Suchergebnisse

The question of how we live among strangers in daily life is an established concern in contemporary social analysis. A key topic has been the achievements of the individual in rendering daily life among unknown others possible. Yet, questions of residual failure await full development. The study aims to describe the results of an Australian study that examined the significance and meaning of interactional breakdown with strangers in everyday life for the contemporary individual. Focus group methodology is used to describe common threads of understanding that ordinary people have developed around such events in terms of prevalence, reasons and remedies. Noteworthy findings are (i) the use of period and generational kinds of historical thinking in lay reflections on the state of everyday incivility (ii) the materialization of excessive individualism, runaway capitalist values and diminished community as key ideas within lay talk about the generators of everyday incivility, and (iii) the articulation of communitarianism as a preferred panacea to everyday incivility for lay actors.

To read the New Testament is to meet the Old Testament at every turn. But exactly how do Old Testament texts relate to their New Testament references and allusions? Moreover, what fruitful interpretive methods do New Testament texts demonstrate? Leading biblical scholars Walter Kaiser, Darrel Bock and Peter Enns each present their answers to questions surrounding the use of the Old Testament in the New Testament. Contributors address elements such as Divine and human authorial intent, the context of Old Testament references, and theological grounds for an interpretive method. Every author applies his framework to the same three texts so that readers see each method's practical use. Each contributor also receives a thorough critique from the other two authors. A one-stop reference for setting the scene and presenting approaches to the topic that respect the biblical text, Three Views on the New Testament Use of Old Testament gives readers the tools they need to develop their own views on this important subject. The Counterpoints series provides a forum for comparison and critique of different views on issues important to Christians. Counterpoints books address two categories: Church Life and Bible and Theology. Complete your library with other books in the Counterpoints series.

OBJECTIVES: Salmonella infection can lead to diarrhea and diminished weight gains in livestock, as well as gastroenteritis in humans. Although antibiotics have been used historically on the farm to promote animal growth, this practice may also foster development of resistant bacterial strains and thereby deplete our arsenal of effective antibiotic therapies. Here, Salmonella typhimurium (isolated from cecal contents of swine) is shown to be vulnerable to zinc oxide (ZnO) and theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (TF3), each at gastrointestinal concentrations achievable via the diet. METHODS: Propagation of Salmonella in Mueller-Hinton broth suspension was assessed in dose-response experiments involving ZnO or TF3 exposures, and subsequently in experiments using a combination of these compounds. RESULTS: The minimum effective concentrations against 6-hour growth of Salmonella at 37°C were 1 mM ZnO (62% inhibition) or 25 μM TF3 (30% inhibition). Salmonella growth was inhibited up to 99.6% when exposed to 7 mM ZnO, and up to 89% when exposed to 100 μM TF3. In concurrent experiments assessing individual effects of either ZnO or TF3, as well as a combination of these treatments, the minimum effective concentration of ZnO was found to be more potent given alone than when given in combination with TF3. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that physiological concentrations of ZnO within the human gut lumen (upon consuming dietary supplements containing less than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level) may limit or prevent the ability of Salmonella to propagate. Similarly, TF3 (at human gut concentrations upon consuming less than a single cup of black tea) appears to suppress Salmonella, yet TF3 could compete or otherwise constrain the efficacy of ZnO. Applications of these findings may include customized ZnO or TF3 delivery platforms for use in humans at high risk of diarrheal disease or other gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., military personnel on deployment under austere environmental conditions), as well as in agricultural practices to ...