Suchergebnisse

The rise of China in the South Pacific region indicates China's growing political-diplomatic, economic, and the possibility of military presence within the region. Accordingly, it develops Australia's threat perception and affects Australia's national interest. A secure nearer region is the second most important in Australia's strategic defense interests. Therefore, the stability and security of the South Pacific region are crucial to Australia's national interests. This research discussed Australia's "Stepping-Up engagement" as the defense strategy of Australia to strengthen its bilateral defense relations with the Melanesian states as the response to the rise of China. In addition, the research is constructed by using the concept of national interest, threat perception, defence strategy and bilateral defence relations through qualitative research method. This research explains the implementation of Australia's "Stepping-Up engagement" with the Melanesian states as the defence strategy of Australia to respond to the rise of China in the South Pacific region.

The development of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), as part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), is one of the causes of worsening Sino-Indian relations in recent years. The Economic Corridor runs through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, which India has claimed as its territory for decades. India sees thie Project as a violation of its sovereignty, but China defends the Project, saying that it is purely an economic connectivity project without strategic purposes. Seeing the possible worsening relations, India initiated to invite Xi Jinping for an Informal Summit with Narendra Modi. With a longstanding historical relationship with China, and his personal style diplomacy, Modi manages to fix some misconception with Xi Jinping on several issues. While trying to fix Sino-Indian relations, Narendra Modi is at the same time still firm on its opposition towards the Project. The authors observe that Narendra Modi's personality plays a big role in India's response towards China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Modi's strong and assertive personality, coupled with his Hindu-nationalist belief, explained the Indian decision to firmly opposing the CPEC. On the other hand, the footprints of Modi's charisma, personal-style diplomacy, and his longstanding relationship with China, are visible in the Wuhan Summit, in which Modi became the spearhead of diplomacy.

The management of development in our border issues, which to date has not been optimal, is a crucial issue in Indonesia today. This internal problem and the possibility of neighboring countries claiming part of our national territory have increasingly turned this issue into a priority for the Indonesian government. This article discusses our limited capacity to manage and protect its boundaries which will have real impacts to both internally and externally. This article argues thatthe complicated character of the national border issue, which is related to various types of threat, the wider field of national security, limited resources and the perception of threats, requires a more comprehensive policy framework. Internally, the effective management of national territorial boundaries will not only strengthen nation-state building but also contribute to the creation of regional security. This can be achieved by establishing cooperation with the relevant neighboring states. But, of course, we must also be able to take cognizance of various other dimensions, such as the economic, social, legal and diplomatic fields in managing our national borders.

Artikel ini membahas dinamika perjalanan Islam sebagai salah satu kekuatan politik Indonesia. Dalam perjalanan sistem politik Indonesia, Islam bukan saja memainkan perannya sebagai simbol religi dan filsafat, melainkan telah berfungsi pula sebagai simbol politik Islam sejarah politik Indonesia. Berbagai fenomena agama, sosial, politik pada era globalisasi ini baik yang terjadi di lingkungan domestik dan eksternal Indonesia tetapakan memiliki signifikansinya pada perkembangan Islam sebagai kekuatan agama dan politik. Oleh karenanya, posisi Islam dalam politik Indonesia dan politik global, padaumumnya akan tetap menjadi sumber perdebatan utama dalam sekularisasi politik dan agamaisasi politik.

Security Sector Reform (SSR) has been takes place in Indonesia. It requires strategic participation of civil society actors, particularly in helping to manage and oversight the security sector. In this regard, SSR essentially is a process of the civilianisation of security sector bureaucracies and the de-politicisation of the security sector, or process of establishing appropriate structures for (democratic) civilian control. Given terroris is a threat to security and in Indonesia, this article also attempts to link the importance of SSR with enhancing capacity for combating terrorism terrorism. It identifies lessons that civilians and military in Indonesia can learn from.

Turkey is an example of a developing country concerns with the development of its defense industry. Since the early of its republican in 1923, there are many defense indus­try companies established, owned by both state and private sectors. Lately, Turkish defense industry development has shown significant progress by the capability to build its indigenous defense products such as tanks and ships with most local content. The current objective of the Turkish defense industry under Erdogan administrative is to establish a 'full' defense industry independency by 2023, precisely a hundred years of its republic age. To achieve the objective, Turkey has established its 'defense industry structure' similar to Eisenhower's concept of 'Military-Industrial Complex'. The synergy of stakeholders among the Turkish Military-Industrial Complex has led Turkey to progressively fulfill Erdogan's objective of a 'full' military independency through the execution and success of its national defense projects. Therefore, by using the explanatory research method, the authors explain the existence of the Turkish Military-Industrial Complex from each role and synergy, bringing significant impacts to the state. This article argues that the development of the military industry in Turkey, covering a timeframe of 2011 to 2017, could provide valuable experiences and lessons for other developing countries to strengthen their national defense industry level.

Prior to the Trump's presidency the US have performed as many as 400 armed drone strikes in Pakistan, killing approximately 3.000 terrorist targets including key leaders that hold important value to the organizations. More than a decade these attacks were performed, yet we have not seen the end of the terrorist and insurgent's presence in Pakistan. This leads into a thought whether the attacks were effective or not. Therefore, this study aims to analyze, predominantly evaluating the use of the targeted killing strategy in this US counterterrorism effort. The study uses qualitative research method by using Robert A. Pape's perspective in strategic effectiveness and David Galula's counterinsurgency perspective. Those perspectives pointed out the cause of this situation is due to the inability of the attacked target set to trigger the destruction of the movement, the inability of the US to secure the ends, ways, and means of the operation which involve the dissociation between the population and the insurgents, their ability to forge proper cooperation with its local ally, and the un-favoring view of the local population toward its targeted killings practice has resulted in the infectivity of the strategy and a prolonged fight between the US and its opponent. In sum, it can be inferred that despite capable of eliminating numerous high-value targets the targeted killing strategy is deemed ineffective due to its inability to procure full destruction of its opponent and due to the inability of the US to secure the ends, ways, and means of the operation which would have increase the success of the strategy.

This article elucidates the importance of Indo-Pacific in maritime security today. In the 21st century, the region has gained the world's attention due to dramatic growth of China's economy, steady rise of India, the more proactive regional countries, and the increasing oil exports to the region. With such importance, the region has been contested with powerful nations, such as China, India, Australia, Japan, the Southeast Asia nations, and even the United States. China's increasing military presence in Indo-Pacific has been perceived as assertive by some of the regional countries. Meanwhile, the United States has become a more prominent actor in the region since the application of Rebalance policy in 2012. The paper discusses the issues, challenges and prospects of maritime security in Indo Pacific.

The worsening of technical and safety condition of the pipeline infrastructure in Ukraine due to economic crisis following the end of the Cold War had driven Russia to provide compensation to Ukraine through applying subsidy on its gas price and paying the Ukrainian gas imports as long as Ukraine keep its promise to pay back the country's debt until 2005. However, since Ukraine's integration with the United States and its Western Allies by asking to become part of North Atlantic Treaty Organization and European Union state members, it refused to pay its high gas debts to Russia. This situation made Russia feels threatened towards its national security where there will be a possibility to the fall of Russian political influence in Ukraine. In 2006, Russia decided to implement its coercive diplomacy actions towards Ukraine through politicizing its gas sector.

The policy was introduced by the U.S. President Barack Obama early in his first administration in 2010, marked specific changing to the U.S. foreign policy like never before. The U.S. continuously views South and South East Asia, including the Indian Ocean, as a crucial driver for America's economic growth and prosperity throughout the 21st century. Numerous numbers of cooperation and partnership have been done to enhance the ties between the U.S. and the regions. The U.S. presence and involvement in most essential regional meetings and summits can also be seen as an effort to seek opportunities, politically, economically, as well as security. This article tries to analyze how the U.S. rebalance towards Asia policy, a term used for the U.S.' foreign policy influenced the regional stability in Asia-Pacific region.