Suchergebnisse

A new way of thinking about the climate crisis as an exercise in delimiting knowable, and habitable, worldsAs carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise, Earth's fragile ecosystems are growing increasingly unstable and unpredictable. Horizon Work explores how climate change is disrupting our fundamental ability to project how the environment will act over time, and how rapidly faltering projections are colliding with the dangerous new realities of emergency response.Anthropologist Adriana Petryna examines the climate crisis through the lens of "horizoning," a mode of reckoning that considers unnatural disasters against a horizon of expectation in which people and societies can act. She talks to wildfire scientists who, amid chaotic fire seasons and shifting fire behaviors, are revising predictive models calibrated to conditions that no longer exist. Petryna tells the stories of wildland firefighters who could once rely on memory of previous fires to gauge the behaviors of the next. Trust in patterns has become an occupational hazard. Sometimes, the very concept of projection becomes untenable. Yet if all we see is doom, we will overlook something crucial about the scientific and ethical labors needed to hold back climate chaos. Here is where the work of horizoning begins.From experiments probing our planetary points of no return to disaster ecologies where the stark realities of climate change are being confronted, Horizon Work reveals how this new way of thinking has the power to reverse harmful legacies while turning voids where projection falters into spaces of collective action and recoverable futures

On April 26, 1986, Unit Four of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor exploded in then Soviet Ukraine. More than 3.5 million people in Ukraine alone, not to mention many citizens of surrounding countries, are still suffering the effects. Life Exposed is the first book to comprehensively examine the vexed political, scientific, and social circumstances that followed the disaster. Tracing the story from an initial lack of disclosure to post-Soviet democratizing attempts to compensate sufferers, Adriana Petryna uses anthropological tools to take us into a world whose social realities are far more immediate and stark than those described by policymakers and scientists. She asks: What happens to politics when state officials fail to inform their fellow citizens of real threats to life? What are the moral and political consequences of remedies available in the wake of technological disasters?

En la transición del socialismo al capitalismo de mercado, los cuerpos, las poblaciones y las categorías de ciudadanía han sido reordenados. La gestión racional y técnica de los grupos afectados por el desastre de Chernóbil en Ucrania es una ventana a este controvertido proceso. Chernóbil ejemplifica un momento en el que el conocimiento científico se colapsó y emergieron nuevos mapas y categorías. Los modelos antiguos de bienestar dependen de definiciones precisas que sitúan a los ciudadanos y sus atributos en un embrollo cruzado de categorías conocidas en las que se basan las reclamaciones de derechos. En ello se observa cómo las ambigüedades relacionadas con la categorización del sufrimiento crearon un campo político en el que un estado, formas de ciudadanía y economías informales fueron reconstruidos.

En la transición del socialismo al capitalismo de mercado, los cuerpos, las poblaciones y las categorías de ciudadanía han sido reordenados. La gestión racional y técnica de los grupos afectados por el desastre de Chernóbil en Ucrania es una ventana a este controvertido proceso. Chernóbil ejemplifica un momento en el que el conocimiento científico se colapsó y emergieron nuevos mapas y categorías. Los modelos antiguos de bienestar dependen de definiciones precisas que sitúan a los ciudadanos y sus atributos en un embrollo cruzado de categorías conocidas en las que se basan las reclamaciones de derechos. En ello se observa cómo las ambigüedades relacionadas con la categorización del sufrimiento crearon un campo político en el que un estado, formas de ciudadanía y economías informales fueron reconstruidos ; In the transition out of socialism to market capitalism, bodies, populations, and categories of citizenship have been reordered. The rational-technical management of groups affected by the Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine is a window into this contested process. Chernobyl exemplifies a moment when scientific knowability collapsed and new maps and categories of entitlement emerged. Older models of welfare rely on precise definitions situating citizens and their attributes on a cross-mesh of known categories upon which claims rights are based. Here one observes how ambiguities related to categorizing suffering created a political field in which a state, forms of citizenship, and informal economies were remade

In the transition out of socialism to market capitalism, bodies, populations, and categories of citizenship have been reordered. The rational-technical management of groups affected by the Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine is a window into this contested process. Chernobyl exemplifies a moment when scientific knowability collapsed and new maps and categories of entitlement emerged. Older models of welfare rely on precise definitions situating citizens and their attributes on a cross-mesh of known categories upon which claims rights are based. Here one observes how ambiguities related to categorizing suffering created a political field in which a state, forms of citizenship, and informal economies were remade. ; En la transición del socialismo al capitalismo de mercado, los cuerpos, las poblaciones y las categorías de ciudadanía han sido reordenados. La gestión racional y técnica de los grupos afectados por el desastre de Chernóbil en Ucrania es una ventana a este controvertido proceso. Chernóbil ejemplifica un momento en el que el conocimiento científico se colapsó y emergieron nuevos mapas y categorías. Los modelos antiguos de bienestar dependen de definiciones precisas que sitúan a los ciudadanos y sus atributos en un embrollo cruzado de categorías conocidas en las que se basan las reclamaciones de derechos. En ello se observa cómo las ambigüedades relacionadas con la categorización del sufrimiento crearon un campo político en el que un estado, formas de ciudadanía y economías informales fueron reconstruidos.

Petryna, A. (2016). Ciudadanía biológica: ciencia y políticas sobre poblaciones expuestas a Chernobyl. Redes, 22(42), 83-107. ; El contexto de la transición del socialismo al capitalismo de mercado dentro de las repúblicas que formaban parte del bloque soviético no solo implicó profundas transformaciones a nivel de la política, sino que también dio lugar a un profundo reordenamiento de cuerpos, poblaciones y categorías de ciudadanía. El manejo técnico-racional de los grupos afectados por el desastre de Chernobyl en Ucrania se presenta como una ventana privilegiada para problematizar este proceso. Chernobyl ejemplifica un momento en el que la cognoscibilidad científica –o la capacidad de conocimiento de la ciencia– colapsó, dando lugar a la emergencia de nuevos mapas y categorías de derecho. Los modelos previos de bienestar social estaban basados en definiciones precisas que situaban a los ciudadanos y atributos que definían esta condición en una trama de categorías conocidas, sobre las cuales se fundamentaban las demandas por el reconocimiento de derechos. El caso que aquí analizo permite dar cuenta de cómo las ambigüedades vinculadas a la categorización del sufrimiento crearon un campo político en el cual se reformularon nociones más amplias de Estado, formas de ciudadanía y economías informales. ; In the transition out of socialism to market capitalism, bodies, populations, and categories of citizenship have been reordered. The rational-technical management of groups affected by the Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine is a window into this contested process. Chernobyl exemplifies a moment when scientific knowability collapsed and new maps and categories of entitlement emerged. Older models of welfare rely on precise definitions situating citizens and their attributes on a cross-mesh of known categories upon which claims rights are based. Here one observes how ambiguities related to categorizing suffering created a political field in which a state, forms of citizenship, and informal economies.

There has been considerable growth in clinical trials being offshored and conducted worldwide. Research on new drugs and drug development spending has skyrocketed over the past three decades, but the public benefits stemming from this boom remain limited. Because clinical trials are expensive, they often undermine the affordability and accessibility of new medicines. Once trial data has been sent off to headquarters, new problems emerge locally such as maintaining continuity of treatment for patients and ongoing attempts by trial sponsors to control patient data. This essay explores how coalitions of physicians and health policy makers in Brazil are scrutinizing the value of new drugs while securing patients' rights to high-cost medicines—and the complex political and market factors that impede such efforts. The "trial" is not only a hypothesis-testing instrument, it reinvents the doctor-patient relationship and opens new institutional and socio-medical possibilities. This analysis also serves as an ethnographic resource for physicians and patients in other low-income countries, where rights to health are constitutionally mandated but where needed medicines and their sustainable provisioning are constantly under threat.

The outsourcing and offshoring of clinical trials has generated an unprecedented global field of experimental activity. The geography of drug development and clinical trial participation is changing, but estimates of trials being carried out worldwide remain tentative at best. This essay charts the mobility of the clinical trials industry and its move into low‐ and middle‐income countries. It explores how subcontracted scientists and entrepreneurs who make up this industry interact with regulatory bodies in the United States and abroad, particularly in eastern Europe, where I carried out ethnographic research. The essay illuminates the scientific, economic, and regulatory mechanisms by which this experimentality takes form. It shows the transparency of this experimental enterprise and how it molds itself to international norms and national politics. There is a public policy vacuum with regard to how benefits and risks are being assessed in this new enterprise.