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The pursuit of sustainable goals entails substantial technological and scientific advancements. However, commitment and cooperation from vast segments of our societies is also required to turn the efforts into actions. Just a mention from a straightforward example: climate stabilization is not only a scientific and technological task, it also depends on activating processes of social change on several levels. An interesting concept to raise here is the social tipping point, which is a point where a group rapidly and dramatically changes its behavior by widely adopting a previously rare practice. The concept, taken from the field of behavioural sciences, has strongly emerged in climate literature but it is potentially of interest to face any other urgent societal challenge. Due to its participatory spirit, citizen science provides a framework to further reflect on the notion of social tipping point and integrate social dimensions into any specific SDG oriented research activities. Grounded on our current CoAct EU project, the presentation will discuss a general model for a citizen social science which offers communities, groups or individuals the possibility to directly intervene into scientific research and to then actively contribute to SDGs. Citizen social science engages citizen bodies concerned with specific social issues in co-research and imagines the possibility to support demands of the public with scientific evidence. The joint effort represents itself a way to reinterpret scientific practice, much closer to collective action and policy making and very much linked to public debate. The presentation will take experiences from contexts such as climate justice, mental health care provision, air pollution exposure, gender biased interactions in public spaces among others to encourage a further enhancement of social dimensions in citizen science practices if they want to more effectively support SDGs.

The pursuit of sustainable goals entails substantial technological and scientific advancements. However, commitment and cooperation from vast segments of our societies is also required to turn the efforts into actions. Just a mention from a straightforward example: climate stabilization is not only a scientific and technological task, it also depends on activating processes of social change on several levels. An interesting concept to raise here is the social tipping point, which is a point where a group rapidly and dramatically changes its behavior by widely adopting a previously rare practice. The concept, taken from the field of behavioural sciences, has strongly emerged in climate literature but it is potentially of interest to face any other urgent societal challenge. Due to its participatory spirit, citizen science provides a framework to further reflect on the notion of social tipping point and integrate social dimensions into any specific SDG oriented research activities. Grounded on our current CoAct EU project, the presentation will discuss a general model for a citizen social science which offers communities, groups or individuals the possibility to directly intervene into scientific research and to then actively contribute to SDGs. Citizen social science engages citizen bodies concerned with specific social issues in co-research and imagines the possibility to support demands of the public with scientific evidence. The joint effort represents itself a way to reinterpret scientific practice, much closer to collective action and policy making and very much linked to public debate. The presentation will take experiences from contexts such as climate justice, mental health care provision, air pollution exposure, gender biased interactions in public spaces among others to encourage a further enhancement of social dimensions in citizen science practices if they want to more effectively support SDGs.

DISCLAIMER: The present Project Deliverable has been submitted to the European Commission for review. The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. The CoAct (Co-designing Citizen Social Science for Collective Action) project proposes to face social global issues by placing citizens in a vulnerable situation at the centre of the research. This approach represents a new understanding of Citizen Social Science (CSS), as participatory research co-designed with citizen groups sharing a social concern. One of the social issues targeted is Mental Health Care (R&I Action #1, WP3) and specifically mental health social support networks. Social support networks refer to people's social environment, which is generated informally, not professionally. In this frame, the R&I Action #1 has been co-designed with Co-Researchers (CoRes) which are persons with self-experience in mental health and relatives, acting as experts in the field. They participate to all steps of the research, together with the promotors of the research: Universitat de Barcelona-UB and Federació Salut Mental Catalunya-FSMC. This Deliverable D3.2: "Digital and non-digital tools for conducting research" describes and reflects on two tools that are cornerstones of the research co-design in this context: The Research Diary. This hardcover publication, that was tailormade for R&I Action #1, was ideated to guide the CoRes during the process of microstories co-creation. It has been proved to serve as a useful bridge between the online co-creation sessions, done in pandemic times and the CoRes' offline individual work on writing down microstories related to their personal experiences. The Chatbot. This Telegram-based chatbot is the first example, to our knowledge, of a ...

DISCLAIMER: The present Project Deliverable has been submitted to the European Commission for review. The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. _____ CoAct proposes a radically new participatory approach through "four wicked" social issues in which citizen groups act as co-researchers. The overall objective of CoAct is to develop and demonstrate the scientific relevance and social impact of Citizen Social Science, which is to date an underexplored area of citizen science. This document constitutes deliverable 8.1, CoAct Exploitation, Dissemination and Communication Plan in the framework of Work Package 8 (WP8). The plan will ensure that all communication and dissemination needs as elaborated in the CoAct WPs, alongside with the respective exploitation activities can be addressed strategically. Therefore, this strategy plan will be rooted in, and act upon, CoAct's ethical values whilst cross-linking to the project's data management plan (once in place). Considering the evolving characteristics of the project, the exploitation, dissemination and communication plan will be regularly reviewed and updated in order to ensure that its objectives are met.

DISCLAIMER: The present Project Deliverable has been submitted to the European Commission for review. The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. _____ CoAct proposes a radically new participatory approach through "four wicked" social issues in which citizen groups act as co-researchers. The overall objective of CoAct is to develop and demonstrate the scientific relevance and social impact of Citizen Social Science, which is to date an underexplored area of citizen science. This document constitutes deliverable 8.1, CoAct Exploitation, Dissemination and Communication Plan in the framework of Work Package 8 (WP8). The plan will ensure that all communication and dissemination needs as elaborated in the CoAct WPs, alongside with the respective exploitation activities can be addressed strategically. Therefore, this strategy plan will be rooted in, and act upon, CoAct's ethical values whilst cross-linking to the project's data management plan (once in place). Considering the evolving characteristics of the project, the exploitation, dissemination and communication plan will be regularly reviewed and updated in order to ensure that its objectives are met.

DISCLAIMER: The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. _____ CoAct proposes a radically new participatory approach through "four wicked" social issues in which citizen groups act as co-researchers. The overall objective of CoAct is to develop and demonstrate the scientific relevance and social impact of Citizen Social Science, which is to date an underexplored area of citizen science. This document constitutes deliverable 8.1, CoAct Exploitation, Dissemination and Communication Plan in the framework of Work Package 8 (WP8). The plan will ensure that all communication and dissemination needs as elaborated in the CoAct WPs, alongside with the respective exploitation activities can be addressed strategically. Therefore, this strategy plan will be rooted in, and act upon, CoAct's ethical values whilst cross-linking to the project's data management plan (once in place). Considering the evolving characteristics of the project, the exploitation, dissemination and communication plan will be regularly reviewed and updated in order to ensure that its objectives are met.

High future discounting rates favor inaction on present expend- ing while lower rates advise for a more immediate political action. A possible approach to this key issue in global economy is to take historical time series for nominal interest rates and inflation, and to construct then real interest rates and finally obtaining the resulting discount rate according to a specific stochastic model. Extended periods of negative real interest rates, in which inflation dominates over nominal rates, are commonly observed, occurring in many epochs and in all countries. This feature leads us to choose a well-known model in statistical physics, the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model, as a basic dynamical tool in which real interest rates randomly fluctuate and can become negative, even if they tend to revert to a positive mean value. By covering 14 countries over hundreds of years we suggest different scenarios and include an error analysis in order to consider the impact of statistical uncertainty in our results. We find that only 4 of the countries have positive long-run discount rates while the other ten coun- tries have negative rates. Even if one rejects the countries where hyperinflation has occurred, our results support the need to consider low discounting rates. The results provided by these fourteen countries significantly increase the prior- ity of confronting global actions such as climate change mitigation. We finally extend the analysis by first allowing for fluctuations of the mean level in the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model and secondly by considering modified versions of the Feller and lognormal models. In both cases, results remain basically unchanged thus demonstrating the robustness of the results presented.

This book is the culmination of the COST Action CA15212 Citizen Science to Promote Creativity, Scientific Literacy, and Innovation throughout Europe. It represents the final stage of a shared journey taken over the last 4 years. During this relatively short period, our citizen science practices and perspectives have rapidly evolved. In this chapter we discuss what we have learnt about the recent past of citizen science and what we expect and hope for the future.

Editorial – The Science of Citizen Science Evolves -- Chapter 1: What Is Citizen Science? The Challenges of Definition -- Chapter 2: Citizen Science in Europe -- Part I: Citizen Science as Science -- Chapter 3: Science as a Commons: Improving the Governance of Knowledge through Citizen Science -- Chapter 4: Citizen Science in the Natural Sciences -- Chapter 5: Citizen Humanities -- Chapter 6: Citizen Social Science: New and Established Approaches to Participation in Social Research -- Chapter 7: Data Quality in Citizen Science -- Chapter 8: A Conceptual Model for Participants and Activities in Citizen Science Projects -- Chapter 9: Machine Learning in Citizen Science: Promises and Implications -- Chapter 10: Participation and Co-creation in Citizen Science -- Chapter 11: Citizen Science, Health, and Environmental Justice -- Part II: Citizen Science in Society -- Chapter 12: Participants in Citizen Science -- Chapter 13: Inclusiveness and Diversity in Citizen Science -- Chapter 14: Learning in Citizen Science Chapter -- Chapter 15: Citizen Science Case Studies and Their Impacts on Social Innovation -- Chapter 16: Science as a Lever: The Roles and Power of Civil Society Organisations in Citizen Science -- Chapter 17: Citizen Science and Policy -- Chapter 18: Creating Positive Environmental Impact through Citizen Science -- Chapter 19: Ethical Challenges and Dynamic Informed Consent -- Part III: Citizen Science in Practice -- Chapter 20: Finding What You Need: A Guide to Citizen Science Guidelines -- Chapter 21: Citizen Science Platforms -- Chapter 22: Citizen Science in the Digital World of Apps -- Chapter 23: Communication and Dissemination in Citizen Science -- Chapter 24: Evaluation in Citizen Science: The Art of Tracing a Moving Target Part IV: Conclusions / Lessons Learnt -- Chapter 25: The Recent Past and Possible Futures of Citizen Science: Final Remarks. .

This open access book discusses how the involvement of citizens into scientific endeavors is expected to contribute to solve the big challenges of our time, such as climate change and the loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities within and between societies, and the sustainability turn. The field of citizen science has been growing in recent decades. Many different stakeholders from scientists to citizens and from policy makers to environmental organisations have been involved in its practice. In addition, many scientists also study citizen science as a research approach and as a way for science and society to interact and collaborate. This book provides a representation of the practices as well as scientific and societal outcomes in different disciplines. It reflects the contribution of citizen science to societal development, education, or innovation and provides and overview of the field of actors as well as on tools and guidelines. It serves as an introduction for anyone who wants to get involved in and learn more about the science of citizen science.

DISCLAIMER: The present Project Deliverable has been submitted to the European Commission for review. The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. ___ The CoAct (Co-designing Citizen Social Science for Collective Action) project proposes to face social global issues by placing citizens in a vulnerable situation at the centre of the research. This approach represents a new understanding of Citizen Social Science (CSS), as participatory research co-designed with citizen groups sharing a social concern. One of the social issues targeted is Mental Health Care (R&I Action #1, WP3) and this report corresponds to Deliverable D3.1 Report on Knowledge Coalition building. The research background of this R&I Action has been constructed based of the different but complementary experiences of the two main CoAct partners involved. While the OpenSystems research group (Universitat de Barcelona) has built a research methodology based on Citizen Social Science and citizen's participation, Federació Salut Mental Catalunya has decades of experience in community mental health care activism and cooperative projects, situating the individuals withan experience of mental health and their families at the centre of this process. Based on these complementary experiences, the research has been oriented to mental health social support networks, referring to people's social environment, which is generated informally, not professionally. The report describes the different step of the Knowledge Coalition building, formed by representatives of public administrations, civil society organisations and co-researchers, acting in representation of their institutions. After a detailed mapping of the local, national and international institutions, a ...