Suchergebnisse

In the present period of drastic technological changes, the best way of increasing the innovative capacity of an economy is no longer to accumulate resources in strategic fields nor to increase incentives to private firms and other actors, but to develop networks of creative interrelations between them. This depends more on collective processes than on traditional public decisions. In that perspective, local synergies and properly organised capacities of territorial structures are of great potential. In this paper it is proposed that the conception of technology policy be revised along such lines. Careful analyses of far-reaching experiences like Sophia-Antipolis bring about creative insights and help to build effective technology policies. In the first part of the paper the history of Sophia-Antipolis is analysed in the perspective of technology policy. In the second part we draw lessons regarding two issues: The territorial basis of technology policy, and the new forms of 'public' action.

International audience ; Much is known about levee from their design towards their decommissioning - including their construction, failure and degradation modes, diagnosis approaches, regulation of concern, etc. - though the information is scattered and sometimes lacks clarity. Some of the knowledge is not explicit but tacit. Knowledge exists in different formats such as texts, photographs and videos. New knowledge is generated over time. Consequently, it is interesting to develop tools that allow gathering, capitalizing, making explicit, disseminating current and future information. In this article, two tools aiming at disseminating knowledge on levees are presented. On the one hand, the article presents WikiBarDig (http://wikibardig.developpementdurable.gouv.fr/index.php/ Portail:Wikibardig), developed by Irstea and held by the French Ministry of Ecology (Ministère de la Transition Ecologique et Solidaire). This knowledge base aims at capitalizing and disseminating knowledge on hydraulic works (dams and levees). It is susceptible to interest a wide section of the public including students, teachers, and debutant and experienced engineers in the domain working for different organisations such as government inspection services, engineering offices, regional authorities, entities managing and owning structures. On the other hand, the article presents technical sessions managed by France Digues Association. These sessions provide forums for discussion, debate and meetings for levee managers. These two complementary tools currently present a specific interest due to the introduction of the GEMAPI (Aquatic Environment Management and Flood Prevention) competency since 2018/01/01, particularly for the section concerning protection against flood and sea. Indeed, these tools can support the communities or engineering during the implementation of this new competence. ; Les connaissances sur la vie des ouvrages hydrauliques, de leur conception à leur démantèlement ou abandon - en passant par leur réalisation, leurs modes de rupture et dégradation, les méthodologies de reconnaissance et de diagnostic, la réglementation associée, etc. - sont nombreuses mais dispersées. Une partie de ces connaissances n'est pas explicite mais tacite. Elles présentent en outre des formats différents tels que, entre autres, textes, formules, photographies ou vidéos. De nouvelles connaissances sont créées au fil du temps. Il est donc intéressant de proposer des outils aptes à rassembler, capitaliser, expliciter et diffuser les connaissances actuelles et futures. Dans cet article sont présentées deux expériences visant à diffuser la connaissance sur les digues. Il s'agit d'une part, de l'outil WikiBarDig (http://wikibardig.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/index.php/Portail:Wikibardig), développé par Irstea et hébergé sur le site du Ministère de la Transition Écologique et Solidaire. Cette base de connaissance a pour objectif de capitaliser et diffuser les savoirs sur les ouvrages hydrauliques (barrages et digues). Il s'adresse à des publics pouvant être variés : étudiants, enseignants, ingénieurs débutants ou confirmés sur le domaine pouvant appartenir à différents organismes tels que services de contrôle de l'État, bureaux d'études, collectivités territoriales, gestionnaires et propriétaires d'ouvrages, établissements de recherche et d'enseignement. D'autre part, il s'agit des journées techniques organisées par l'association France Digues. Ces journées fournissent des lieux d'échanges, de débats et de rencontres des professionnels de la gestion des digues. Ces 2 outils complémentaires trouvent actuellement une résonance particulière avec l'instauration de la compétence GEMAPI (Gestion des Milieux Aquatiques et Prévention des Inondations) depuis le 1er janvier 2018, notamment pour le volet concernant la défense contre les inondations et contre la mer. Ils peuvent en effet constituer une aide auprès des collectivités ou des bureaux d'études en appui pour la mise en oeuvre de cette nouvelle compétence.

International audience ; Much is known about levee from their design towards their decommissioning - including their construction, failure and degradation modes, diagnosis approaches, regulation of concern, etc. - though the information is scattered and sometimes lacks clarity. Some of the knowledge is not explicit but tacit. Knowledge exists in different formats such as texts, photographs and videos. New knowledge is generated over time. Consequently, it is interesting to develop tools that allow gathering, capitalizing, making explicit, disseminating current and future information. In this article, two tools aiming at disseminating knowledge on levees are presented. On the one hand, the article presents WikiBarDig (http://wikibardig.developpementdurable.gouv.fr/index.php/ Portail:Wikibardig), developed by Irstea and held by the French Ministry of Ecology (Ministère de la Transition Ecologique et Solidaire). This knowledge base aims at capitalizing and disseminating knowledge on hydraulic works (dams and levees). It is susceptible to interest a wide section of the public including students, teachers, and debutant and experienced engineers in the domain working for different organisations such as government inspection services, engineering offices, regional authorities, entities managing and owning structures. On the other hand, the article presents technical sessions managed by France Digues Association. These sessions provide forums for discussion, debate and meetings for levee managers. These two complementary tools currently present a specific interest due to the introduction of the GEMAPI (Aquatic Environment Management and Flood Prevention) competency since 2018/01/01, particularly for the section concerning protection against flood and sea. Indeed, these tools can support the communities or engineering during the implementation of this new competence. ; Les connaissances sur la vie des ouvrages hydrauliques, de leur conception à leur démantèlement ou abandon - en passant par leur réalisation, leurs modes ...

International audience ; Demand for vulnerability assessments is growing in policy-making circles, to support the choice of appropriate measures and policies to reduce the vulnerability of water users and resources. Through the SHIVA ANR project, we are seeking a method to assess and map the vulnerability of farmers in southern India to both climate and socioeconomic changes, and secondly, to assess the costs and benefits associated with trends farmers' vulnerability in the medium and long-term. The project is focusing on southern India 's hard rock area, as in the geological context, both surface and ground water resources are naturally limited. We are also focusing on farming populations as these are the main water users in the area and rely exclusively on groundwater. The area covers southern India's semi-arid zone, where the rainfall gradient ranges from 600 mm to 1100 mm. Vulnerability is expected to vary according to local climatic conditions but also the socioeconomic characteristics of farming households. The SHIVA research team has been divided into six thematic groups in order to address the different scientific issues : downscaling the regional climate scenario, farm area projections, vulnerability assessments and quantification, vulnerability mapping, hydrological modelling and upscaling, and vulnerability impact assessements. Our approach is multidisciplinary to cater for for numerous inherent themes, and integrated to cater for vulnerability as a dynamic and multidimensional concept. The project 's first results after 10 months of research are presented below.

International audience ; Demand for vulnerability assessments is growing in policy-making circles, to support the choice of appropriate measures and policies to reduce the vulnerability of water users and resources. Through the SHIVA ANR project, we are seeking a method to assess and map the vulnerability of farmers in southern India to both climate and socioeconomic changes, and secondly, to assess the costs and benefits associated with trends farmers' vulnerability in the medium and long-term. The project is focusing on southern India 's hard rock area, as in the geological context, both surface and ground water resources are naturally limited. We are also focusing on farming populations as these are the main water users in the area and rely exclusively on groundwater. The area covers southern India's semi-arid zone, where the rainfall gradient ranges from 600 mm to 1100 mm. Vulnerability is expected to vary according to local climatic conditions but also the socioeconomic characteristics of farming households. The SHIVA research team has been divided into six thematic groups in order to address the different scientific issues : downscaling the regional climate scenario, farm area projections, vulnerability assessments and quantification, vulnerability mapping, hydrological modelling and upscaling, and vulnerability impact assessements. Our approach is multidisciplinary to cater for for numerous inherent themes, and integrated to cater for vulnerability as a dynamic and multidimensional concept. The project 's first results after 10 months of research are presented below.

International audience ; Demand for vulnerability assessments is growing in policy-making circles, to support the choice of appropriate measures and policies to reduce the vulnerability of water users and resources. Through the SHIVA ANR project, we are seeking a method to assess and map the vulnerability of farmers in southern India to both climate and socioeconomic changes, and secondly, to assess the costs and benefits associated with trends farmers' vulnerability in the medium and long-term. The project is focusing on southern India 's hard rock area, as in the geological context, both surface and ground water resources are naturally limited. We are also focusing on farming populations as these are the main water users in the area and rely exclusively on groundwater. The area covers southern India's semi-arid zone, where the rainfall gradient ranges from 600 mm to 1100 mm. Vulnerability is expected to vary according to local climatic conditions but also the socioeconomic characteristics of farming households. The SHIVA research team has been divided into six thematic groups in order to address the different scientific issues : downscaling the regional climate scenario, farm area projections, vulnerability assessments and quantification, vulnerability mapping, hydrological modelling and upscaling, and vulnerability impact assessements. Our approach is multidisciplinary to cater for for numerous inherent themes, and integrated to cater for vulnerability as a dynamic and multidimensional concept. The project 's first results after 10 months of research are presented below.