Suchergebnisse

Institutional elites within society's 3 sectors, ie, the corporate, the governmental, & the public interest, are defined: (1) (corporate) individuals occupying formal positions of authority in institutions controlling roughly over half of the nation's total corporate assets, (2) (governmental) individuals in formal authority positions in the major civilian & military bureaucracies of national government, & (3) (public interest) individuals in authority positions in prestigious private U's, philanthropic foundations, law firms, & civic & cultural organizations. Individuals within these diverse elite groups are characterized with respect to their specializations, biographical records of previous experience in prestigious authority positions, social characteristics including age, sex, education, & urbanity, & avenues taken in the rise to the top. Differentiation & convergence of these factors between elite-types are described. 4 Tables, Appendix. C. Grindle.

Background: Caribbean offshore medical schools are for-profit, private institutions that provide undergraduate medical education to primarily international students, including from the United States or Canada. Despite the growing role that offshore medical schools play in training Canadian physicians, little is known about how these institutions are perceived by those in professional and decision-making positions where graduates intend to practice.Methods: The authors interviewed 13 Canadian medical education stakeholders whose professional positions entail addressing the medical education system or physician workforce. Participants were employed in academic, governmental, and non-governmental organizations in leadership roles.Results: Thematic analysis revealed three cross-cutting perceptions of offshore medical schools: (a) they are at the bottom of an international hierarchy of medical schools; (b) they are heterogeneous in quality of education and student body; and (c) they have a unique business model, characterized by profit-generating and serving international students.Conclusion: Consistent growth of the offshore medical school industry in the Caribbean may result in adverse reputational harms for well-established offshore or regional medical schools. Both comparative (e.g., USMLE pass rate) and intuitive factors (e.g., professional familiarity) informed participants' perceptions. Participants believed that core principles of social accountability in medical education are incompatible with the offshore medical school model.

Top instit'al leadership in both the public & private sectors of US society--industry, COMM, banking, law, civic & cultural affairs, gov, educ, the military, etc--is examined. The purpose is to: (a) develop a systematic definition of a nat'l, instit'al elite; (b) measure the concentration of authority in top instit'al positions; (c) examine the extent of interlocking & specialization among instit'l elites & describe the pattern of recruitment to top instit'al positions. "Elite" is defined as "those individuals in the US who occupy formal positions of authority in those instit's which control over half the nation's total resources." These instit's are identified & listed & it is found that 4,100 individuals control roughly half of the nation's resources by occupying 5,400 positions of formal authority in 12 sectors of society. 40% of the positions are interlocked & 20% of the individuals hold more than 1 position, while some individuals hold 3 or more positions. Examples of "multiple interlockers" are: David Rockefeller, Cyrus R. Vance; Henry Ford, II. 21 such multiple interlockers were found to comprise the top power elite group in 1970. Next, the interlock patterns are examined. Control of personal wealth is found clearly linked with occupancy of top positions in the leading instit's of US society. Top position-holders were found to hold multiple positions of authority over time (10.7 average for the top 21). Biographical information shows that there are many diff paths to authority. However, corporate industry supplied a disproportionate share of top leadership in every sector except law, gov & the military. In conclusion, power is found to be concentrated in an elite in the US in 1970. There is evidence of polyarchy & there is both concentration & specialization in the nation's instit'al elite structure. 5 Tables. M. Maxfield.

"Reprinted from The law reporter." ; Running title: Case of Alexander McLeod. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Sabin ; Mode of access: Internet.

Digital innovations have led to an explosion of data in healthcare, driving processes of democratization and foreshadowing the end of the paternalistic era of medicine and the inception of a new epoch characterized by patient-centered care. We illustrate that the "do it yourself" (DIY) automated insulin delivery (AID) innovation of diabetes is a leading example of democratization of medicine as evidenced by its application to the three pillars of democratization in healthcare (intelligent computing; sharing of information; and privacy, security, and safety) outlined by Stanford but also within a broader context of democratization. The heuristic algorithms integral to DIY AID have been developed and refined by human intelligence and demonstrate intelligent computing. We deliver examples of research in artificial pancreas technology which actively pursues the use of machine learning representative of artificial intelligence (AI) and also explore alternate approaches to AI within the DIY AID example. Sharing of information symbolizes the core philosophy behind the success of the DIY AID evolution. We examine data sharing for algorithm development and refinement, for sharing of the open-source algorithm codes online, for peer to peer support, and sharing with medical and scientific communities. Do it yourself AID systems have no regulatory approval raising safety concerns as well as medico-legal and ethical implications for healthcare professionals. Other privacy and security factors are also discussed. Democratization of healthcare promises better health access for all and we recognize the limitations of DIY AID as it exists presently, however, we believe it has great potential.

"Civil Effects Test Group"--Cover. ; "Issuance date: August 17, 1960"--Cover. ; "Military category: 42"--Cover. ; "AEC category: Biology and medicine."--Cover. ; "WT-1542"--Cover. ; "Project 39.6 (Supplement 1)"--Cover. ; "Operation Plumbbob, Nevada test site, May-October 1957"--Cover. ; "June 1959." ; Mode of access: Internet.