Analisa-se a formação no curso de Serviço Social da Universidade Federal do Piauí no contexto da Ditadura Militar. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter bibliográfico e documental, com abordagem qualitativa, pautado no método de análise dialética de Marx. Constata-se que o primeiro currículo do curso era direcionado por uma perspectiva conservadora, o que não implica a inexistência de segmentos progressistas e críticos no processo formativo nesse período. Isso evidencia que a tentativa do Regime Militar de implantar uma política educacional de controle, enquadramento e repressão não neutralizou por completo os espaços de resistência democrática, sobretudo no âmbito das universidades.
International audience ; The growing loss of soil functionality due to contamination by metal(loid)s, alone or in combination with organic pollutants, is a global environmental issue that entails major risks to ecosystems and human health. Consequently, the management and restructuring of large metal(loid)-polluted areas through sustainable nature-based solutions is currently a priority in research programs and legislation worldwide. Over the last few years, phytomanagement has emerged as a promising phytotechnology, focused on the use of plants and associated microorganisms, together with ad hoc site management practices, for an economically viable and ecologically sustainable recovery of contaminated sites. It promotes simultaneously the recovery of soil ecological functions and the decrease of pollutant linkages, while providing economic revenues, e.g. by producing non-food crops for biomass-processing technologies (biofuel and bioenergy sector, ecomaterials, biosourced-chemistry, etc.), thus contributing to the international demand for sustainable and renewable sources of energy and raw materials for the bioeconomy. Potential environmental benefits also include the provision of valuable ecosystem services such as water drainage management, soil erosion deterrence, C sequestration, regulation of nutrient cycles, xenobiotic biodegradation, and metal(loid) stabilization. Phytomanagement relies on the proper selection of (i) plants and (ii) microbial inoculants with the capacity to behave as powerful plant allies, e.g ., PGPB: plant growth-promoting bacteria and AMF: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. This review gives an up-to-date overview of the main annual, perennial, and woody crops, as well as the most adequate cropping systems, presently used to phytomanage metal(loid)-contaminated soils, and the relevant products and ecosystems services provided by the various phytomanagement options. Suitable bioaugmentation practices with PGPB and AMF are also discussed. Furthermore, we identify the potential interest of ...
AbstractStudies involving older people as co-investigators are limited in Portugal. The main objectives of this article are: (I) Analyze the barriers identified by older people living in low-density territories that pose a challenge to ageing in place. (ii) Understand the co-research methodology as an appropriate instrument for increasing the participatory capacity of older people and improving the conditions for ageing in place. (iii) Assess the role of social networks and community support in providing informal assistance to older people in low-density territories. The study involved 14 co-researchers, who had a balanced gender representation and an average age of 64.5 years. All the co-researchers were residents of the study location and volunteered for the research. They were provided training in interview techniques and active listening, prior to the study. A total of three interviews and 23 photographs were analyzed and discussed in five focus group meetings. The participants agreed upon four types of unmet needs and developed proposals to increase their negotiating power, thereby mitigating barriers to their permanence. The co-researchers presented their proposals at two public meetings with decision-makers, managers, and members of the municipal council. The findings were a significant addition to the promotion of the co-research approach and the engagement of older adults in detecting the obstacles that hinder their secure and independent aging in their living environment.
The growing loss of soil functionality due to contamination by metal(loid)s, alone or in combination with organic pollutants, is a global environmental issue that entails major risks to ecosystems and human health. Consequently, the management and restructuring of large metal(loid)-polluted areas through sustainable nature-based solutions is currently a priority in research programs and legislation worldwide. Over the last few years, phytomanagement has emerged as a promising phytotechnology, focused on the use of plants and associated microorganisms, together with ad hoc site management practices, for an economically viable and ecologically sustainable recovery of contaminated sites. It promotes simultaneously the recovery of soil ecological functions and the decrease of pollutant linkages, while providing economic revenues, e.g. by producing non-food crops for biomass-processing technologies (biofuel and bioenergy sector, ecomaterials, biosourced-chemistry, etc.), thus contributing to the international demand for sustainable and renewable sources of energy and raw materials for the bioeconomy. Potential environmental benefits also include the provision of valuable ecosystem services such as water drainage management, soil erosion deterrence, C sequestration, regulation of nutrient cycles, xenobiotic biodegradation, and metal(loid) stabilization. Phytomanagement relies on the proper selection of (i) plants and (ii) microbial inoculants with the capacity to behave as powerful plant allies, e.g., PGPB: plant growth-promoting bacteria and AMF: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. This review gives an up-to-date overview of the main annual, perennial, and woody crops, as well as the most adequate cropping systems, presently used to phytomanage metal(loid)-contaminated soils, and the relevant products and ecosystems services provided by the various phytomanagement options. Suitable bioaugmentation practices with PGPB and AMF are also discussed. Furthermore, we identify the potential interest of phytomanagement for stakeholders and end-users and highlight future opportunities boosted by an effective engagement between environmental protection and economic development. We conclude by presenting the legal and regulatory framework of soil remediation and by discussing prospects for phytotechnologies applications in the future. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Nevirapine (NVP) is associated with severe liver and skin toxicity through sulfotransferase (SULT) bioactivation of the phase I metabolite 12‐hydroxy‐NVP [1–3]. The female sex, a well‐known risk factor for NVP‐induced toxicity, is associated with higher SULT expression [4] and lower plasma levels of 12‐hydroxy‐NVP [3]. Interestingly, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) increases SULT2B1 activity and ApoA1 synthesis is increased by NVP [5, 6]. Herein, we explore the effect of ApoA1 levels on NVP metabolism and liver function. The study protocol was firstly approved by the hospitals' Ethics Committees. All included individuals were HIV‐infected patients treated with NVP for at least one month. The plasma concentrations of NVP and its phase I metabolites were quantified by HPLC [7]. ApoA1 levels were assessed by an immunoturbidimetric assay. Forty‐nine HIV‐infected patients on NVP were included (53% men, 59% Caucasian). NVP plasma levels were correlated with HDL‐cholesterol (Spearman r=0.2631; p=0.0441) and ApoA1 (Spearman r=0.3907; p=0.0115). Women had higher ApoA1 levels than men (Student's t Test; p=0.0051). In both sexes, 12‐hydroxy‐NVP levels were negatively correlated with ApoA1 (male: Spearman r=−0.3810; p=0.0499 female: Spearman r=−0.5944; p=0.0415). In men, ApoA1 was positively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (AST, Spearman r=0.5507; p=0.0413), while in women ApoA1 was associated (Spearman r=0.6408; p=0.0056) with alanine aminotransferase (ALT). These results show sex differences in NVP‐induced ApoA1 synthesis. The higher ApoA1 levels in women might stabilize SULT2B1 [6]. This would explain the lower levels of 12‐hydroxy‐NVP [3] and the higher hepatotoxicity found in women, due to increased sulfonation of this metabolite. These data support a role for ApoA1 in the sex dimorphic mechanism leading to NVP‐induced toxicity.
Paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) is a high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐associated enzyme known as a free radical scavenging system (1). PON‐1 has three main activities, responsible for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential: paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase (LACase), the latest to be discovered and pointed out to be its native activity (2). Among other physiological roles, the LACase might minimize the deleterious effects of hyperhomocysteinaemia in infection, by detoxifying the highly reactive metabolite homocysteine‐thiolactone (HcyTL) (3),4. In the present work, we have developed and applied a method to quantify LACase activity and to explore the role of this enzyme in HIV‐infection and virological response. The LACase activity was monitored in a cohort of HIV‐1‐infected patients, through the titration of 3‐(o‐hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, formed upon the LACase‐mediated hydrolysis of the substrate dihydrocoumarin. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central and Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca. All patients gave their written informed consent and were adults with documented HIV‐1‐infection, regardless of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) use. Naïve patients and patients who had received continuous antiretroviral treatment for more than one month were included. A total of 179 HIV‐1‐infected patients were included on this study (51% Men, 39% non‐Caucasian, 45±13 years old). Patients with non‐suppressed viraemia, either from the non‐cART (n=89, 12±4 kU/L, p<0.01) or from the cART with detectable viral load (n=11, 10±5 kU/L, p<0.05) groups, had lower activity than the cART with suppressed viraemia (n=79, 15±7 kU/L) (Kruskal–Wallis test). Among naïve patients, higher viral load (> 31,500 cps/mL, Spearman r=−0.535, p=0.003) and lower CD4+ T‐cells count (< 500 cell/mm3, Pearson r=0.326, p=0.024) were associated with the LACase activity. The present study suggests that lower LACase activity is associated with uncontrolled HIV‐1‐infection, particularly with non‐suppressed viraemia, despite of cART. This data seems to point to LACase role in HIV‐infection, probably reflecting an increased formation of HcyTL deleterious species. A better knowledge of the LACase and its role in HcyTL pathophysiology might identify new therapeutic targets in HIV‐1‐infected patients.
Funding: This work was supported in part by the PRIME-XS project, grant agreement number 262067, funded by the European Union seventh Framework Programme. We also thank Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for financial support through projects UID/QUI/00100/2020 (to CQE), RECI/QEQ-MED/0330/2012 and PTDC/QUI-QAN/32242/2017, as well as contract CEECIND/02001/2017 (to A.M.M.A) and doctoral fellowships SFRH/BD/80690/2011 (to SGH), SFRH/BD/75426/2010 (to ILM), and SFRH/BD/102846/2014 (to CC). Joint funding from FCT and the COMPETE Program through grant SAICTPAC/0019/2015 and RNEM-LISBOA-01-0145- FEDER-022125 funding are also gratefully acknowledged. The CRG/UPF Proteomics Unit is part of the "Plataforma de Recursos Biomoleculares y Bioinformáticos (ProteoRed)" supported by grant PT13/0001 of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). ; Nevirapine (NVP), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor widely used in combined antiretroviral therapy and to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, is associated with several adverse side effects. Using 12-mesyloxy-nevirapine, a model electrophile of the reactive metabolites derived from the NVP Phase I metabolite, 12-hydroxy-NVP, we demonstrate that the nucleophilic core and C-terminal residues of histones are targets for covalent adduct formation. We identified multiple NVP-modification sites at lysine (e.g., H2BK47, H4K32), histidine (e.g., H2BH110, H4H76), and serine (e.g., H2BS33) residues of the four histones using a mass spectrometry-based bottom-up proteomic analysis. In particular, H2BK47, H2BH110, H2AH83, and H4H76 were found to be potential hot spots for NVP incorporation. Notably, a remarkable selectivity to the imidazole ring of histidine was observed, with modification by NVP detected in three out of the 11 histidine residues of histones. This suggests that NVP-modified histidine residues of histones are prospective markers of the drug's bioactivation and/or toxicity. Importantly, NVP-derived ...
Nevirapine (NVP), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor widely used in combined antiretroviral therapy and to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, is associated with several adverse side effects. Using 12-mesyloxy-nevirapine, a model electrophile of the reactive metabolites derived from the NVP Phase I metabolite, 12-hydroxy-NVP, we demonstrate that the nucleophilic core and C-terminal residues of histones are targets for covalent adduct formation. We identified multiple NVP-modification sites at lysine (e.g., H2BK47, H4K32), histidine (e.g., H2BH110, H4H76), and serine (e.g., H2BS33) residues of the four histones using a mass spectrometry-based bottom-up proteomic analysis. In particular, H2BK47, H2BH110, H2AH83, and H4H76 were found to be potential hot spots for NVP incorporation. Notably, a remarkable selectivity to the imidazole ring of histidine was observed, with modification by NVP detected in three out of the 11 histidine residues of histones. This suggests that NVP-modified histidine residues of histones are prospective markers of the drug's bioactivation and/or toxicity. Importantly, NVP-derived modifications were identified at sites known to determine chromatin structure (e.g., H4H76) or that can undergo multiple types of post-translational modifications (e.g., H2BK47, H4H76). These results open new insights into the molecular mechanisms of drug-induced adverse reactions. ; This work was supported in part by the PRIME-XS project, grant agreement number 262067, funded by the European Union seventh Framework Programme. We also thank Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for financial support through projects UID/QUI/00100/2020 (to CQE), RECI/QEQ-MED/0330/2012 and PTDC/QUI-QAN/32242/2017, as well as contract CEECIND/02001/2017 (to A.M.M.A) and doctoral fellowships SFRH/BD/80690/2011 (to SGH), SFRH/BD/75426/2010 (to ILM), and SFRH/BD/102846/2014 (to CC). Joint funding from FCT and the COMPETE Program through grant SAICTPAC/0019/2015 and RNEM-LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022125 funding are also gratefully acknowledged. The CRG/UPF Proteomics Unit is part of the "Plataforma de Recursos Biomoleculares y Bioinformáticos (ProteoRed)" supported by grant PT13/0001 of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
