Suchergebnisse

"After examining the midcentury rise of cybernetics, the science of self-governing systems, and the emergence in the Soviet Union of economic cybernetics, Peters complicates this uneasy role reversal while chronicling the various Soviet attempts to build a 'unified information network.' Drawing on previously unknown archival and historical materials, he focuses on the final, and most ambitious of these projects, the All-State Automated System of Management (OGAS), and its principal promoter, Viktor M. Glushkov. Peters describes the rise and fall of OGAS -- its theoretical and practical reach, its vision of a national economy managed by network, the bureaucratic obstacles it encountered, and the institutional stalemate that killed it. Finally, he considers the implications of the Soviet experience for today's networked world."--Publisher description

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Activism / Yang, Guobin -- 2. Algorithm / Gillespie, Tarleton -- 3. Analog / Sterne, Jonathan -- 4. Archive / Harris, Katherine D. -- 5. Cloud / Peters, John Durham -- 6. Community / Avance, Rosemary -- 7. Culture / Striphas, Ted Striphas -- 8. Democracy / Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis -- 9. Digital / Peters, Benjamin -- 10. Event / Sonnevend, Julia -- 11. Flow / Braman, Sandra -- 12. Forum / Forsyth, Hope -- 13. Gaming / Bhaduri, Saugata -- 14. Geek / Dunbar-Hester, Christina -- 15. Hacker / Coleman, Gabriella -- 16. Information / Geoghegan, Bernard -- 17. Internet / Streeter, Thomas -- 18. Meme / Shifman, Limor -- 19. Memory / Schrag, Steven -- 20. Mirror / Fish, Adam -- 21. Participation / Kelty, Christopher -- 22. Personalization / Schulte, Stephanie Ricker -- 23. Prototype / Turner, Fred -- 24. Sharing / John, Nicholas A. -- 25. Surrogate / Drouin, Jeffrey -- Appendix: Over Two Hundred Digital Keywords -- About the Contributors -- Index

This essay bookends the first special issue of essays dedicated to farm media and situates the issue's contributions within a broader history of media, communications, and agricultural entanglement. The connections between these fields are grounded in what Peters calls "Medium America," which names the spaces and ideologies most shaped by farming across the middle of the Americas to orient a critical transnational history of farm media. Land grant universities, farmworker movements, and rural communication infrastructure are just a few of the institutions that give shape to Medium America, as are the linguistic inheritances that stitch together these relationships, from broadcasting and academic fields to news feeds and data farms. The future of food and farming grows out of these histories.

Dieser Essay untersucht die Risiken der Theorie in Verschwörungstheorie und moderner Forschung. Anhand von Beispielen aus altgriechischer Wissenschaft und aktueller US-Politik wird argumentiert, dass Theorie, besonders wenn sie von Beweisen getrennt operiert, den Menschen erlaubt, über das hinaus zu sehen, was bereits vorhanden ist. Die Theorie, die ihre kühnsten Behauptungen bestenfalls mit Beweisen begrenzt, wird als eine mögliche Schwäche in der modernen Forschung im Allgemeinen und als Teil eines folkloristischen Paradoxons hinter Verschwörungstheorien im Besonderen diskutiert. ; This essay explores the risks of the theory behind conspiracy theories and modern inquiry. Using examples from ancient Greek science and current US politics, it argues that theory, especially when separated from evidence, permits humans to see beyond what is already there. Theory, which at its best limits its boldest claims with evidence, is discussed as a telltale weakness in modern inquiry in general as well as part of the folkloric paradox behind conspiracy theories in particular.