Suchergebnisse

O desastre nuclear de Fukushima veio relembrar desastres nucleares anteriores tais como os de Three Miles Island e Chernobyl, trazendo de volta à esfera pública o debate em torno dos problemas de segurança das centrais nucleares. No entanto, enquanto o risco associado à energia nuclear tradicional (fissão) foi amplificado pela mídia, uma nova tecnologia de energia nuclear em investigação (fissão) não foi afetada. Uma comparação entre a cobertura midiática das tecnologias de fusão e fissão nuclear em três países (Alemanha, Espanha e Portugal), bem como na imprensa internacional de língua inglesa dirigida à elite transnacional, de 2008 a 2012, mostrou que o desastre de Fukushima não teve um impacto significativo no enquadramento midiático da fusão nuclear na maior parte dos jornais analisados. Neste artigo procura-se explicar o que conduziu a esta situação.

Este trabalho tem como foco a história de trabalhadores e militantes de duas importantes áreas industriais do Rio de Janeiro: o Jacaré, bairro operário da Zona Norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, e Volta Redonda, cidade operária e sede da Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN). Durante a década de 1990, mudanças econômicas e políticas traduziam-se também em disputas sindicais, falências e privatizações que marcariam a experiência daqueles que vivenciaram tal conturbado período nestes espaços operários.

Accepted version. ; This paper presents results of a comparison of media coverage of fusion and fission energy technologies in three countries (Germany, Spain and Portugal) and in the English language international print media addressing transnational elite, from 2008 to 2012. The analysis showed that the accident in Fukushima in March 2010 did not have significant impact on media framing of nuclear fusion in the major part of print media under investigation. In fact, fusion is clearly dissociated from traditional nuclear (fission) energy and from nuclear accidents. It tends to be portrayed as a safe, clean and unlimited source of energy, although less credited when confronted with research costs, technological feasibility and the possibility to be achieved in a reasonable period of time. On the contrary, fission is portrayed as a hazardous source of energy, expensive when compared to research costs of renewables, hardly a long-term energy option, susceptible to contribute to the proliferation of nuclear weapons or rogue military use. Fukushima accident was consistently discussed in the context of safety problems of nuclear power plants and in many cases appeared not as an isolated event but rather as a reminder of previous nuclear disasters such as Three Miles Island and Chernobyl. ; Data presented in this paper was part of a report prepared for the European Fusion Development Agreement (EFDA) Work programme 2012 WP12-SER-ACIF-1 with its financial support through the IST-UL in the case of Portugal. EFDA does not endorse or take responsibility for the content of this paper.

The variable electricity output of the renewable energy sources (RES) power plants, such as wind and hydro power technologies, is seen as an important challenge for the electricity system managers. This paper addresses the problem of an electricity system supported mainly on hydro, thermal and wind power plants, presenting a short-term model planning. A binary mixed integer non-linear optimization model for one year planning with hourly time step is described and applied to a system close to the expected Portuguese electricity scenario for the year 2020. The main objective of this paper was to analyze the impact that different levels of installed wind power and hydropower have in the operation of thermal power units. Besides that, the analysis of results demonstrate the influence that the characteristics of the seasons of the year has on the renewable power units electricity generation and by this way on the total production cost of the system. ; This work was financed by: the QREN – Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors, the European Union – European Regional Development Fund and National Funds- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under Project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-011377 and Project ...

Over the last decades, models and concepts related to sustainable electricity planning decisions have been changed according to the society, energy policy objectives and concerns. New and clean energy technologies are emerging as major contributors for the achievement of a set of imposed goals, being the energy efficiency combined with renewable energy sources (RES) a key strategy for a sustainable future. Power planning based on optimization models plays an important role for, not only electricity industry decision making process, but also for all processes where complex decision must be made. Following the idea of sustainability combined with the emergence of RES, this study aims to present an on-going research project that involves the development of a set of mathematical models to be used on the electricity planning. Assuming a time period of 10 years and through scenario analysis, the expected impacts in terms of costs and CO2 emissions were evaluated. The behaviour of system when coal and gas fuel price varies is observed. The results put evidence the significant wind power and hydro power impacts on the electricity sector performance and demonstrate importance of these technologies to achieve the European Union goals for the sector. ; This work was financed by: the QREN – Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors, the European Union – European Regional Development Fund and National Funds- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under Project FCOMP-01- 0124-FEDER-011377 and Project ...

Sustainable electricity power planning involves trade-offs between multiple goals. The different attributes of each technology or generation portfolio in terms of the attainment of society goals must be assessed and included in the planning models. Optimization models always played an important role for supporting complex planning decision making, from which the particular case of the electricity industry stands out. This study addresses energy policy and strategic central decisions, presenting a long-term model for electricity planning. A MILP problem is described, which addresses a mixed hydro-thermal-wind power system close to the Portuguese electricity case. Through scenario analysis, the expected impacts in terms of costs, CO2 emissions and external energy dependence are evaluated for a 10 years planning period. Based on the assumed cost information and on the imposed technical restrictions, the obtained results put in evidence the importance of coal power plants combined with new hydro power investments for minimum cost scenarios. ; This work was financed by: the QREN – Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors, the European Union – European Regional Development Fund and National Funds- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under Project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-011377 and Project ...

Cem anos depois do fim da Guerra do Contestado, maior conflito da América Latina, é intrigante e curioso discutir sobre essa região que há um século, foi contestada por dois estados, Paraná e Santa Catarina, sendo uma luta ideológica por conquista de território, alimentado por vários fatores que se entrelaçam, sejam de ordem social, política, econômica, cultural, seja de ordem religiosa. Os dois estados em questão têm uns dos maiores índices de desenvolvimento humano – IDH – do Brasil, sendo que, a região que foi contestada pelos dois estados, denominada como Região do Contestado, hoje é uma das regiões mais pobres do país, ou seja, uma ilha de pobreza em meio a um mar de desenvolvimento. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo fazer uma análise da fome e da pobreza na Região do Contestado Catarinense após cem anos da Guerra do Contestado a partir de dados socioeconômicos e relatos jornalísticos. Metodologicamente essa pesquisa foi realizada por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, arquivos digitais, jornais e levantamento de dados socioeconômicos. Estudar a fome hoje, sem dúvida, é percorrer os caminhos da ciência e da técnica no território, mediatizadas pelo mercado (escassez e abundância), e as geografias da fome são produtos de apropriação desigual de valor, pois a comida é valor de uso para todos os seres humanos - é a condição da existência humana na Terra.

Vertically resolved optical and microphysical properties of biomass burning aerosols, measured in 2011 with a multiwavelength Raman lidar, are presented. The transportation time, within 1-2 days (or less), pointed towards the presence of relatively fresh smoke particles over the site. Some strong layers aloft were observed with particle backscatter and extinction coefficients (at 355 nm) greater than 5 Mm−1 sr−1 and close to 300 Mm−1, respectively. The particle intensive optical properties showed features different from the ones reported for aged smoke, but rather consistent with fresh smoke. The Ångström exponents were generally high, mainly above 1.4, indicating a dominating accumulation mode. Weak depolarization values, as shown by the small depolarization ratio of 5% or lower, were measured. Furthermore, the lidar ratio presented no clear wavelength dependency. The inversion of the lidar signals provided a set of microphysical properties including particle effective radius below 0.2 μm, which is less than values previously observed for aged smoke particles. Real and imaginary parts of refractive index of about 1.5-1.6 and 0.02i, respectively, were derived. The single scattering albedo was in the range between 0.85 and 0.93; these last two quantities indicate the nonnegligible absorbing characteristics of the observed particles. ; This work was supported by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) through the National Re-equipment Program under REDE/1527/RNG/2007, through the project PTDC/CTEATM/65307/2006 and through the projects PTDC/AAC-CLI/104925/2008 and PTDC/GEO-MET/4222/2012. The authors also acknowledge the funding provided by the Évora Geophysics Centre, Portugal, under the contract with FCT (the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation), PEst-OE/CTE/UI0078/2011. Sérgio Nepomuceno Pereira and Jana Preißler were funded by FCT with Grants SFRH/BPD/81132/2011 and SFRH/BD/47521/2008, respectively. CGE benefits from the membership in SPALINET, EARLINET, and ACTRIS. ACTRIS Research Infrastructure Project is supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under Grant agreement (no. 262254). This work was also supported by the Andalusia Regional Government through the project P10-RNM-6299.

A fome pode ser provocada por diversos fatores, sendo um deles a guerra, acontecimento capaz de desestabilizar um determinado território por anos.O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar como a fome e a pobreza tem se manifestado na região do Contestado Catarinense 105 anos após Guerra do Contestado. A metodologia adotada foi pautada no levantamento de pesquisas bibliográficas e coleta de dados em sites governamentais, dentre eles: o Ministério da Cidadania, IBGE e o Atlas Brasil. Ao analisar todos os dados apresentados, foi possível observar quais são os territórios com maior vulnerabilidade para a fome e a pobreza na região do Contestado Catarinense. No Cadastro Único, destacaram-se os municípios de Matos Costa, Calmon e Lebon Régis por possuírem acima de 60% da população do seu município cadastradas, apresentando também a maior porcentagem de pessoas atendidas pelo Programa Bolsa Família, acompanhados dos municípios de Bela Vista do Toldo, Timbó Grande e Monte Castelo.

Several traits make stingless bees attractive to parasites of honey bee colonies. The small hive beetle (SHB) Aethina tumida, a honey bee colony scavenger/parasite native to sub-Saharan Africa, where is considered only a minor pest, is now present on almost all continents, including the Latin America region in South America. SHB has been recorded in Brazil since 2016 in Africanized honey bees and generaly the beetle does not seem cause negative impacts. European honey bees, on the other hand, suffer considerable damage when parasitized by SHB, suggesting a potential threat to other susceptible social bees. The present study reports the first occurrence of SHB in stingless bees in Brazil, and is an alert to authorities and stingless beekeepers to prevent infestations.

Systematic measurements of dust concentration profiles at a continental scale were recently made possible by the development of synergistic retrieval algorithms using combined lidar and sun photometer data and the establishment of robust remote-sensing networks in the framework of Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network (ACTRIS)/European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET). We present a methodology for using these capabilities as a tool for examining the performance of dust transport models. The methodology includes considerations for the selection of a suitable data set and appropriate metrics for the exploration of the results. The approach is demonstrated for four regional dust transport models (BSC-DREAM8b v2, NMMB/BSC-DUST, DREAMABOL, DREAM8-NMME-MACC) using dust observations performed at 10 ACTRIS/EARLINET stations. ; The financial support of the ACTRIS Research Infrastructure Project supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 262254 is gratefully acknowledged. This project has also received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 289923 – ITaRS. S. Basart and J. M. Baldasano acknowledge the CICYT project (CGL2010-19652 and CGL2013-46736) and Severo Ochoa (SEV- 2011-00067) programme of the Spanish Government. This program has received funding from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia through project III43007.