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Kann Rechtsmissbrauch innovative Wirkungen zeitigen? Inwieweit tragen Umgehungsgeschäfte und die Verwendung fiktiver Elemente in Urkundenformularen zur Entwicklung neuer Rechtsformen bei? Ausgewählte Beispiele aus der Rechtspraxis des Alten Orients, des hellenistischen Ägypten und Roms geben in historisch-rechtsvergleichender Perspektive hierauf Antwort. Guido Pfeifer wurde im Jahr 2001 von der Juristischen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München promoviert und habilitierte sich dort 2005. Seit 2007 ist er Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Antike Rechtsgeschichte, Europäische Privatrechtsgeschichte und Zivilrecht an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main.

The extent of the legal framework of the economic institution of sale in the Old Babylonian period that can be derived from normative texts as well as from texts from the legal practice refers to very basic structures and a smaller number of special cases. The allocative function of law for economic behavior has therefore to be described as limited. Nevertheless, the rather liberal economic system was restricted by normative measures such as debt release which were closely connected to the idea of justice as a universal concept and thus ensured social and political stability of the community.

The paper focuses on the problems of a juridical classification and evaluation of Ancient Near Eastern treaties with regard to the question if there existed an Ancient Near Eastern International Law or not. Alternatively treaties and their content are looked at uncommitted as mechanisms of conflict and dispute resolution. Main aspects are preliminary and prophylactic conflict resolution in treaties and the procedural context and efficiency of treaties.