Suchergebnisse

Considers a large number of developing nations for which data are available and describes the levels and trends in teen fertility rates. (Abstract amended)

NEW YORK'S FINANCIAL TRACKING SYSTEM IS THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING SYSTEM OF LOCAL FINANCES MAINTAINED BY ANY STATE IN THE COUNTRY. ESTABLISHED IN 1982, IT PROVIDES LOCAL OFFICIALS WITH A SET OF ANNUAL SUMMARY MEASURES COMPARING THEIR GOVERNMENT'S CURRENT FISCAL PERFORMANCE WITH THAT OF THE PAST AND WITH THAT OF OTHER LOCALITIES OF THE SAME CATEGORY. THIS PAPER PRESENTS THE CENTRAL FEATURES OF THAT PIONEERING EFFORT, DISCUSSES ITS STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES, AND COMPARES IT WITH OTHER MONITORING SYSTEMS READILY AVAILABLE TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.

Not Available ; The methods adopted in India for the curing of " Choodai " (Sardinella spp.) in places where this fish constitutes a major portion of the fishery can be broadly classified into the following, viz., sun-drying, dry-salting, wet-salting and pit-curing. A specialised method known as the ' Colombo method of curing' is practised on a commercial scale in some places on the West Coast (Nicholson, 1930). The choice of the method adopted by the fishermen seems to be based more on convenience rather than on convention. When there is heavy fishing the fishermen invariably resort to sun drying and often spread the fish on the sandy beach itself for drying. The product thus obtained will not be wholesome and may contain, besides sand, other materials from the mud. The fish is sometimes washed in sea-water before being spread for drying, but this practice also is not strictly followed anywhere. In the dry salting and wet salting processes also many such unhygienic practices are often met with. Immediately after catch, the fish is mixed with salt without washing and removal of the slimy matter (the quantity of salt being a matter of approximation in places where Government fish-curing yards are not available) and left in some containers until a good market is found for the fish. No strict time limit is followed for the salting process and as such the products can either be under-salted or oversalted. As regards pit-curing it can be considered to be the most unhygienic method practiced in the curing of "Choodai". The fish without washing is mixed with salt, generally in excess, and put in pits lined on the inside with palmyrah leaves, covered with palmyrah leaf mats with earth above and tramped upon to give pressure (Nicholson, 1930). The product obtained is often in a disintegrated form with a viciating smell and mixed with a very high percentage of sand. ; Not Available

Not Available ; Fish curing is one of the oldest industries of the coastal areas of India. It has been estimated that about 50 to 70% of the marine fish catches of India are at present being processed into cured products (Government of India Publication, 1951 a and b). Though fish curing is of this magnitude, it is one of the least developed industries of India, although efforts are being made in some of the maritime States such as Madras, Travancore-Cochin and Bombay, to improve curing by providing better facilities to the fishermen engaged in the industry. The methods practised are generally primitive and the attention paid to cleanliness and sanitation leaves much to be desired. Only 17-3% of the total fish landing is being cured through the Government fish curing yards (Government of India Marketing Report, 1951), the rest being processed in private yards which are not under the supervision of Government agencies. ; Not Available

"This book explores emerging new ideas and methodologies that are of common practical interest in the area of sustainable supply chain management. It provides real time case studies that will assist scientists and practitioners in decision-making, to handle their institutions problems and challenges specially in the new areas on remanufacturing"--