Suchergebnisse

This book provides an up-to-date assessment of sustainable agri-food systems and rural development in the Mediterranean countries. It examines and reviews the impact of EU and national policies on environmental and trade issues in agricultural and rural organizations in the southern and eastern Mediterranean region. The book also reflects key socio-economic and political issues such as resource management, income distribution, employment and migration trends, and sustainability aspects. It demonstrates technical and methodological tools used for the analysis and explains their application. Th

Résumé L'introduction du terme « unité d'enseignement » place la pratique de la scolarisation des enfants et adolescents séjournant en ime sous l'égide de l'école, en lieu et place d'actions pédagogiques sous l'égide de l' ime . Cela conduit à deux types de changements. Les ime sont amenés à se redéfinir comme facilitateurs d'école plutôt que comme modalités parallèles de scolarité. L'école est tenue d'être le lieu de transmission des savoirs et non un lieu de sélection capacitaire. Cette double problématique oblige les associations gestionnaires et les autorités académiques à aller au-delà d'une collaboration dans l'application de la loi pour porter ces nouvelles exigences.

An Example of a Socialist Agriculture: the Bulgarian Agriculture.
The observation of the recent development of agriculture in the People's Republic of Bulgaria suggested two categories of questions to the authors of this paper. The first ones concern their "surprise" in view of the evolution of agriculture since 1944. The others, of a theoretical nature, deal with the decision process and the quantitative tools used in decision-making. The history of the socialist development of agriculture in Bulgaria is briefly sketched, emphasis being placed on the difficulties which have been encountered and on the solutions taken to overcome them. These are based on a socio-economic model, the main features of which are delineated. On this occasion, the authors raise the question of the neutrality and objectivity of economics as a science, and more generally of the importance of sciences and their objective laws in economic development, as expressed by Bulgarian economists.

L'industrialisation et l'urbanisation entraînent un mouvement paradoxal qui rapproche, concentre et uniformise, d'une part, éloigne, désunit et différencie, d'autre part. Ces évolutions contradictoires alimentent deux conceptions de l'avenir des agricultures et alimentations du monde, deux visions contrastées d'où naissent les principales controverses actuelles ainsi qu'un impérieux besoin de les dépasser.

Cette communication présente un modèle économétrique désagrégé du complexe alimentation et production animales dans l'Union européenne (UE) et les pays du Bénélux, montrant ainsi les liens qui existent entre les différents marchés de produits agricoles concernés. Les caractéristiques spécifiques du modèle sont les suivantes : 1. utilisation des formes fonctionnelles flexibles (e. g. la forme généralisée symétrique et asymétrique de McFadden) pour représenter les demandes d'aliments fourragers au Bénélux et dans le reste de l'UE, et 2. prise en compte de changements techniques exogènes ou induits par les prix. Les prix mondiaux des aliments fourragers et les prix des aliments composés sont endogénéisés à l'aide des conditions d'équilibre de marché. Ce modèle permet de quantifier les effets du changement dans les politiques agricoles de l'EU et des engagements pris dans le cadre de négociations de l'Uruguay Round sur le complexe alimentation et production animales. Comme toutes les composantes du modèle sont dynamiques, il est possible d'identifier et de distinguer les effets de court et de long termes de ces changements de politiques.

How can agriculture produce food for 9 billion inhabitants in 2050 and achieve the Millennium Development Goals of alleviating poverty, reducing hunger and protecting the environment? In order to take up these challenges and to design tomorrow's food and agriculture systems, research organizations have to define strategies and options, and public policy makers their priorities from now on, relying on foresight studies. Various studies have been conducted to assess scenarios for the long-term future of food and agriculture in the world. Each one has its own objectives, methodologies, and results. Analyzing, comparing and discussing hypotheses, methodologies and results were the objectives of the FI4IAR/CTA seminar "Thinking Forward: assessments, projections and foresights", organized during the GCARD 2010 process. This dialogue, which sometimes led to scientific disputes, proved productive and encouraging. Is it a forum that should be continued in the future?

International audience ; How can agriculture produce food for 9 billion inhabitants in 2050 and achieve the Millennium Development Goals of alleviating poverty, reducing hunger and protecting the environment? In order to take up these challenges and to design tomorrow's food and agriculture systems, research organizations have to define strategies and options, and public policy makers their priorities from now on, relying on foresight studies. Various studies have been conducted to assess scenarios for the long-term future of food and agriculture in the world. Each one has its own objectives, methodologies, and results. Analyzing, comparing and discussing hypotheses, methodologies and results were the objectives of the FI4IAR/CTA seminar "Thinking Forward: assessments, projections and foresights", organized during the GCARD 2010 process. This dialogue, which sometimes led to scientific disputes, proved productive and encouraging. Is it a forum that should be continued in the future?

International audience ; How can agriculture produce food for 9 billion inhabitants in 2050 and achieve the Millennium Development Goals of alleviating poverty, reducing hunger and protecting the environment? In order to take up these challenges and to design tomorrow's food and agriculture systems, research organizations have to define strategies and options, and public policy makers their priorities from now on, relying on foresight studies. Various studies have been conducted to assess scenarios for the long-term future of food and agriculture in the world. Each one has its own objectives, methodologies, and results. Analyzing, comparing and discussing hypotheses, methodologies and results were the objectives of the FI4IAR/CTA seminar "Thinking Forward: assessments, projections and foresights", organized during the GCARD 2010 process. This dialogue, which sometimes led to scientific disputes, proved productive and encouraging. Is it a forum that should be continued in the future?

International audience ; How can agriculture produce food for 9 billion inhabitants in 2050 and achieve the Millennium Development Goals of alleviating poverty, reducing hunger and protecting the environment? In order to take up these challenges and to design tomorrow's food and agriculture systems, research organizations have to define strategies and options, and public policy makers their priorities from now on, relying on foresight studies. Various studies have been conducted to assess scenarios for the long-term future of food and agriculture in the world. Each one has its own objectives, methodologies, and results. Analyzing, comparing and discussing hypotheses, methodologies and results were the objectives of the FI4IAR/CTA seminar "Thinking Forward: assessments, projections and foresights", organized during the GCARD 2010 process. This dialogue, which sometimes led to scientific disputes, proved productive and encouraging. Is it a forum that should be continued in the future?