Suchergebnisse

International audience ; France has engaged since 2012 in a new legislative process of "modernization of territorial public action and affirmation of metropolises". This communication recalls the European conceptual framework of on-going discussions on the same topic (double evolution towards europeanisation and devolution, territorial capital and place-based cohesion policy, multilevel governance combining institutional and functional approaches), puts the French reform, which mixes the functional approach of " territorial conferences for public action" and an institutional approach for metropolises, in perspective of this European framework, and more specifically of German policies. Finally, it looks at the case of cross-border regions, the way they are addressed by the law, and gives some advice as to their governance. ; La France s'est engagée depuis 2012 dans un nouveau processus législatif de « modernisation de l'action publique territoriale et d'affirmation des métropoles ». Cette communication rappelle le cadre conceptuel européen des discussions en cours sur le sujet (double mouvement d'européanisation et de décentralisation, politique de cohésion basée sur l'approche place-based et le capital territorial, gouvernance multi-niveaux combinant les types institutionnel et fonctionnel). Elle met en perspective de ce cadre européen, et plus particulièrement des politiques menées en Allemagne, la réforme française qui mixe approche fonctionnelle des « conférences territoriales de l'action publique » et approche institutionnelle pour les métropoles. Enfin, elle examine le cas des territoires transfrontaliers, la façon dont ils sont abordés par la loi, et donne quelques préconisations pour leur gouvernance.

International audience ; Practitioners of spatial planning and territorial development need territorial sciences, and these sciences, on the other hand, also address public policies; interactions between academics and practitioners are constantly evolving, and differ according to the countries, as well for processes and objects that support them. The emergence of new territories across national borders (cross border regions, European Union,…) requires such an interaction at these new scales, but differences between national approaches make it more complex accordingly. It is therefore necessary to compare the interaction processes, and to consider how they can fit each other, which requires, not only inputs from geography or economy, but also from history and sociology. MOTS CLÉS Aménagement du territoire, cohésion territoriale, coopération transfrontalière. ; Les praticiens de l'aménagement ont besoin des sciences du territoire, et celles–ci s'intéressent, en retour, aux politiques publiques ; les interactions entre chercheurs et praticiens sont en évolution constante, et diffèrent selon les pays, tant par la nature des processus que par celle des objets mobilisés. L'émergence de nouveaux territoires au travers des frontières d'Etat (régions transfrontalières, Union européenne,…), rend nécessaire une telle interaction à ces nouvelles échelles, mais les différences entre approches nationales la rend d'autant plus complexe. Il importe donc de comparer ces processus d'interaction, d'examiner comment ils peuvent s'appareiller, ce qui rend nécessaire le recours, au-delà des apports de la géographie ou de l'économie, à ceux de l'histoire ou de la sociologie.

The Barca Report advocates for developmental policies to be 'place-based': integrated as far as they affect 'places'. The debate on territorial cohesion is equally concerned with integrating relevant policies and actions. This requires well-established democratic institutions and adequate responses to the demands of technical systems and of markets. Following Lisbeth Hooghe and Gary Marks, the respective arrangements are described as Governance Type I and Type II. All levels of government, including that of the EU, partake in both types, but relations between them are problematic, particularly in the context of Europe 2020: Will this EU strategy be mainly a matter for Directorate-Generals and their various clients pursuing their policies (Governance Type II), or will Cohesion policy, with its more integrated and decentralised approach, involving many levels of government and stakeholders (Governance Type I) form platforms for integrating them? This paper presents four scenarios; each based on a combination of strong/weak Governance Type I and Type II, which are labelled as the 'Anglo-Saxon', 'Saint-Simonian', 'Rhineland' and the 'European' Scenarios. The authors prefer the latter, but the best one can hope for in the short term is for this option not to fall by the wayside. ; The paper is published by the European Journal of Spatial Development (EJSD). The previous version of the journal was host by Nordregio.

Over the past thirty years, new forms and mechanisms of governance have multiplied in the border regions of Europe. The French-German border has seemed to distinguish itself as an early adopter of new cooperation frameworks, often instigated by developments on the European level on the one hand and by bilateral national cooperation on the other hand. This paper delivers an analysis of French and German policies for territorial cooperation, and of the evolution of cross-border cooperation between the two countries. Taking the example of the Greater Region and the Upper-Rhine Region, we scrutinise two different representations of cross-border institutionalisation in-depth. We then discuss the renewed prospects for border regions stemming from the bilateral French-German Aachen Treaty. Following this analysis, we make use of three conceptual lenses - multi-level governance, soft spaces and interterritoriality - to reflect on the evolution of territorial cooperation across this border. In conclusion, our reflections on the French-German situation inspire recommendations for a next phase in the development of European cross-border cooperation.

In den letzten drei Jahrzehnten haben sich in den europäischen Grenzregionen neue Formen und Mechanismen der Governance herausgebildet. Die deutsch-französische Grenze scheint sich als frühes Anwendungsbeispiel neuer Kooperationsrahmen auszuzeichnen, die oft durch Entwicklungen auf europäischer Ebene einerseits und durch bilaterale nationale Kooperationen andererseits angestoßen wurden. Dieser Beitrag analysiert die französische und deutsche Politik der territorialen Zusammenarbeit und die Entwicklung der grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit zwischen den beiden Ländern. Am Beispiel der Großregion und des Oberrheingebiets werden zwei unterschiedliche Darstellungen der grenzüberschreitenden Institutionalisierung eingehend untersucht. Anschließend werden die neuen Perspektiven für Grenzregionen diskutiert, die sich aus dem deutsch-französischen Vertrag von Aachen ergeben. Im Anschluss an diese Analyse wird die Entwicklung der territorialen Zusammenarbeit über die Grenze hinweg anhand von Konzepten wie Multi-Level-Governance, Soft Spaces und Interterritorialität untersucht. Abschließend geben unsere Überlegungen zur deutsch-französischen Situation Anregungen für die nächste Phase der Entwicklung der europäischen grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit.

Over the past thirty years, new forms and mechanisms of governance have multiplied in the border regions of Europe. The French-German border has seemed to distinguish itself as an early adopter of new cooperation frameworks, often instigated by developments on the European level on the one hand and by bilateral national cooperation on the other hand. This paper delivers an analysis of French and German policies for territorial cooperation, and of the evolution of cross-border cooperation between the two countries. Taking the example of the Greater Region and the UpperRhine Region, we scrutinise two different representations of cross-border institutionalisation in-depth. We then discuss the renewed prospects for border regions stemming from the bilateral French-German Aachen Treaty. Following this analysis, we make use of three conceptual lenses - multi-level governance, soft spaces and inter-territoriality - to reflect on the evolution of territorial cooperation across this border. In conclusion, our reflections on the French-German situation inspire recommendations for a next phase in the development of European cross-border cooperation.