Suchergebnisse

Thèse confinancée par l'ADEME (Agence du Développement de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de L'Energie)et Plastic Omnium Systèmes Urbains. Membres du jury: Pierre DUMOLARD, directeur de thèse (professeur à l'IGA), Maryse GUIGO, examinateur,(professeur à l'IGA), Robert LAURINI, rapporteur,(professeur à l'INSA), Etienne LE ROY, examinateur,(ingénieur à l'ADEME), Martine TABEAUD, rapporteur,(déléguée générale du Conseil national du recyclage) Sylviane OBERLE, examinateur. ; Policy makers and waste managers now have to try to set up services that meet the expectations of the users from a qualitative point of view, and that also meet the legal and regulatory requirements. These evolutions in waste management eventually result in new information needs. This aim is not easy to reach because it involves pre-requisite information from local governments: What are the needed information ? What is their nature? What is their potential source? How to obtain them? This research aims at identifying what are the essential or merely relevant information to optimize the management of domestic waste and what means should be used to obtain these information. The main goal is to provide spatialized efficiency benchmarks for these territories, so that the management of their domestic waste can be better understood, then optimized. ; Les responsables de la gestion des déchets ménagers et les décideurs doivent aujourd'hui tenter de mettre en place un service qui réponde qualitativement aux attentes des usagers et qui respecte les normes législatives et réglementaires. Les évolutions de la gestion des déchets entraînent inévitablement un besoin en informations. Cet objectif n'est pas évident à atteindre car il implique indubitablement la nécessité pour les collectivités locales d'informations préalables. Quelles sont ces informations ? De quelles natures sont-elles ? D'où proviennent-elles ? Comment les obtenir ?Cette recherche porte sur l'identification des informations indispensables ou simplement pertinentes pour une optimisation des schémas de gestion des déchets ménagers, et sur les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour obtenir ces informations. L'objectif est de présenter des indicateurs de performances à référence spatiale sur ces territoires afin de mieux cerner puis optimiser leur gestion des déchets ménagers.

Thèse confinancée par l'ADEME (Agence du Développement de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de L'Energie)et Plastic Omnium Systèmes Urbains. Membres du jury: Pierre DUMOLARD, directeur de thèse (professeur à l'IGA), Maryse GUIGO, examinateur,(professeur à l'IGA), Robert LAURINI, rapporteur,(professeur à l'INSA), Etienne LE ROY, examinateur,(ingénieur à l'ADEME), Martine TABEAUD, rapporteur,(déléguée générale du Conseil national du recyclage) Sylviane OBERLE, examinateur. ; Policy makers and waste managers now have to try to set up services that meet the expectations of the users from a qualitative point of view, and that also meet the legal and regulatory requirements. These evolutions in waste management eventually result in new information needs. This aim is not easy to reach because it involves pre-requisite information from local governments: What are the needed information ? What is their nature? What is their potential source? How to obtain them? This research aims at identifying what are the essential or merely relevant information to optimize the management of domestic waste and what means should be used to obtain these information. The main goal is to provide spatialized efficiency benchmarks for these territories, so that the management of their domestic waste can be better understood, then optimized. ; Les responsables de la gestion des déchets ménagers et les décideurs doivent aujourd'hui tenter de mettre en place un service qui réponde qualitativement aux attentes des usagers et qui respecte les normes législatives et réglementaires. Les évolutions de la gestion des déchets entraînent inévitablement un besoin en informations. Cet objectif n'est pas évident à atteindre car il implique indubitablement la nécessité pour les collectivités locales d'informations préalables. Quelles sont ces informations ? De quelles natures sont-elles ? D'où proviennent-elles ? Comment les obtenir ?Cette recherche porte sur l'identification des informations indispensables ou simplement pertinentes pour une optimisation ...

Massive twentieth century immigration in Belgium led to the emergence of a profoundly diverse society. However, until the 1980s, since a particularly restrictive nationality law was in force, it was believed that nationality-based distinctions adequately addressed the issue. But since 1984, the many reforms to the Code of Belgian citizenship have strongly challenged the consensus. In fact, Belgian nationality became one of the simplest national statuses to acquire in Europe, and nationality-based statistics reflect the action for nationality law and the consequences of the waves of immigration. Wedged between France and the Netherlands – two countries with radically different approaches to understanding diversity – Belgium has made the ethnic reference a taboo, especially in French-speaking regions. However, the need to grasp the situation of foreign-born populations seems to be slowly gaining momentum from a scientific and political perspective, especially with regards to the nation's response to discrimination. Despite the marked divergences that still exist, the nation seems to be developing statistics on national origin based on objective criteria such as the place of birth and nationality of an individual and his/her ascendants, and, even though it is not used, this information is recorded by the extended administrative records system. This chapter presents the methodological choices that are emerging despite continuing opposition and their implications.

Das Editorial bietet einen Überblick über die Beiträge des vorliegenden Hefts. […] "Aufgrund der eingegangenen Artikel haben die Autoren einen Versuch der Klassifizierung unternommen und dabei folgende Normativitätsbezüge in der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Forschung ausmachen können: A. Orientierung an sozial anerkannten Werten und Normen und gegebenenfalls Überprüfung ihrer Berücksichtigung in der Praxis, B. Vorgabe von theoriegeleiteten bzw. evidenz-basierten Standards, Rahmenkonzepten oder Qualitätsmerkmalen, die für die Praxis handlungsleitenden Charakter haben, und schliesslich C. Überprüfung des Vorhandenseins wissenschaftlich anerkannter Normen, Standards oder Qualitätsmerkmale in der Praxis bzw. in der berufspraktischen Ausbildung. Selbstverständlich handelt es sich bei dieser Klassifizierung um ein Raster, das keine Allgemeingültigkeit beansprucht, sondern induktiv aus den vorliegenden Artikeln hergeleitet worden ist." (DIPF/Orig.)

Das Editorial bietet einen Überblick über die Beiträge des vorliegenden Hefts. […] "Aufgrund der eingegangenen Artikel haben die Autoren einen Versuch der Klassifizierung unternommen und dabei folgende Normativitätsbezüge in der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Forschung ausmachen können: A. Orientierung an sozial anerkannten Werten und Normen und gegebenenfalls Überprüfung ihrer Berücksichtigung in der Praxis, B. Vorgabe von theoriegeleiteten bzw. evidenz-basierten Standards, Rahmenkonzepten oder Qualitätsmerkmalen, die für die Praxis handlungsleitenden Charakter haben, und schliesslich C. Überprüfung des Vorhandenseins wissenschaftlich anerkannter Normen, Standards oder Qualitätsmerkmale in der Praxis bzw. in der berufspraktischen Ausbildung. Selbstverständlich handelt es sich bei dieser Klassifizierung um ein Raster, das keine Allgemeingültigkeit beansprucht, sondern induktiv aus den vorliegenden Artikeln hergeleitet worden ist." (DIPF/Orig.)

This report on adaptation to climate variability and change draws together the conclusions of a series of comparative case studies undertaken for the Area-Based Development and Climate Change (ABDCC) project of the Social Development Department of the World Bank. The report contributes to a better understanding of pro-poor adaptation by addressing the growing need for systematic analyses of existing rural adaptation strategies in the face of climate variability. The study shows: 1) how different types of climate phenomena affect households that are already vulnerable owing to their political-economic and social circumstances, 2) the ways in which households cope with and adapt to climate hazards, and 3) the role of rural organizations and institutions in helping vulnerable households cope with climate impacts and other sources of vulnerability more effectively. The study also complements other macro-level analyses in which the focus is primarily on government policies in the context of adaptation. The ABDCC study relied on four strategies for its implementation, data collection, and capacity building efforts: 1) review of secondary information and the selection of study sites; 2) data collection through household, focus group, and expert interviews; 3) data analysis and identification of feasible policy options; and 4) capacity building and dissemination of results. The study generated data both from secondary sources as well as primary research. The data was used to prepare country reports and policy notes but has also been analyzed using basic statistical methods to understand the relationship between institutions, adaptation strategies, and social groups within communities and territories.