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After the fundamental essay of 1886 Soul and Body, in which Dewey affirms that there is continuity between body and soul and a specific dualism does not exist -as he demonstrated since the first publications on Materialism and Spinoza- the philosopher questions himself concerning democracy in the essay The Ethics of Democracy of 1888, which represents the presupposition to understand Democracy and Education of 1916.In this essay, Dewey affirms that the development is of the individual must have an ethical space to realize himself/herself. The individual is an expression of social development, then, he/she is a social organism, who tends, in a platonic way, to the construction of Goodness.But, Maine's theory denies a fundamental concept, which is central for Dewey: the concept of organism. The significance of organism is intercourse and exchange. For Dewey, as for Plato, democracy must be a harmonic community based on justice, and on the relation between the individual and the state, in such a way adapting the individual in an organic way to the state.This essay, in my opinion, is the presupposition of Democracy and Education, in particular referring to chapter IX, Natural Development and Social Efficiency as Aims. Democracy is a way of life, which develops through the individual who must be considered as a social organism within a specific ethical space. ; Dopo il fondamentale testo del 1886 Soul and Body in cui Dewey afferma che c'è una continuità tra il corpo e l'anima e non esiste uno specifico dualismo -secondo l'idea che lo aveva guidato sin dai primi due scritti sul materialismo e Spinoza- il filosofo si interroga sul tema della democrazia nel saggio The Ethics of Democracy del 1888 che rappresenta sicuramente il presupposto per comprendere Democracy and Education del 1916.In questa opera Dewey afferma che lo sviluppo dell'individuo deve avere uno spazio etico per potersi manifestare in quanto l'individuo è espressione dello sviluppo sociale e, quindi, organismo sociale che tende, platonicamente, alla ...

This paper is divided into three brief parts and will try to clarify, in the young John Dewey, the meaning of the individual as a social organism. The individual as a social organism is considered as a «container and user» of democracy, in continuous movement and thus changeable, through: (a) the understanding of ethics, an ideal that loses value if it is separated from the spiritualistic-naturalistic conception; (b) the organic law of every individual. In fact, the subjective aspect, the intention, the inner thrust all link up with the objective aspect, the universal status, with society in all its aspects; (c) the role of social theory as a peculiar type of moral organism and as a concept of individual liberty to be understood in its positive meaning: becoming social individuals. These three aspects embody, within an educational perspective, the idea of progress that consists of the common good and common duty, thus becoming the main thread of Dewey's democratic theory. By means of pedagogical dictates Dewey will prove that, in order to become a «conscious act», the creation of a State must become the representation of the individual's essence.