Suchergebnisse

Purpose. The article deals with the key areas of cooperation between the PRC and the EU in the context of modern international relations, characterized by crisis processes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of interaction between China and the European Union at the present stage within the framework of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative and the "16 + 1" format aimed at strengthening partnership relations between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Results. The "PRC-EU Investment Agreement" signed in 2020 demonstrated the partners' desire to reach a consensus on investment policy, market openness, mainly Chinese, fair competition, sustainable development, minimizing the risks of rapid entry of Chinese companies into the European market and reducing the trade imbalance in partner relations. During the online meeting of the leaders of the PRC and the EU in September 2021, the partners, despite the existing contradictions, confirmed their readiness to strengthen partnership in the current crisis conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction. The victory at Stalingrad was secured not just by actions on the fronts. An important role was played by social activities, including health care for the population and the army and the fight against epidemics. Despite this, not all areas of sanitary and anti-epidemic work carried out in Stalingrad have been studied comprehensively. Methods and materials. The source base for the study was archival materials stored in the central and Volgograd regional archives. Among them are the documents of the central and regional state authorities on the sanitary condition in Stalingrad and the epidemic measures being carried out in it. In the work on the article, comparative-historical and statistical methods, the method of source study, structural-diachronic and system analysis were used. Analysis. In the frontline and liberated from occupation areas of the Stalingrad region, an extremely unfavorable sanitary condition was noted. This inevitably led to the spread of infectious diseases – cholera, tularemia, typhoid and typhus, malaria – and caused the need for urgent anti-epidemic measures. Sanitary clearing of the city, cleaning and burial of corpses, restoration of water supply, expansion of the network of medical institutions, provision of baths and deodorant chambers, mass sanitation and immunization of the population, organization of soap production in the region were considered as priorities. The work of emergency anti-epidemic commissions was restored. Results. The anti-epidemic measures implemented in Stalingrad during the war made it possible to prevent the spread of acute infectious epidemic diseases.

Purpose. The article deals with the "diplomacy of cities" as a tool for the development of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on the example of partnerships between the twin cities of St. Petersburg and Qingdao. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the development of mutually beneficial partnerships between the megacities of St. Petersburg and Qingdao at the present stage, as well as to determine the role of such a partnership of cities in strengthening strategic Russian-Chinese cooperation. Results: as part of the development of interstate cooperation between Russia and China, taking into account current crises and trends in international relations, the partnership of such megacities as St. Petersburg and Qingdao can become one of the key mechanisms for strengthening comprehensive cooperation between the countries. Modern megacities with their complex structure are interesting objects to study not only as centers of economic development, trade, technology and intercultural dialogue, but also as actors largely influencing the development of processes at the macro-regional and micro-regional levels. The dynamics of the development of municipal and business contacts, as well as the implementation of projects, allows us to conclude that the twinned ties of St. Petersburg and Qingdao will continue to strengthen in the long term.

The article covers the period from 2014 to 2021, complicated by the difficult geopolitical situation against the backdrop of the Ukrainian crisis in 2014 and the subsequent pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. Finnish food companies had to adjust to Russian counterclaims and the food embargo in 2014. In addition, their work has also been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the basic need to consider the preferences of the Russian consumer, it was necessary to consider the numerous changes that have occurred in recent years, to which companies have had to adapt. To do this, it was important to understand how companies have maintained their positions in the market. The purpose of the research is to examine the peculiarities of the position of Finnish food companies in the Russian market in the context of the food embargo and the coronavirus pandemic. Particular attention is paid to the real cases of the largest Finnish food companies such as Valio, Fazer, Atria. Conclusions. The Russian counterclaims turned out to be unexpected for Finland. In addition to financial losses caused by the crisis for producers, the food embargo also had an indirect effect, which led to disruption of the domestic market and lower producer prices. The unstable situation in the Russian market has significantly complicated the position of Finnish food companies in the market. As a result, companies suffered millions in losses. The COVID-19 pandemic, in turn, despite the need to adapt to new conditions, caused less damage to Finnish food companies in the Russian market than the counterclaims of 2014. Companies have invested in the development of existing products, as well as in the expansion of the range, the most consistent with the new market realities.

Purpose. The article deals with the development of China-Russia-Mongolia economic corridor in the context of "One Belt, One Road" initiative, namely the projects of Silk Road economic belt and Steppe Route projects. The purpose of the research is to specify the peculiarities of cross-border cooperation between China, namely Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Russia and Mongolia. The China-Russia-Mongolia economic corridor is one of the six main economic corridors of "One Belt, One Road" initiative. The initiative is aimed at both effective economic cooperation of the three countries and the regional development in general. Results. The improvement of the mechanisms of cross-border cooperation is considered one of the key issues. Thus, the development of the transportation infrastructure facility, in particular, land transport ports, alignment of customs procedures, increasing the effectiveness of cooperation between urban agglomerations and between cross-border regions will allow comprehensive development of China-Russia-Mongolia economic corridor as well as the other projects of "One Belt, One Road" Initiative.

The purpose of the article is to study the problem of Descartes' early influence on the English philosophy of the 17th century. Henry More (1614–1687), a young Cambridge lecturer proved to become later the recognized head of the Cambridge Platonic School. He began teaching R. Descartes' mechanical philos­ophy at Christ's College in the mid 40s, and his views appeared to be among the earliest sources of the Cartesians' spread in Britain. At this time, the main importance for clarifying the nature of More's "Cartesianism" was his exchange of letters with Descartes. Unfortunately, the letters of the English philosopher are only partially known in Russian studies. The article introduces the reader to the historical circumstances of the formation of the Cambridge School and its scientific "Constellations", the early evolution of H. More's worldview towards Cartesianism and the emergence of contradictions, which More calls "difficulties in reading Descartes". In this article, we examine the first of More's letters to Descartes from a new angle, namely, in connection with More's own theology of the late 40s – early 50s of the 17th century. The results of the study show the key idea of H. More's philosophy that is an attempt to synthesize classical Neoplatonism and the philosophy of Descartes.

The article examines various forms of regional models of management of economic zones of catchment basins on the example of the experience of the United States of America, Great Britain, Canada and other countries. The purpose of the study is to analyze and compare models of economic management of watersheds, as well as to identify the features of development and models of basin management. Results. The search for effective mechanisms for watershed management was an incentive to create unified mechanisms for watershed management and predetermined the direction of reforms in this area. However, in regional international practice, there are disagreements about specific methods for implementing a unified management model. The USA offers the most centralized management model. The UK practices a market-based approach to solving this issue, and the experience of Australia is the least centralized management model, although it fully takes into account the interests of representatives of various classes and plays a positive role in public life.

This study addresses a fundamental question of the origins and migration patterns of paleopopulations of the Fatyanovo and the Middle Volga Abashevo archaeological cultures. It is for the first time that we report a paleogenetic analysis of 14 Abashevo individuals (Pepkino and Starshy Nikitinsky sites). Besides, we analysed ancient DNA samples of 25 Fatyanovo individuals. Specifically, we performed analyses of STR marker and haplogroups of the Y chromosome, which revealed the distinct R1a (Z93) haplogroup in Fatyanovo samples. It indicates the influence of the founder effect and gene drift, confirming the hypothesis of their migrant origin. In contrast, the Abashevo culture samples are heterogenous, as we discovered 2 groups with different origins on the paternal line. To be more specific, three men from Pepkino mound are haplogroup R1b (Z2103) carriers, while seven other individuals have haplogroup R1a (Z93>Z94). In addition, close relatives with identical STR haplotypes of the Y-chromosome were identified in both Fatyanovo and Abashevo groups. The comparative analyses of autosomal markers from 19 samples and previously published data uncovered similarities between Abashevo men from Pepkino mound (the haplogroup R1a (Z93>Z94)) with the Fatyanovo people, as well as with some representatives of the Unetice culture. These results are suggestive of the genetic continuity in the Russian Plain. Yet, less recent ancestors of Abashevo group interred in Pepkino mound could have migrated from the same region as the Fatyanovo predesessors.

The publication presents the first letter of the Cambridge School leader Henry More (1614–1687) to Rene Descartes (1596–1650), opening their short-term correspondence, which took place at the end of 1648–1649 and was interrupted due to the unexpected death of the French thinker in Sweden. The corres­pondence discusses the most important problems of physics and philosophy of the 17th century: the extension of substance, the main and secondary proper­ties of substances, the understanding of space, emptiness and atoms, the limits of the divisibility of matter, the infinity of God and the world, and, finally, the recognition of the animateness of animals and the immortality of the soul. In this discussion, H. More starts from the Neoplatonic theory of the origin and the de­velopment of the world, which is based on the principle of emanation. Starting from this theophysical idea, More tries to adapt Descartes' doctrine of two sub­stances. The translation was made from the Latin original of the classical edi­tions of C. Clerselier [Clerselier 1657] and C. Adam and P. Tannery [AT V]. H. More's letter is translated into Russian and published for the first time. All four letters of the English participant in the correspondence are planned for pub­lication.

The article is devoted to the study of the psychosemantics of implicit ideas about a gifted personality among modern students of humanities and technical specialties. The purpose of the study is a psychosemantic analysis of the image of a gifted personality based on implicit representations of students of various specialties and uni-versities. The sample consisted of 229 respondents: 88 people of humanitarian specialties, 141 technical ones. The age of the sample participants ranged from 17 to 22 years. The sample was equal in gender composi-tion.The methodological basis was the concept of the study of the hierarchical structure of the image of a per-son in the consciousness of an individual and a group, proposed by V.L. Sitnikov. The study showed that stu-dents ideas about a gifted personality are similar and lack scientificity. The basis of the structure and content of the image of a gifted personality among students of humanities and technical fields of various universities of St. Petersburg are the characteristics of the intellectual sphere of the individual. The most unpopular were the acquisitive characteristics describing the peculiarities of the attitude to material values. Social characteristics were in second place in terms of frequency of occurrence. Comparative analysis has shown that social charac-teristics are more important for humanities students. They also use bodily, physical and emotional characteris-tics more often. For this group of students, it is characteristic to indicate the negative qualities of a gifted per-son. In the group of students of the technical direction, when describing a gifted personality, names and quali-ties of activity are more often used. Psychosemantic analysis of the implicit concept of a gifted personality of modern students has shown that the image of a gifted person is associated with the profile of professional train-ing of students. Students of technical specialties tend to describe a gifted personality to a large extent through its implementation in activities and through specific categories. Humanities students, perhaps due to their pro-fessional preferences, distinguish social characteristics. In general, among the most common words describing a gifted personality, students of different fields of study did not reveal fundamental differences in the hierarchy of definitions of a gifted personality.

Currently, public diplomacy is often studied and analyzed in the context of international public relations. This article discusses the main and significant tools of public diplomacy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The article notes the common features of public diplomacy and the international community. The activities of the Heydar Aliyev Foundation as an instrument of public diplomacy in Azerbaijan are analyzed. As a result, it was concluded that these tools are significant for the public diplomacy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Working with an audience of millions can change the paradigm of today's public diplomacy. There is no alternative to the Internet, the World Wide Web. Because the Internet knows no boundaries. And the Heydar Aliyev Foundation demonstrates a vivid example of the conductor of public diplomacy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The projects implemented during the period of activity show that the Foundation has achieved great success and reputation not only in Azerbaijan, but also in the international world. The Foundation plays a big role in popularizing Azerbaijan abroad.