Suchergebnisse

Colombia is located in northwestern portion South America. Currently, 46 million people inhabit the country and are mainly concentrated in the cities. According to the National Administrative Department of Statistics (2017), the population distribution is mainly explained by the forced displacement of persons resulting from the Colombian armed conflict that lasted nearly 60 years (from 1960 to 2015). In the present thesis, four problems of particular interest are examined: education for preventing drug use, sexual education, the capacity to forgive in situations of medical negligence, and the capacity to forgive acts of violence perpetrated against women in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. In the first study on the willingness of Colombian adults to forgive, Colombians have difficulties in integrating stimuli at the moment of deciding whether to forgive in a political context, yet it is not easy for them to forgive in a political context compared to other situations such as medical negligence. About the second study, polarization and the invisibility of victims are also common themes with respect to crimes committed against women. The study identified that the willingness to forgive of the participants is low. However, only a small group of participants consider the crime itself upon contemplating forgiveness, while another small group consider the attitude of the aggressor. In regard to the education of young people to prevent drug use, it is important to highlight that many subjects are still taboo in Colombia. As shown by the data, prohibitionist and authoritarian standpoints on drug use are considered to be the most acceptable. In regard to sexual education, the majority of young people in Colombia do not have access to such education despite this being a basic right. Likewise, parents and caretakers are apparently unable to effectively and assertively educate their children on this topic. ; La Colombie est un pays situé dans le nord-ouest de l'Amérique du Sud. La plupart de ses 46 millions d'habitants sont concentrés dans les villes. Selon le Département Administratif National des Statistiques (2017), la répartition de la population s'explique par le déplacement forcé des personnes, causé par le conflit armé qui a duré presque 60 ans (de 1960 à 2015). Dans la présente thèse, quatre problèmes d'un intérêt particulier sont examinés : l'éducation pour prévenir la consommation des drogues, l'éducation sexuelle, la capacité de pardon dans des situations de négligence des soins et la capacité de pardon des actes de violence perpétués contre les femmes dans le contexte du conflit armé colombien. Cette étude a identifié que la volonté de pardon des participants est faible. Cependant, un petit groupe de participants seulement accorde une importance au crime lui-même concernant le pardon, tandis qu'un autre petit groupe, accorde plus d'importance à l'attitude de l'agresseur. Concernant l'éducation des jeunes en vue de prévenir la consommation des drogues, il est important de souligner qu'il existe encore plusieurs sujets tabous en Colombie. Selon les données de l'étude, les points de vue prohibitionniste et autoritaire concernant la consommation des drogues sont les plus partagés. S'agissant de l'éducation sexuelle, la plupart de jeunes en Colombie n'y ont pas accès, bien qu'il s'agisse d'un droit fondamental. De plus, les parents ou les personnes en situation de parentalité semblent être incapables d'éduquer leurs enfants efficacement et assertivement au regard de ce sujet.

Colombia is located in northwestern portion South America. Currently, 46 million people inhabit the country and are mainly concentrated in the cities. According to the National Administrative Department of Statistics (2017), the population distribution is mainly explained by the forced displacement of persons resulting from the Colombian armed conflict that lasted nearly 60 years (from 1960 to 2015). In the present thesis, four problems of particular interest are examined: education for preventing drug use, sexual education, the capacity to forgive in situations of medical negligence, and the capacity to forgive acts of violence perpetrated against women in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. In the first study on the willingness of Colombian adults to forgive, Colombians have difficulties in integrating stimuli at the moment of deciding whether to forgive in a political context, yet it is not easy for them to forgive in a political context compared to other situations such as medical negligence. About the second study, polarization and the invisibility of victims are also common themes with respect to crimes committed against women. The study identified that the willingness to forgive of the participants is low. However, only a small group of participants consider the crime itself upon contemplating forgiveness, while another small group consider the attitude of the aggressor. In regard to the education of young people to prevent drug use, it is important to highlight that many subjects are still taboo in Colombia. As shown by the data, prohibitionist and authoritarian standpoints on drug use are considered to be the most acceptable. In regard to sexual education, the majority of young people in Colombia do not have access to such education despite this being a basic right. Likewise, parents and caretakers are apparently unable to effectively and assertively educate their children on this topic. ; La Colombie est un pays situé dans le nord-ouest de l'Amérique du Sud. La plupart de ses 46 millions ...

Daily life demands constant making judgments or decisions. Some of those decisions may be more or less complex depending on ethical, social, historical and political context of social factors and the interaction of these factors with subjects who judge. The aim of this article is to show how Functional Theory of Cognition allows detailed cognitive decision making process analysis, in which they operate: the valuation of stimuli, integration of psychological representation of these stimuli and finally, explicit answer. This process of judgment meets three rules: addition, multiplication, average, for observing the functions that are generated between the factors involved in decisions and issuing a judgment. This theory has had important applications in the areas of clinical psychology and health, political psychology, sports psychology and developmental psychology, areas in which the paper presents the most relevant findings. ; La vida cotidiana demanda la toma de juicios o decisiones constantes. Algunas de esas decisiones pueden ser más o menos complejas dependiendo de factores éticos, sociales, históricos y políticos del contexto social y, de la interacción de estos factores en los sujetos que juzgan. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer cómo la Teoría Funcional de la Cognición permite hacer un análisis detallado del proceso cognitivo de toma de decisión, en el que operan: la valoración de los estímulos, la integración de la representación psicológica de esos estímulos y finalmente, la respuesta explícita. Este proceso de juicio cumple con tres reglas: adición, multiplicación y promedio, que permiten observar las funciones que se generan entre los factores implicados en las decisiones y la emisión de un juicio. Esta teoría tiene importantes aplicaciones en las áreas de la psicología clínica y de salud, la psicología política, la psicología del deporte y la psicología del desarrollo, áreas en las cuáles el artículo presenta los hallazgos más relevantes.

Daily life demands constant making judgments or decisions. Some of those decisions may be more or less complex depending on ethical, social, historical and political context of social factors and the interaction of these factors with subjects who judge. The aim of this article is to show how Functional Theory of Cognition allows detailed cognitive decision making process analysis, in which they operate: the valuation of stimuli, integration of psychological representation of these stimuli and finally, explicit answer. This process of judgment meets three rules: addition, multiplication, average, for observing the functions that are generated between the factors involved in decisions and issuing a judgment. This theory has had important applications in the areas of clinical psychology and health, political psychology, sports psychology and developmental psychology, areas in which the paper presents the most relevant findings. ; La vida cotidiana demanda la toma de juicios o decisiones constantes. Algunas de esas decisiones pueden ser más o menos complejas dependiendo de factores éticos, sociales, históricos y políticos del contexto social y, de la interacción de estos factores en los sujetos que juzgan. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer cómo la Teoría Funcional de la Cognición permite hacer un análisis detallado del proceso cognitivo de toma de decisión, en el que operan: la valoración de los estímulos, la integración de la representación psicológica de esos estímulos y finalmente, la respuesta explícita. Este proceso de juicio cumple con tres reglas: adición, multiplicación y promedio, que permiten observar las funciones que se generan entre los factores implicados en las decisiones y la emisión de un juicio. Esta teoría tiene importantes aplicaciones en las áreas de la psicología clínica y de salud, la psicología política, la psicología del deporte y la psicología del desarrollo, áreas en las cuáles el artículo presenta los hallazgos más relevantes.

AbstractThis study mapped the different personal positions of Colombian adults regarding the determinants of the acceptability of political amnesties in post‐conflict contexts. A total of 380 Colombian adults between the ages of 18 and 80, living either in the capital or in rural areas (Cundinamarca and Chocó), were presented with 24 scenarios describing the situation of an amnesty applicant. They were composed according to a four‐factor schema: the personal willingness to be part of the rebel group at the time of recruitment, the quality of information the applicant was willing to disclose, the presence of an apology, and the level of punishment already suffered. Through cluster analysis, five qualitatively different positions were found: Never acceptable (20%), Almost always acceptable (13%), Depends jointly on the quality of information and repentance (45%), Depends on repentance and volunteering (8%), and Depends only on the quality of information (2%). The remaining participants (12%) did not express a position. For a majority of participants, whether they live in the capital or in rural areas, granting a political amnesty to a combatant is not unacceptable as a matter of principle. For those who believe that amnesty is possible, it must be deserved: the recipient must demonstrate that he or she no longer represents a potential danger to neighbors or future co‐workers. This implies that amnesties are granted on a case‐by‐case basis, after examination of each particular situation.

This study assessed reconciliation sentiment among former members of Colombian paramilitary and guerilla groups. A total of 103 participants who were detained in rehabilitation centers were presented with an augmented version of the Reconciliation Sentiment Questionnaire. Overall, participants considered that they had achieved some measure of reconciliation with the people they harmed. Most viewed themselves as able to control their nervousness and impulses in situations in which victims were physically present or victims were simply evoked, and most felt sure, to a reasonable extent, that victims did not intend to seek vengeance. Nevertheless, a minority—mostly former members of the guerillas and detainees who did not attend rehabilitation programs—was not sure that acts of vengeance would not be attempted. A majority of participants was, to some extent, willing to trust and cooperate with former victims and probably the society at large. Only two, however, were totally convinced that it would be possible to do so.

AbstractThis study mapped the diverse personal positions of the Wayuu indigenous community in Colombia regarding the acceptability of political amnesties in a post‐conflict context. The sample was composed of 130 indigenous adults between 18 and 74 years of age residing in the Guajira region, who were shown 12 amnesty‐related scenarios. These scenarios were composed according to a three‐factor design: (a) the level of detail that the amnesty applicant (former combatant of some illegal armed group in Colombia) was willing to disclose, (b) whether or not the applicant asked for forgiveness, and (c) the severity of the punishment endured by the amnesty applicant (A cluster analysis yielded three qualitatively different positions: never acceptable (18%), almost always acceptable (9%) and depends jointly on the quality of the information and remorse (73%). For the vast majority of Wayuu community members, a political amnesty for a former combatant of a Colombian armed group is not acceptable. For those who have accepted it, amnesty is only possible if the applicant proves that he or she is not causing harm to third parties. And it would also be conditioned to the particular situation of each case. A collective amnesty process has no chance of being considered acceptable.

This article explores processes that are significantly interconnected from a psychosocial perspective: forgiveness, justice, reconciliation, and peace. It encompasses part of the findings from the research project "Psychosocial Barriers to Peacebuilding and Reconciliation in Colombia," conducted during 2019 and the first half of 2020. The study was intended to understand beliefs about forgiveness, justice, and reconciliation among 256 individuals from 9 cities in Colombia. A qualitative design and a phenomenological-hermeneutic method were used, employing semi-structured and in-depth interviews. An intratextual and intertextual content analysis and theoretical coding at two levels (descriptive and hermeneutic) were performed, leading to the emergence of five categories: 1) conditional forgiveness and retributive justice; 2) neither forgiveness nor forgetting: death penalty and punitive retaliation: 3) compensatory forgiveness and transitional justice; 4) delegitimization of transitional justice: the offended; and 5) opportunities for reconciliation. The main results reveal that a retributive perspective of justice prevails among the participants, limiting the possibilities of forgiveness and reconciliation within the framework of the peace agreement between the Colombian State and the FARC-EP guerrilla. A significant but smaller group of interviewees find paths to forgiveness through the transitional justice mechanisms established by the agreement. The discussion revolves around how the prospect of creating spaces for peace and reconciliation appears to hinge on the potential to humanize the aggressor, particularly the low-ranking ex-combatant (a point of convergence in perspectives), presenting an opportunity for leveraging psychosocial interventions.