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Cet article examine les actions de l'Unicef (United Nations Children's Emergency Fund) en faveur des enfants de l'Amérique centrale. Il analyse plus particulièrement les relations avec les autres organismes internationaux présents dans la région. En tant que successeur de l' UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration), le Fonds continue à utiliser du personnel euro-américain et à appliquer des procédures appropriées à l'aide humanitaire. Dans le domaine de la nutrition, l'Unicef offre des prestations standard à court terme – pour l'essentiel la distribution du lait en poudre – même si la perpétuation de ces pratiques n'est pas viable en Amérique centrale. Au début des années 1960, sous la pression d'autres organismes internationaux ainsi qu'après les expériences du personnel sur le terrain, l'Unicef se transforme lentement en une agence qui se consacre à des plans de développement à long terme.

Twists, Turns and Dead Alleys: The League of Nations and Intellectual Cooperation in Times of War In recent years, historians of international organisations have asserted a strong continuity between pre- and post-war organisations. This article examines the wartime transitions in the field of intellectual cooperation and traces the fate of the League's International Commission on Intellectual Cooperation (CICI) and its executive arm, the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (IICI) in Paris. Even though both the CICI and the IICIC were officially dormant after 1940, representatives of intellectual cooperation such as Henri Bonnet, James T. Shotwell and Gilbert Murray sought ways to continue their work. During the war, such initiatives seemed most promising in the Western hemisphere, where Latin American and US American protagonists planned to continue the League's work in Havana. Paradoxically, the increased importance of intellectual cooperation and cultural exchange and especially the engagement of the US and the British governments towards 1945 led to a break with the League's institutions, which were perceived as too weak. The postwar organisation UNESCO was in fact built on a different, more strictly inter-governmental basis than the League's ICO and also pursued different aims that reflected the shifts in global alliances.

AbstractAfter the world food crisis of the early 1970s, food policies became a 'national priority' for Colombian development. Colombia was the first country to implement the multi-sectoral approach proposed by international organisations. However, in the past 30 years Colombian governments have presented nutrition as a minor health issue. During the recent world food crisis, the government insisted that Colombia was one of the most food-secure countries in the world. In seemingly similar circumstances, why was food policy made a priority in the 1970s and not in the new millennium? We address this question with the help of securitisation theory. We argue that in the 1970s, the government successfully securitised the food issue in the context of a reduction of external food aid and a failed land reform. Recent national governments (as opposed to some local governments) have had little interest in a securitising move since the related food sovereignty discourses threaten their free market policies.

Früher waren Bildung, Gesundheit und Armut in Entwicklungsländern vornehmlich Gegenstand von Politik und Entwicklungsökonomie. Heute nehmen sich zunehmend auch multinationale Unternehmen (MNU) dieser Themen im Rahmen von Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) an. Bei CSR geht es im Wesentlichen darum, dass Unternehmen nicht allein für die Regelbefolgung (Compliance) verantwortlich sind, sondern sie sich aktiveren Formen des Engagements hinwenden sollen: Weg von der Schadensminimierung, hin zu einer verantwortlichen Wertschöpfung (Luetkenhorst 2004), bei der Unternehmen vermehrt öffentliche Güter anbieten und an lokalen wie globalen Governance-Prozessen beteiligt sind, und dabei jenseits rein instrumenteller CSR-Ansätze selbst politische Akteure werden, die manchmal Leerräume lokaler Governance ausfüllen ("Politische CSR", Scherer und Palazzo 2011). Diese Arbeit untersucht den Beitrag, den Unternehmen in Gemeinschaften, in denen sie tätig sind, leisten. Die Forschungsfrage lautet: Wie schaffen Schweizer MNU und lokale Gemeinden Strategien und Initiativen, um gemeinsam wirkungsvolle CSR-Projekte in Brasilien und Ecuador umzusetzen? Iris Marion Youngs "Social Connection Model of Responsibility" bietet einen geeigneten theoretischen Bezugsrahmen, um Verantwortlichkeiten in CSR-Gemeindeprojekten zu prüfen. Denn: "Alle Akteure, die durch ihre Handlungen zu strukturellen Prozessen beitragen, die zu Ungerechtigkeiten führen, stehen in der Verantwortung, diese Ungerechtigkeiten zu bekämpfen" (Young 2006, 102, meine Übersetzung). Mit Hilfe dieses Modells werden in drei qualitativen Fallstudien Nestlés Bottom-of-the-Pyramid-Mikrodistributionssystem in São Paolo, Holcims lokales Engagement in Barroso (Brasilien) und die sektorübergreifende Partnerschaft von Alianza Suiza in Ecuador verglichen. Dabei erweist sich Corporate Community Involvement (CCI) als empfehlenswerte Form der Governance und Unternehmensstrategie, um in

This handbook is the first systematic overview of the history of development ideas, themes, and actors in the twentieth century. The book reflects on its blind spots, points out avenues for future research, and brings together a greater plurality of regions, actors, and approaches than other publications on the subject

"This bold and ambitious handbook is the first systematic overview of the history of development ideas, themes, and actors in the twentieth century. Taking stock of the field, the book reflects on its blind spots, points out avenues for future research, and brings together a greater plurality of regions, actors, and approaches than other publications on the subject. The book offers a critical reassessment of how historical experiences have shaped contemporary understandings of development, demonstrating that the seemingly self-evident concept of development has been contingent on a combination of material conditions, power structures, and policy choices at different times and in different places. Using a world history approach, the handbook highlights similarities in development challenges across time and space, and it pays attention to the meanings of ideological, cultural, and economic divides in shaping different understandings and practices of development. Taking a thematic approach, the book shows how different actors - governments, non-governmental organizations, individuals, corporations, and international organizations - have responded to concerns regarding the conditions in their own or in other societies, such as the provision of education, health, or food; approaches to infrastructure development and industrialization; the adjustment of social conditions; population policies and migration; and the maintenance of stability and security. Bringing together a range of voices from across the globe, this book will be perfect for advanced students and researchers of international development history"--

"This bold and ambitious handbook is the first systematic overview of the history of development ideas, themes, and actors in the twentieth century. Taking stock of the field, the book reflects on its blind spots, points out avenues for future research, and brings together a greater plurality of regions, actors, and approaches than other publications on the subject. The book offers a critical reassessment of how historical experiences have shaped contemporary understandings of development, demonstrating that the seemingly self-evident concept of development has been contingent on a combination of material conditions, power structures, and policy choices at different times and in different places. Using a world history approach, the handbook highlights similarities in development challenges across time and space, and it pays attention to the meanings of ideological, cultural, and economic divides in shaping different understandings and practices of development. Taking a thematic approach, the book shows how different actors - governments, non-governmental organizations, individuals, corporations, and international organizations - have responded to concerns regarding the conditions in their own or in other societies, such as the provision of education, health, or food; approaches to infrastructure development and industrialization; the adjustment of social conditions; population policies and migration; and the maintenance of stability and security. Bringing together a range of voices from across the globe, this book will be perfect for advanced students and researchers of international development history"--

"This bold and ambitious handbook is the first systematic overview of the history of development ideas, themes, and actors in the twentieth century. Taking stock of the field, the book reflects on its blind spots, points out avenues for future research, and brings together a greater plurality of regions, actors, and approaches than other publications on the subject. The book offers a critical reassessment of how historical experiences have shaped contemporary understandings of development, demonstrating that the seemingly self-evident concept of development has been contingent on a combination of material conditions, power structures, and policy choices at different times and in different places. Using a world history approach, the handbook highlights similarities in development challenges across time and space, and it pays attention to the meanings of ideological, cultural, and economic divides in shaping different understandings and practices of development. Taking a thematic approach, the book shows how different actors - governments, non-governmental organizations, individuals, corporations, and international organizations - have responded to concerns regarding the conditions in their own or in other societies, such as the provision of education, health, or food; approaches to infrastructure development and industrialization; the adjustment of social conditions; population policies and migration; and the maintenance of stability and security. Bringing together a range of voices from across the globe, this book will be perfect for advanced students and researchers of international development history"--

Coreografías transculturales es un homenaje a una vida de investigación interdisciplinar. A lo largo de su extensa carrera, Yvette Sánchez ha experimentado una y otra vez con las porosas fronteras entre disciplinas utilizando sus intersecciones para poner en escena audaces pas-de-deux alejados de lo convencional. De esta forma, ha enriquecido la investigación sobre cuestiones transculturales conectándola, entre otras cosas, con la práctica empresarial. Esta publicación conmemorativa busca reflejar las múltiples facetas de su obra y reúne contribuciones de campos tan diversos como la antropología o la lírica. Choreographien transkultureller Begegnungen feiert ein Leben für interdisziplinäre Forschung: In ihrer gesamten Karriere experimentierte Yvette Sánchez immer wieder mit den porösen Grenzen zwischen den Disziplinen und nutzte deren Schnittflächen, um unkonventionelle Pas-de-deux zu inszenieren. Dadurch konnte sie die Forschung zu transkulturellen Fragestellungen bereichern und mit der unternehmerischen Praxis verbinden. Diese Festschrift spiegelt die enorme Vielfalt von Yvette Sánchez' Schaffen wider und vereint Beiträge aus so unterschiedlichen Bereichen wie der Anthropologie und der Lyrik. Choreographing Transcultural Encounters celebrates a life in academia: throughout her career, Yvette Sánchez experimented with the permeability of disciplinary boundaries and used overlaps to choreograph unconventional pas-de-deux. She thus enriched the field of transcultural studies not only with novel contributions, but also with her attempts at bringing research into a dialogue with business practice. This liber amicorum reflects the many facets of Yvette Sánchez oeuvre and combines contributions from anthropology to poetry and beyond