and 70% of Reactive Red 120 (RR120) colour removal was obtained with all the carbon materials. Acid Orange 10 (AO10) is not biodegraded in the absence of Carbon Materials, but with CXB and CNT a 98% of colour removal was achieved. For MY10 and RR120, rates increased in the order: control < ACH2< CXA < CXB < CNT. HPLC analysis confirmed the reduction of dyes with the formation of corresponding aromatic amines. The effect of CNT was also observed in the biological treatment of real textile wastewaters. ; R. Pereira holds a fellowship (SFRH/BD/72388/2010) and L. Pereira holds a Pos-Doc fellowship (SFRH/BPD/80941/2011) from Fundacao para a Ciencia e ...

Biodegradation of a xanthene dyes was investigated for the first time using anaerobic granular sludge. On a first screening, biomass was able to decolorize, at different extents, six azo dye solutions: acid orange 7, direct black 19, direct blue 71, mordant yellow 10, reactive red 2 and reactive red 120 and two xanthene dyes—Erythrosine B and Eosin Y. Biomass concentration, type of electron donor, induction of biomass with dye and mediation with activated carbon (AC) were variables studied for Erythrosine B (Ery) as model dye. Maximum color removal efficiency was achieved with 4.71 g VSS L−1, while the process rates were independent of the biomass concentration above 1.89 g VSS L−1. No considerable effects were observed when different substrates were used as electron donors (VFA, glucose or lactose). Addition of Ery in the incubation period of biomass led to a fivefold increase of the decolorization rate. The rate of Ery decolorization almost duplicated in the presence of commercial AC (0.1 g L−1 AC0). Using different modified AC samples (from the treatment of AC0), a threefold higher rate was obtained with the most basic one, \textAC\textH2ACH2, as compared with non-mediated reaction. Higher rates were obtained at pH 6.0. Chemical reduction using Na2S confirmed the recalcitrant nature of this dye. The results attest that decolorization of Ery is essentially due to enzymatic and adsorption phenomena. ; This work was supported by the PTDC/AMB/69335/2006 project grants (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Technologia, FCT, Portugal), BRAIN project (ID 6681, European Social Found and Romanian Government and the grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0559, Contract ...

A presente pesquisa realizou uma análise cienciométrica de publicações sobre turismo em periódicos científicos, com o objetivo de evidenciar os trabalhos desenvolvidos sobre overtourism através do software qualitativo IRAMUTEQ de forma a possibilitar os drivers dos estudos sobre a temática, bem como, as principais correntes de autores internacionais da atualidade relacionadas ao tema. É uma pesquisa de cunho quantitativo, feita através dos resumos dos trabalhos sobre overtourism. A partir das bases de dados e da análise dos resumos dos artigos, foram selecionados aqueles que tiveram alguma influência da concepção dos algoritmos usados pelo software estatístico R. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que o estudo sobre overtourism é atual e vem sendo trabalhado desde 2017, sendo levantados 137 artigos internacionais. Após a análise dos resumos dos principais trabalhos, através da nuvem de palavras, conteúdo e lexicometria, importantes direcionamentos foram traçados de modo que exista um melhor entendimento sobre a temática. Assim, foi possível afirmar que o termo overtourism remete a variáveis negativas provocadas ou intensificadas pelo turismo nos espaços prejudicando principalmente os moradores locais. Como limitação da pesquisa é importante destacar que existem poucos trabalhos sobre esse assunto e a escolha do idioma como sendo o inglês ocasionou exclusão de alguns artigos relacionados à temática.

El uso del patrimonio inmaterial como base de creación de nuevos productos de turismo cultural, es una forma de aprovechamiento económico y sostenible, que respeta no sólo el medio ambiente de los lugares de acogida, sino también su herencia, tradiciones y patrimonio histórico. En este entorno, observamos cómo nacen nichos de mercado turísticos cada vez más especializados y segmentados, que requieren de una atención específica, ya que se orientan al conocimiento de una determinada faceta singular de la cultura del lugar que visitan, conformando lo que se ha llamado "turismo friki". Un ejemplo claro de lo descrito es el exponencial aumento en visitas que reciben en la actualidad todas aquellas localidades que han servido como escenarios cinematográficas de series y películas de éxito que explotan turísticamente aquello que las hace únicas. Proponemos entonces la creación en Mallorca de una ruta templaria, es decir, que recorra los enclaves templarios de la isla, conocida por su pasado histórico asociado a esta famosa orden militar, que goza de gran popularidad entre algunos sectores de la población como atestiguan los múltiples éxitos literarios relacionados de forma histórica o novelada con dicha orden militar.

Emerging pollutants are an essential class of recalcitrant contaminants that are not eliminated from water after conventional treatment. Here, a photocatalytic microporous membrane based on polyvinylidene difluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (PVDF−TrFE) with immobilised TiO2 nanoparticles, prepared by solvent casting, was tested against representative emerging pollutants. The structure and composition of these polymeric membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, porosimetry, and contact angle goniometry. The nanocomposites exhibited a porous structure with a uniform distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles. The addition of TiO2 did not change the structure of the polymeric matrix; however, it increased the wettability of the nanocomposite. The nanocomposites degraded 99% of methylene blue (MB), 95% of ciprofloxacin (CIP), and 48% of ibuprofen (IBP). The microporous nanocomposite exhibited no photocatalytic efficiency loss after four use cycles, corresponding to 20 h of UV irradiation. The reusability of this system confirms the promising nature of polymer nanocomposites as the basis for cost-effective and scalable treatments of emerging pollutants. ; P.M. Martins thanks the FCT for the grant SFRH/BD/98616/2013. The authors acknowledge funding from the Basque Government Industry Department under the ELKARTEK Program and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the project MAT2016-76039-C4-3-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) (including the FEDER financial support). This work was also supported by the Graduate Academy of the Technische Universität Dresden. ; M.; visualization, J.M.R.; supervision, G.C., S.L.-M. Funding: This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the strategic project UID/FIS/04650/2013 by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020–Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) with the reference project ...

Este estudo avaliou fatores epidemiológicos para infecção pelo HCV associados ao compartilhamento de instrumentos cortantes e perfurantes em candidatos à doação de sangue (CDS) na cidade de Belém, Pará, Amazônia Brasileira. Duas definições de infecção pelo HCV foram utilizadas: positividade por anti-HCV detectada por EIA, e HCV-RNA detectado por PCR. CDS infectados e não-infectados preencheram questionário sobre possíveis fatores de risco associados com o compartilhamento de instrumentos cortantes e perfurantes. As informações foram avaliadas usando regressão logística simples e múltipla. Entre maio e novembro de 2010, 146 (1,1%) indivíduos com anticorpos anti-HCV e 106 (0,8%) com HCV-RNA foram detectadas entre 13.772 CDS em Belém. Os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo HCV baseado em resultados de EIA (modelo 1) e PCR (modelo 2) foram: uso de agulhas e seringas esterilizadas em casa, uso compartilhado de lâminas em casa, compartilhamento de lâminas em barbearias, salões de beleza, etc., e compartilhamento de material de manicure e pedicure. Os modelos de infecção pelo HCV associados com o compartilhamento de instrumentos cortantes e perfurantes devem ser considerados pelas autoridades de saúde local e regional e de países com práticas culturais semelhantes, a fim de fornecer informações uteis para direcionar estratégias e políticas públicas de controle da transmissão do HCV. ; This study evaluated epidemiological factors for HCV infection associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments among candidates for blood donation (CBD) in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Two definitions of HCV infection cases were used: anti-HCV positivity shown by EIA, and HCV-RNA detection by PCR. Infected and uninfected CBD completed a questionnaire about possible risk factors associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments. The information was evaluated using simple and multiple logistic regressions. Between May and November 2010, 146 (1.1%) persons with anti-HCV antibodies and 106 (0.8%) with HCV-RNA were detected among 13,772 CBD in Belém. Risk factors associated with HCV infection based on the EIA (model 1) and PCR (model 2) results were: use of needles and syringes sterilized at home; shared use of razors at home, sharing of disposable razors in barbershops, beauty salons etc.; and sharing manicure and pedicure material. The models of HCV infection associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments should be taken into account by local and regional health authorities and by those of other countries with similar cultural practices, in order to provide useful information to guide political and public strategies to control HCV transmission.

This study evaluated epidemiological factors for HCV infection associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments among candidates for blood donation (CBD) in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Two definitions of HCV infection cases were used: anti-HCV positivity shown by EIA, and HCV-RNA detection by PCR. Infected and uninfected CBD completed a questionnaire about possible risk factors associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments. The information was evaluated using simple and multiple logistic regressions. Between May and November 2010, 146 (1.1%) persons with anti-HCV antibodies and 106 (0.8%) with HCV-RNA were detected among 13,772 CBD in Belém. Risk factors associated with HCV infection based on the EIA (model 1) and PCR (model 2) results were: use of needles and syringes sterilized at home; shared use of razors at home, sharing of disposable razors in barbershops, beauty salons etc.; and sharing manicure and pedicure material. The models of HCV infection associated with sharing perforating and cutting instruments should be taken into account by local and regional health authorities and by those of other countries with similar cultural practices, in order to provide useful information to guide political and public strategies to control HCV transmission. ; Este estudo avaliou fatores epidemiológicos para infecção pelo HCV associados ao compartilhamento de instrumentos cortantes e perfurantes em candidatos à doação de sangue (CDS) na cidade de Belém, Pará, Amazônia Brasileira. Duas definições de infecção pelo HCV foram utilizadas: positividade por anti-HCV detectada por EIA, e HCV-RNA detectado por PCR. CDS infectados e não-infectados preencheram questionário sobre possíveis fatores de risco associados com o compartilhamento de instrumentos cortantes e perfurantes. As informações foram avaliadas usando regressão logística simples e múltipla. Entre maio e novembro de 2010, 146 (1,1%) indivíduos com anticorpos anti-HCV e 106 (0,8%) com HCV-RNA foram detectadas entre 13.772 CDS em Belém. Os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo HCV baseado em resultados de EIA (modelo 1) e PCR (modelo 2) foram: uso de agulhas e seringas esterilizadas em casa, uso compartilhado de lâminas em casa, compartilhamento de lâminas em barbearias, salões de beleza, etc., e compartilhamento de material de manicure e pedicure. Os modelos de infecção pelo HCV associados com o compartilhamento de instrumentos cortantes e perfurantes devem ser considerados pelas autoridades de saúde local e regional e de países com práticas culturais semelhantes, a fim de fornecer informações uteis para direcionar estratégias e políticas públicas de controle da transmissão do HCV. ; CRESCENTE, J. A. B. Dr. Docente da Universidade Federal do Pará, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical ; OLIVEIRA FILHO, A. B. Dr. Docente da Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus Bragança ; LEMOS, J. A. R. Dr. Docente da Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas

Semiconductor-based heterogeneous photocatalysis has been one of the most promising processes for the treatment of contaminated water. Among the available catalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO2) presents the best photocatalytic properties, being chemically and biologically inert, stable, non-toxic, cheap and easy to produce. However, its energy bang gap lies in the ultraviolet (UV) range, which is responsible for a reduced spectral activation, since UV radiation corresponds to only 5% of the solar spectrum [1]. For this reason, one of the main purposes of the scientific community has been to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, namely through an adequate doping of this material, or through the creation of nanocomposites, to enable photocatalysis occurrence by the incidence of visible light. One alternative concerns the application of nanocomposites of TiO2 with graphene and graphene oxide to photocatalytic processes [2]. In this work, nanocomposites of TiO2 with different weight concentrations of graphene and graphene oxide (namely 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 3%) were synthetized by a one-step hydrothermal method and characterized in terms of morphology, crystalline structure, vibrational modes and optical band gap. The photocatalytic activity of these nanocomposites was then evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue and ciprofloxacin solutions under UV and visible radiation. The results indicated that the studied nanocomposites presented higher degradation rates of the methylene blue than the pure TiO2, which increased with the content of graphene/graphene oxide. However, these composites proved to be less suitable to degrade the ciprofloxacin solution than the pure TiO2 nanoparticles. ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) - UID/FIS/04650/2013, PTDC/CTM-ENE/5387/2014 and SFRH/BD/98616/2013; Basque Government Industry Department under the ELKARTEK Program. ...