Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the study of the needs for counseling from parents of primary school students on a wide range of psychological, pedagogical, and legal issues. The analysis of parental competence deficiencies helps to identify and clarify growth points in the psychological well-being of parents and their children. Coun-seling needs were identified through a survey of parents of primary school students aged 6 to 11 years (n = 11436). The analysis of the most popular parental requests covers the topics of the development of abili-ties, independence, and learning ability of the child, issues of digital socialization, and problems of stress and anxiety. There is a tendency to decrease the total number of requests from parents of primary school students for consultation throughout the primary school period. This fact may be associated, on the one hand, with an increased risk of psychological distress for children and parents during the crisis period of adaptation to school and, on the other hand, with an increase in the confidence and awareness of the parents of primary school stu-dents and, accordingly, a decrease in their parental anxiety. In contrast to the parents of first-graders, the par-ents of eight-year-old primary school students are less interested in the topics of speech therapy assistance to the child, the formation of reading and writing skills, and incorrect pronunciation of sounds. At the same time, they are more interested in the issues of academic failure and independence of the pupil. Parents of nine-year-old primary school students tend to decrease requests for speech therapy counseling and learning independence issues, but there is an increase in the demand for counseling on digital socialization of the child (e.g., addiction to computer games). The trend of increasing parents' interest in the topic of digital socialization of a child in-creases significantly by the age of ten. Parent requests were analyzed using hierarchical clustering (binary dis-tances, Ward's method), which allowed combining requests into two large clusters. The first cluster of parent requests, the most demanded, is designated as «Learning, Ability, and Stress» and includes 18 parent requests for counseling assistance. This cluster is divided into two subgroups: «Learning Difficulties» and «Develop-ment of Abilities, Coping with Stress and Anxiety». The second subgroup is divided into two independent groups: «Development of Abilities and Digital Competence» and «Stress and Anxiety». The second cluster, «Organization of Learning, Undesirable Behavior, and Communication Difficulties», has a complex structure and contains 8 separate subgroups, which are combined into 3 subclusters: «Organization of Study, Recreation, Reading, Digital and Home Learning», «Undesirable Behavior, and Legal Requests», and «Difficulties with Using, Pronouncing, and Understanding Speech». The two identified clusters reflect two sides of the primary school students' socialization: the internal dynamics of socialization and the external conditions for its success.

The article presents and develops a system-integrative approach in relation to the holistic cognition of the individuality of a student as a subject of education. It develops, on the one hand, Merlin's theory of inte-gral individuality and, on the other hand, the system approach in terms of its application in pedagogical practice. It is proposed to consider the interaction of the systems of a subject, integral individuality, and cognition as a polysystem. In this model, a subject is understood as an active entity whose manifestations are externally observable and can be recognized by others. Integral individuality is a self-developing and self-regulating system consistingof relatively closed subsystems (levels) of the integral large system «man –society». Cognition is studied in the aspect of pedagogical cognition of a student, which inte-grates the structures of the student's self-cognition and the teacher's or parent's reflective knowledge in the interaction with this student. It is possible to talk about holistic cognition of a student's individuality when his integral individuality becomes an object of cognition on the part of a teacher, parent, and the student himself. The novelty and theoretical significance of the work are determined by the fact that it fits into the currently developing area of psychological science: the development of tools for psychodiagnos-tic research that are in demand in pedagogical and social practice. The practical significance lies in the fact that it opens up the way for the development of new programs and technologies of human cognition.

The article deals with industrial toponymy of the Perm region – the historical and modern names of deposits and mines of natural resources (coal, iron, copper, oil). This group of toponyms of the anthropogenic landscape is described thematically, studied in terms of its origin, and characterized as a carrier of historical and cultural information about the region's economic development. In the description provided, the names are grouped according to the object of nomination – the older names of the deposits of coal, copper and iron and the relatively recent names of the gas and oil fields. Within these groups, we study historical and recent names, which are grouped according to the geography of distribution, trace their origin, associated with the development of the mining industry of the region. We have established that the dominant role in the formation of the names of the deposits belongs to metonymy, with the help of which the correspondence between the objects of space is indicated by means of association by contiguity. The paper describes the groups of toponyms that perform identificatory, localizing, and memorial functions (with the last one being aimed at commemorating significant events, discoverers and outstanding people). The function most important for industrial toponymy is the nominative functions itself. In a number of cases, the studied names are considered to be a reflection of mental ideas about the division of geological space by a person. It is concluded that that the names of the deposits reflect the main stages of the region's economic development and are of certain interest for the study of the historical, cultural and linguistic specifics of the region. In order to obtain cultural information on these names, it is important to take into account their close relationship with hydronyms, oikonyms, as well as with anthroponymic names (names, surnames, nicknames).

The article discusses the relationship between the formal-dynamic characteristics of individuality and the properties of the value-semantic sphere of personality. It is suggested that in case of detecting such an interrelationship, it may be the evidence in favor of the subject's desire to harmonize their own individuality and to make the interaction of its multilevel characteristics consistent. A research sample consisted of 463 people, including 219 girls and 244 young men aged 15 to 24 (M = 18.9; SD = 2.0). Based on a wide range of methods aimed at studying temperament traits, values and meanings, the authors identified generalized formal-dynamic characteristics of individuality. They are emotional stability – emotional instability, extraversion – introversion, psychoticism – superego strength, formal-dynamic features of intelligence, psychomotor endurance. Likewise, generalized indicators of the value-semantic sphere of personality, i.e. value-based orientations and life-purpose orientations, were detected. For this purpose, the following statistical methods were used: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). A close interdependence between the indicators of temperament and the value-semantic sphere of personality was found. To study the level of stability of the detected structure, a gender invariance test was carried out, which showed high consistency of the structure in male and female samples. The main hypothesis of the study was confirmed.

The paper is aimed at examining criminal prosecution of the collaborationists, which is one of the most important activities of the post-war Soviet state security bodies. The research is based on the files of state security bodies in the Molotov region. In historiography, the issue is in general explored. Particularly, some papers describe well the evolution of legislative environment for criminal justice and penal sanctions for collaborationism. However, scholars, as a rule, do not verify information that can be found in official documents. Therefore, the author focuses mainly on the opportunities of using the investigations' files as sources for the assessment of validity of imputations of collaborationism. The source analysis shows that, in general, a style of the significant part of accused persons' evidences which can be found in the records of interrogations, bills of indictment, and other materials of the studied trials, shows an adequate representation of the most part of events. The author demonstrates that the state security bodies of Molotov region did an important work for the state and society, disclosing collaborationists and initiating criminal prosecution against them. They did a large-scale and intensive work to identify the criminals and prove their guilt. The analysis of declassified documents of investigation bodies and tribunals lets the author to conclude that a large part of those evidences are persuasive. However, the ability to extend the research results to the activity of the state security service as a whole depends on whether historians would have the opportunity for studying all the doc- Уголовное преследование … 117 uments of the Soviet state security service of the war and post-war period dealing with the trials against collaborationists

The article deals with the specific features of the dramatic conflict in the plays of the modern playwright, director, actor Ivan Vyrypaev (born in 1974), who works in Russia and Poland. We explore the nature of the conflict in his plays written in the 2010s (Iranian Conference (2017), Disquiet (2018) and others). In that period, new tendencies in the development of the dramatic conflict appeared in Vyrypaev's works, with the conflict being based on the clash not between characters, as before, but between discourses: currently relevant ideas, statements, the rules and attitudes behind them determined by public moods. This strategy clearly reflects the author's position: the playwright understands his text as an opportunity to represent discourse, as he has often mentioned in his interviews. The material of the study determined the research methodology: the discursive nature of Vyrypaev's drama is analyzed using the ideas and methods of discourse analysis developed by Michel Foucault, Teun van Dijk, etc. In the course of research, we analyzed Vyrypaev's play Closed Study. New Constructive Ethics (2021) in detail. The analysis has shown that the conflict in the play develops consistently: from the representation of currently relevant discourses to their dramatic collision. Further, the very reliability of discourses, of their boundaries is problematized through the construction of double communication: communication is built not only between the characters on stage but also between the author and the audience. In Closed Research. New Constructive Ethics, currently relevant discourses of the 'new ethics' are deconstructed. The audience sees on stage a conflict imperceptible to the characters, formed both by the contradiction between discourses and by the viewer's knowledge of the characters' off-stage life circumstances. Understanding the discursive nature of the conflict in Vyrypaev's plays expands the existing understanding of the Russian 'new drama' as a whole.

The Russian political police were constantly reformed depending on changes in the domestic political situation in the country. Since 1867, provincial gendarmerie administration became an important part of it. Starting their activities as controlling bodies, the State Police gradually turned into basic units of political investigation with broad investigative powers and with a fairly extensive range of responsibilities in general. At the same time, at the local level they remained the most massive institutions of political investigation, which existed until the fall of the tsarist regime in 1917. In the article, on the basis of archival material, the author for the first time considers the process of formation of the Perm provincial Gendarmerie Administration (PPGA) and identifies the issues faced during the formation. He also identifies PGWU officer personnel as well as for the first time he publishes lists of non-commissioned officers of the first enlistment to the PGWU observation staff.