Suchergebnisse

This article deals with propaganda activities, such as publishing proclamations (20 publications), revolutionary songs (1), and underground periodicals (1), by local organizations of the Bund, LSDDP, LSDP and RSDDP in Šiauliai in 1904–1914. Political changes in Russia in 1904–1907 created favorable conditions for social democratic organizations to actively carry out propaganda activities, but the intensity at which they were carried out was not uniform across Lithuania. The proletarian profile of Šiauliai and the particularly active activity of the LSDP allowed to mobilize propagandists in a short time, to prepare the necessary proclamations on the spot, and to provide the necessary press equipment. During the years of the revolution (1905–1907), Šiauliai had to emerge as the second center of the social democratic movement in Lithuania. After the defeat of the revolution in Russia, due to the increased persecution of social democratic forces, the underground organizations failed to mobilize their press capacity or develop more active propaganda events; therefore, the political parties even had to suspend the activities of local organizations in Šiauliai. The integration of social democratic youth into the social democratic organizations of Šiauliai took place in c. 1912 and gave hope for a stronger revival of propaganda. The resumption of activities ceased in the first years of the First World War. The large-scale underground press developed in underground conditions expressed the expectations of the local population, reflected the involvement of parties in the formation of political views of the urban population, and was a counterweight to official information. Therefore, its assessment is inseparable from the realities of the political context of that time. ; Straipsnyje nagrinėjama 1904–1914m. Bundo, LSDDP, LSDP ir RSDDP vietinių organizacijų Šiauliuose vykdyta agitacinė veikla leidžiant atsišaukimus (20 leidinių), revoliucines dainas (1) ir pogrindinę periodinę spaudą (1). Politiniai pokyčiai Rusijoje 1904–1907m. socialdemokratinėms organizacijoms sudarė palankias sąlygas aktyviai vykdyti agitacinę veiklą, bet jos intensyvumas Lietuvoje nebuvo tolygus. Šiaulių proletarinis profilis ir ypač aktyvi LSDP veikla leido per trumpą laiką mobilizuoti agitatorius, parengti reikalingus atsišaukimus vietoje, apsirūpinti būtiniausiomis spaudos priemonėmis. Šiauliai 1905–1907m. revoliucijos metais turėjo iškilti kaip antrasis Lietuvoje socialdemokratinio judėjimo centras. Revoliucijai Rusijoje pralaimėjus, dėl socialdemokratinių jėgų padidėjusio persekiojimo pogrindininkams nepavyko sutelkti spaudos pajėgumų, išplėtoti aktyvesnės agitacinės veiklos, todėl partijoms teko net sustabdyti vietinių organizacijų veiklą Šiauliuose. Apie 1912m. įvykęs socialdemokratinių pažiūrų jaunimo įsijungimas į Šiaulių socialdemokratines organizacijas leido tikėtis ryškesnės agitacinės veiklos atgaivinimo. Agitacinės veiklos atnaujinimas nutrūko pirmaisiais Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais. Pogrindžio sąlygomis didžiuliais tiražais leidžiama pogrindinė spauda išreiškė vietos gyventojų lūkesčius, atspindėjo partijų įsijungimą į miesto gyventojų politinių pažiūrų formavimą, buvo oficialiosios informacijos atsvara. Todėl jos vertinimas neatsiejamas ir nuo to meto politinio konteksto realijų.

T his article deals with propaganda activities, such as publishing proclamations (20 publications), revolutionary songs (1), and underground periodicals (1), by local organizations of the Bund, LSDDP, LSDP and RSDDP in Šiauliai in 1904–1914. Political changes in Russia in 1904–1907 created favorable conditions for social democratic organizations to actively carry out propaganda activities, but the intensity at which they were carried out was not uniform across Lithuania. The proletarian profile of Šiauliai and the particularly active activity of the LSDP allowed to mobilize propagandists in a short time, to prepare the necessary proclamations on the spot, and to provide the necessary press equipment. During the years of the revolution (1905–1907), Šiauliai had to emerge as the second center of the social democratic movement in Lithuania. After the defeat of the revolution in Russia, due to the increased persecution of social democratic forces, the underground organizations failed to mobilize their press capacity or develop more active propaganda events; therefore, the political parties even had to suspend the activities of local organizations in Šiauliai. The integration of social democratic youth into the social democratic organizations of Šiauliai took place in c. 1912 and gave hope for a stronger revival of propaganda. The resumption of activities ceased in the first years of the First World War. The large-scale underground press developed in underground conditions expressed the expectations of the local population, reflected the involvement of parties in the formation of political views of the urban population, and was a counterweight to official information. Therefore, its assessment is inseparable from the realities of the political context of that time.

T his article deals with propaganda activities, such as publishing proclamations (20 publications), revolutionary songs (1), and underground periodicals (1), by local organizations of the Bund, LSDDP, LSDP and RSDDP in Šiauliai in 1904–1914. Political changes in Russia in 1904–1907 created favorable conditions for social democratic organizations to actively carry out propaganda activities, but the intensity at which they were carried out was not uniform across Lithuania. The proletarian profile of Šiauliai and the particularly active activity of the LSDP allowed to mobilize propagandists in a short time, to prepare the necessary proclamations on the spot, and to provide the necessary press equipment. During the years of the revolution (1905–1907), Šiauliai had to emerge as the second center of the social democratic movement in Lithuania. After the defeat of the revolution in Russia, due to the increased persecution of social democratic forces, the underground organizations failed to mobilize their press capacity or develop more active propaganda events; therefore, the political parties even had to suspend the activities of local organizations in Šiauliai. The integration of social democratic youth into the social democratic organizations of Šiauliai took place in c. 1912 and gave hope for a stronger revival of propaganda. The resumption of activities ceased in the first years of the First World War. The large-scale underground press developed in underground conditions expressed the expectations of the local population, reflected the involvement of parties in the formation of political views of the urban population, and was a counterweight to official information. Therefore, its assessment is inseparable from the realities of the political context of that time.

During 1904–1940, a total of 26 periodicals were published in Lithuania and in foreign countries in which the Lithuanian language was used alongside others. The demand for multilingual periodicals had emerged during the first part of the 20th c. as new cultural, economic, and political conditions took shape in Eastern and Central Europe. For the governments and businesses of Lithuania, Germany, Latvia, and Poland, the development of economic relations was of the biggest importance, and this process was to be stimulated using the multilingual publications that were being released in these countries. Also, particular importance was granted to the political cooperation of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). Cultural relations, on the other hand, were less expressed in the multilingual periodicals and not characterized by commercial success. For propaganda purposes, a considerable number of multilingual publications were released by Germany during the First World War. Apart from Lithuanian, these multilingual publications were marked by the use of German, English, Polish, French, Latvian, and Russian languages; among the rarer instances were Belarusian, Yiddish, and Estonian texts. The emergence of multilingual periodicals and the presence of the Lithuanian language in these publications reflected the international recognition of the Lithuanian nation and its state. It represented an understanding of multiculturalism and peculiar needs within the society and resembled the dialogue occurring across the political, economic, and cultural dimensions. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama daugiakalbių tarptautinių leidinių, kuriuose buvo spausdinami ir lietuviški tekstai, leidyba. 1904–1940m. iš viso tokių leidinių leista 26. Jų poreikis subrendo dėl XX a. pirmojoje pusėje susidariusių naujų kultūrinių, ekonominių ir politinių sąlygų. Daugiakalbė periodinė spauda startavo kultūrinio bendradarbiavimo plotmėje, bet, po Pirmojo pasaulinio karo Pabaltijyje susikūrus nepriklausomoms valstybėms, dėmesys šiai sričiai sumenko, labiau plėtoti ekonominiai ir politiniai ryšiai. Lietuvos, Vokietijos, Latvijos, Lenkijos ir kt. šalių leidėjams buvo aktualesnė ekonominių ryšių plėtotė. Svarbos įgavo ir Baltijos šalių (Estija, Latvija ir Lietuva) politinis bendradarbiavimas. Propagandos tikslais nemažai daugiakalbių leidinių Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais leido Vokietija. Daugiakalbiuose leidiniuose šalia lietuvių kalbos buvo pasitelkiamos vokiečių, lenkų, prancūzų, latvių, rusų ir kitos užsienio kalbos. Daugiakalbės periodinės spaudos atsiradimas ir lietuvių kalbos pasirodymas juose atspindėjo lietuvių tautos ir Lietuvos valstybės tarptautinį pripažinimą, savitų poreikių suvokimą, politinį, ekonominį ir kultūrinį dialogą.

During 1904–1940, a total of 26 periodicals were published in Lithuania and in foreign countries in which the Lithuanian language was used alongside others. The demand for multilingual periodicals had emerged during the first part of the 20th c. as new cultural, economic, and political conditions took shape in Eastern and Central Europe. For the governments and businesses of Lithuania, Germany, Latvia, and Poland, the development of economic relations was of the biggest importance, and this process was to be stimulated using the multilingual publications that were being released in these countries. Also, particular importance was granted to the political cooperation of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). Cultural relations, on the other hand, were less expressed in the multilingual periodicals and not characterized by commercial success. For propaganda purposes, a considerable number of multilingual publications were released by Germany during the First World War. Apart from Lithuanian, these multilingual publications were marked by the use of German, English, Polish, French, Latvian, and Russian languages; among the rarer instances were Belarusian, Yiddish, and Estonian texts. The emergence of multilingual periodicals and the presence of the Lithuanian language in these publications reflected the international recognition of the Lithuanian nation and its state. It represented an understanding of multiculturalism and peculiar needs within the society and resembled the dialogue occurring across the political, economic, and cultural dimensions.

During 1904–1940, a total of 26 periodicals were published in Lithuania and in foreign countries in which the Lithuanian language was used alongside others. The demand for multilingual periodicals had emerged during the first part of the 20th c. as new cultural, economic, and political conditions took shape in Eastern and Central Europe. For the governments and businesses of Lithuania, Germany, Latvia, and Poland, the development of economic relations was of the biggest importance, and this process was to be stimulated using the multilingual publications that were being released in these countries. Also, particular importance was granted to the political cooperation of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). Cultural relations, on the other hand, were less expressed in the multilingual periodicals and not characterized by commercial success. For propaganda purposes, a considerable number of multilingual publications were released by Germany during the First World War. Apart from Lithuanian, these multilingual publications were marked by the use of German, English, Polish, French, Latvian, and Russian languages; among the rarer instances were Belarusian, Yiddish, and Estonian texts. The emergence of multilingual periodicals and the presence of the Lithuanian language in these publications reflected the international recognition of the Lithuanian nation and its state. It represented an understanding of multiculturalism and peculiar needs within the society and resembled the dialogue occurring across the political, economic, and cultural dimensions.

During 1904–1940, a total of 26 periodicals were published in Lithuania and in foreign countries in which the Lithuanian language was used alongside others. The demand for multilingual periodicals had emerged during the first part of the 20th c. as new cultural, economic, and political conditions took shape in Eastern and Central Europe. For the governments and businesses of Lithuania, Germany, Latvia, and Poland, the development of economic relations was of the biggest importance, and this process was to be stimulated using the multilingual publications that were being released in these countries. Also, particular importance was granted to the political cooperation of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). Cultural relations, on the other hand, were less expressed in the multilingual periodicals and not characterized by commercial success. For propaganda purposes, a considerable number of multilingual publications were released by Germany during the First World War. Apart from Lithuanian, these multilingual publications were marked by the use of German, English, Polish, French, Latvian, and Russian languages; among the rarer instances were Belarusian, Yiddish, and Estonian texts. The emergence of multilingual periodicals and the presence of the Lithuanian language in these publications reflected the international recognition of the Lithuanian nation and its state. It represented an understanding of multiculturalism and peculiar needs within the society and resembled the dialogue occurring across the political, economic, and cultural dimensions.

During 1904–1940, a total of 26 periodicals were published in Lithuania and in foreign countries in which the Lithuanian language was used alongside others. The demand for multilingual periodicals had emerged during the first part of the 20th c. as new cultural, economic, and political conditions took shape in Eastern and Central Europe. For the governments and businesses of Lithuania, Germany, Latvia, and Poland, the development of economic relations was of the biggest importance, and this process was to be stimulated using the multilingual publications that were being released in these countries. Also, particular importance was granted to the political cooperation of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). Cultural relations, on the other hand, were less expressed in the multilingual periodicals and not characterized by commercial success. For propaganda purposes, a considerable number of multilingual publications were released by Germany during the First World War. Apart from Lithuanian, these multilingual publications were marked by the use of German, English, Polish, French, Latvian, and Russian languages; among the rarer instances were Belarusian, Yiddish, and Estonian texts. The emergence of multilingual periodicals and the presence of the Lithuanian language in these publications reflected the international recognition of the Lithuanian nation and its state. It represented an understanding of multiculturalism and peculiar needs within the society and resembled the dialogue occurring across the political, economic, and cultural dimensions.

In 1914, the Samogitian Jews were exposed to the first adverse consequences of World War I. Thus, the town centre of Žemaičių Naumiestis was burnt down; more than 50 local Jewish libraries were destroyed from fire. In 1915, deportations of the Jewish population into the depths of Russia began. More intense activities by the German troops on the borderline re­sulted in huge material and human losses. The period in question was marked by cases of thefts and wilful destruction of Jewish documentary heritage. However, in most cases Jews' belongings and assets perished in the fire together with their houses that had been set fire to. More signifi­cant losses incurred as a result of military actions were experienced in the spring of 1915 by the Jews living in Paprūsė (Podlesi region), Šiauliai country and the Courland border. During the research, 92 cases of losing the Jewish documentary heritage were established. Relevant data were collected on the essential aspects of preserving and losing documentary heritage in the period of 1914–1918. More in-depth analysis was conducted on the losses of Jewish documen­tary heritage in Gruzdžiai, Jurbarkas, Kelmė, Kuršėnai, Raseiniai, Leckava, Seredžius, Švėkšna, Tirkšliai, Tauragė ir Žemaičių Naumiestis. The total value of these losses amounts to 96 thousand roubles. Among the most valuable were the manuscript libraries collected by Torah and Jewish communities as well as archival collections. The Jews were known to have established a great number of libraries; even the illiterate Jews had personal collections of books. Quite a few Jewish libraries stored a 1000 and more volumes of books. Due to the significant losses of both archival documents and human demography, the author could not further develop the reconstruction of this heritage on a larger scale. However, the material collected made it possible to identify and evaluate the common problems of preserving and losing Samogitian Jews' documentary heritage during World War I. ; Straipsnyje analizuojamos Žemaitijos žydų dokumentinio paveldo išlikimo 1914–1918 m. ir karo nuostolių problemos. Esminiai dokumen­tinio paveldo praradimai dėl žydų trėmimų į Rusijos gilumą ir aktyvių Rusijos ir Vokietijos karo veiksmų regione vyko 1915 metais. Labiausiai nukentėjo pasienio ir pafrontės teritorijos: Paprūsė, Pakuršė ir Šiaulių apskrities miestai. Tyrimo metu išsamiai aptariami archyviniuose doku­mentuose užfiksuoti 92 dokumentinio paveldo praradimo atvejai.

In 1914, the Samogitian Jews were exposed to the first adverse consequences of World War I. Thus, the town centre of Žemaičių Naumiestis was burnt down; more than 50 local Jewish libraries were destroyed from fire. In 1915, deportations of the Jewish population into the depths of Russia began. More intense activities by the German troops on the borderline resulted in huge material and human losses. The period in question was marked by cases of thefts and wilful destruction of Jewish documentary heritage. However, in most cases Jews' belongings and assets perished in the fire together with their houses that had been set fire to. More significant losses incurred as a result of military actions were experienced in the spring of 1915 by the Jews living in Paprūsė (Podlesi region), Šiauliai country and the Courland border. During the research, 92 cases of losing the Jewish documentary heritage were established. Relevant data were collected on the essential aspects of preserving and losing documentary heritage in the period of 1914–1918. More in-depth analysis was conducted on the losses of Jewish documentary heritage in Gruzdžiai, Jurbarkas, Kelmė, Kuršėnai, Raseiniai, Leckava, Seredžius, Švėkšna, Tirkšliai, Tauragė ir Žemaičių Naumiestis. The total value of these losses amounts to 96 thousand roubles. Among the most valuable were the manuscript libraries collected by Torah and Jewish communities as well as archival collections. The Jews were known to have established a great number of libraries; even the illiterate Jews had personal collections of books. Quite a few Jewish libraries stored a 1000 and more volumes of books. Due to the significant losses of both archival documents and human demography, the author could not further develop the reconstruction of this heritage on a larger scale. However, the material collected made it possible to identify and evaluate the common problems of preserving and losing Samogitian Jews' documentary heritage during World War I.

In 1914, the Samogitian Jews were exposed to the first adverse consequences of World War I. Thus, the town centre of Žemaičių Naumiestis was burnt down; more than 50 local Jewish libraries were destroyed from fire. In 1915, deportations of the Jewish population into the depths of Russia began. More intense activities by the German troops on the borderline resulted in huge material and human losses. The period in question was marked by cases of thefts and wilful destruction of Jewish documentary heritage. However, in most cases Jews' belongings and assets perished in the fire together with their houses that had been set fire to. More significant losses incurred as a result of military actions were experienced in the spring of 1915 by the Jews living in Paprūsė (Podlesi region), Šiauliai country and the Courland border. During the research, 92 cases of losing the Jewish documentary heritage were established. Relevant data were collected on the essential aspects of preserving and losing documentary heritage in the period of 1914–1918. More in-depth analysis was conducted on the losses of Jewish documentary heritage in Gruzdžiai, Jurbarkas, Kelmė, Kuršėnai, Raseiniai, Leckava, Seredžius, Švėkšna, Tirkšliai, Tauragė ir Žemaičių Naumiestis. The total value of these losses amounts to 96 thousand roubles. Among the most valuable were the manuscript libraries collected by Torah and Jewish communities as well as archival collections. The Jews were known to have established a great number of libraries; even the illiterate Jews had personal collections of books. Quite a few Jewish libraries stored a 1000 and more volumes of books. Due to the significant losses of both archival documents and human demography, the author could not further develop the reconstruction of this heritage on a larger scale. However, the material collected made it possible to identify and evaluate the common problems of preserving and losing Samogitian Jews' documentary heritage during World War I.

In 1914, the Samogitian Jews were exposed to the first adverse consequences of World War I. Thus, the town centre of Žemaičių Naumiestis was burnt down; more than 50 local Jewish libraries were destroyed from fire. In 1915, deportations of the Jewish population into the depths of Russia began. More intense activities by the German troops on the borderline resulted in huge material and human losses. The period in question was marked by cases of thefts and wilful destruction of Jewish documentary heritage. However, in most cases Jews' belongings and assets perished in the fire together with their houses that had been set fire to. More significant losses incurred as a result of military actions were experienced in the spring of 1915 by the Jews living in Paprūsė (Podlesi region), Šiauliai country and the Courland border. During the research, 92 cases of losing the Jewish documentary heritage were established. Relevant data were collected on the essential aspects of preserving and losing documentary heritage in the period of 1914–1918. More in-depth analysis was conducted on the losses of Jewish documentary heritage in Gruzdžiai, Jurbarkas, Kelmė, Kuršėnai, Raseiniai, Leckava, Seredžius, Švėkšna, Tirkšliai, Tauragė ir Žemaičių Naumiestis. The total value of these losses amounts to 96 thousand roubles. Among the most valuable were the manuscript libraries collected by Torah and Jewish communities as well as archival collections. The Jews were known to have established a great number of libraries; even the illiterate Jews had personal collections of books. Quite a few Jewish libraries stored a 1000 and more volumes of books. Due to the significant losses of both archival documents and human demography, the author could not further develop the reconstruction of this heritage on a larger scale. However, the material collected made it possible to identify and evaluate the common problems of preserving and losing Samogitian Jews' documentary heritage during World War I.

In 1914, the Samogitian Jews were exposed to the first adverse consequences of World War I. Thus, the town centre of Žemaičių Naumiestis was burnt down; more than 50 local Jewish libraries were destroyed from fire. In 1915, deportations of the Jewish population into the depths of Russia began. More intense activities by the German troops on the borderline resulted in huge material and human losses. The period in question was marked by cases of thefts and wilful destruction of Jewish documentary heritage. However, in most cases Jews' belongings and assets perished in the fire together with their houses that had been set fire to. More significant losses incurred as a result of military actions were experienced in the spring of 1915 by the Jews living in Paprūsė (Podlesi region), Šiauliai country and the Courland border. During the research, 92 cases of losing the Jewish documentary heritage were established. Relevant data were collected on the essential aspects of preserving and losing documentary heritage in the period of 1914–1918. More in-depth analysis was conducted on the losses of Jewish documentary heritage in Gruzdžiai, Jurbarkas, Kelmė, Kuršėnai, Raseiniai, Leckava, Seredžius, Švėkšna, Tirkšliai, Tauragė ir Žemaičių Naumiestis. The total value of these losses amounts to 96 thousand roubles. Among the most valuable were the manuscript libraries collected by Torah and Jewish communities as well as archival collections. The Jews were known to have established a great number of libraries; even the illiterate Jews had personal collections of books. Quite a few Jewish libraries stored a 1000 and more volumes of books. Due to the significant losses of both archival documents and human demography, the author could not further develop the reconstruction of this heritage on a larger scale. However, the material collected made it possible to identify and evaluate the common problems of preserving and losing Samogitian Jews' documentary heritage during World War I.

The Samogitian book is a relevant part of the regional culture history. In this article, the regional book is shown as a publishing product of the local communities which met their demands. Samogitia's historical development is analysed in more detail, whilst its clarifications are essential when determining the spread of regional book culture. The status and territorial delineation of Samogitia had been changing, thus three regional stages are distinguished: 1) the Great Duchy of Lithuania (1795), 2) tsarist Russia (1975–1917) and 3) Independent Lithuania (1918–1944). The precise choice of time and space allows us to name the Samogitian press as a production which is familiar from the data of publishing and printing. With reference to this principle, the multilingual layers of printed and handwritten heritage of the region are covered. Regional book in the sense of author and language is variegated. Its creators were culturally active members of local communities, which met the needs of themselves and of other local inhabitants. Besides Lithuanian book, attention is drawn also to Latin, Polish, Russian, French, Jewish and German press production. Local handwritten heritage and handwritten books are integrated into the analysis of regional book as the distinctive part of regional book culture.The Samogitian ethnic book, witten in its peculiar dialect, is recognized as a quite independent and at the same time integral part of Samogitian book. Samogitian book, which had its upspring late in the 17th century, had very strong positions in the culture of Great Lithuania in the 19th century due to the Lituanistic movement. It decreased in the period of generating Lithuanian appellative language, although cultured Samogitians had been recovering it during all the first part of the 20th century. The Samogitian book underwent the patterns that are common and appropriate only for this region and which influenced the complicated situation of publishing and the general state of book culture. Referring to this concept of regional book, the Samogitian book is conceived as a consistent part of the Great Lithuania's book history. ; Vilniaus universiteto Knygotyros ir dokumentotyros institutasUniversiteto g. 3, LT-01513 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: petreikist@gmail.comŽemaitijos knyga svarbi regiono kultūros istorijos dalis. Straipsnyje regioninė knyga suvokiama kaip lokalinės bendruomenės visas leidybos produktas, tenkinantis jos poreikius. Detaliau analizuojama Žemaitijos istorinė raida, be kurios neišsiversime nustatydami regioninės knygos kultūros erdvę. Žemaitijos statusas ir teritorinis apibrėžimas keitėsi, tad išskiriami trys regiono raidos etapai: 1) LDK (iki 1795),2) carinės Rusijos (1795–1917) ir Nepriklausomos Lietuvos (1918–1944). Tikslus laiko ir erdvės pasirinkimas leidžia įvardyti Žemaitijos spaudos produkciją, kuri yra pažįstama iš leidybos ir spausdinimo duomenų. Remiantis šiuo principu aprėpiami regiono įvairiakalbiai spausdintinio ir rankraštinio palikimo klodai. Regioninė knyga autoriaus ir kalbos prasme yra nevienalytė. Jos kūrėjais buvo kultūriškai aktyvioji lokalinės visuomenės dalis, tenkinanti asmeninius ir kitų vietos gyventojų poreikius. Bendros politinės ir kultūrinės įtakos lėmė įvairiakalbės raštijos svarbą regiono knygos kultūroje. Daugiau dėmesio, be lietuviškos knygos, skiriama lotyniškai, lenkiškai, rusiškai, prancūziškai, žydiškai ir vokiškai spaudos produkcijai. Į regioninės knygos tyrimus integruojamas vietos rankraštinis palikimas ir rankraštinė knyga kaip savita regiono knygos kultūros dalis. Žemaičių etninė knyga, išsiskirianti savo tarminiu pagrindu, suvokiama kaip gana savarankiška, bet sykiu integrali Žemaitijos knygos dalis. XVII a. pabaigoje užgimusi žemaitiškoji knyga, dėl žemaičių lituanistinio sąjūdžio XIX a. turėjo tvirtas pozicijas Didžiosios Lietuvos knygos kultūroje. Kuriantis lietuvių bendrinei kalbai ji sumenko, nors žemaičių kultūrininkų pastangomis buvo gaivinama visą XX a. pirmąją pusę. Žemaitijos knyga patyrė bendrus ir tik šiam regionui būdingus knygos kultūros dėsningumus, kurie atsiliepė komplikuotai leidybos situacijai ir regiono knygos kultūros būklei. Remiantis šia regioninės knygos koncepcija Žemaitijos knyga suvokiama kaip savarankiška Didžiosios Lietuvos knygos istorijos dalis.

Regional studies are not ends in themselves; they have a clear methodological basis – regionalism – promoting the complex look at these studies, as well as the search for distinctive forms of regional cultural expressions. In Lithuania, century-long regional studies of book culture have survived an uneven evolution. It was influenced by the instability of the evolution of regionalism, the processes of sovietisation, and the inaction of current regional policy in the country. In the context of Eastern Europe, regional studies have not significantly lagged behind the general development of book science; thus, the attention to them has always remained fairly consistent. The largest historical gains are achieved by the studies of Lithuania Minor, started in the 20th century by Prof. V. Gaigalaitis and A. Bruožis, and in the 70s taken over and qualitatively developed by Prof. D. Kaunas. The most important historiographical achievement is the assessment of an autonomous concept of book culture in Lithuania Minor. It has been achieved by a consistent and systematic investigation of the press, publishing, library and book trade history in this region. Regional studies of the biggest regions of Lithuania – Aukštaitija, Dzūkija, Suvalkija, and Samogitia – differ significantly among themselves. Prof. V. Biržiška, who was the first to formulate the concept of the book of Samogitia, had given a positive shift in developing the further studies of this region. Despite the lack in generalising works, localized studies, as well as the analysis of individual issues facilitate the favourable conditions for the reconstruction of a multi-faceted picture of book culture in Samogitia. The maturity of studies in the regions of Aukštaitija, Dzūkija, Suvalkija, and Samogitia is considerably more modest – library studies are mainly developed, a smaller extent of book distribution is noticed. Therefore, a more broadly developed analysis of individual questions cannot represent the direction of regional studies. In general, regional studies lack social sections; consequently, the relationships of the inhabitants of different regions to the book are still difficult to imagine. From the institutional point of view, there is a lack of the concentration of regional study centres; as a result, the history research centres operating either in Klaipėda or in Šiauliai pay little attention to the problems of regional book history, and the researchers engaged in this activity do not always manage to overstep the boundaries of Šiauliai and Klaipėda cities. Since the middle of the 20th century, the most famous centre of the concentration of book science studies has been the one established in the Vilnius University; for this reason, representatives of library science and book studies in the regional studies accumulated the majority of theoretical and empirical knowledge. The historical past of the regions of Lithuania has a direct link to the maturity of regional studies, but the studies of book culture are not only historical. The fixation of the present situation and its analysis are of no less importance than the studies of the problems of the past book history. In the theoretical context of regional studies, we still lag behind our Eastern and Western neighbours; for this reason, we often solve contemporaneous historiographical problems rather than trying to find the continuity of the forms of regional book culture. From the positions of the book culture paradigm of V. Vasiliev, the majority of the aspects of book culture have been more or less explored, except for the problems of book art. The challenge for future studies is the search for theoretical and methodological decisions allowing the evaluation of regional book culture as a form of regional cultural expression.