Suchergebnisse

This book deals with two areas: Global Commons and Security: inextricably melted together and more relevant than ever in a world which is ever globalized and… with an incognita looming on the horizon: the effects of the Coronavirus pandemic upon the International Relations and globalization. Global Commons have always been relevant. It was Mahan who argued that the first and most obvious light in which the sea presents itself from the political and social point of view, is that of a great highway; or better, perhaps, of a wide common… Nowadays, this view has been further developed and, in addition to the unique legal implications that the Global Commons introduce, they are viewed, more and more intently, as a common pool of resources. Or perhaps, not that common… Resources, the key word! Which has to be always supplemented by two key words: access and security. And still, another one: data, the cyberspace contribution to the equation.

Universities play a unique role in ecosystems of innovation. They interact with the other agents of the Triple Helix model, developing their functions in relation to each other and together with industry and government. Grounded in key conceptual frameworks—Triple Helix, Regional Innovation Systems and Entrepreneurial University—we analyze how the leading universities in Silicon Valley (UC Berkeley, Stanford and UC San Francisco) have evolved, adapting to new demands and, in turn, shaping the evolution of Silicon Valley. To do so we use quantitative and qualitative data and examine the changes occurring between 2007 and 2018. A close examination of the data from this period reveals an increased attention to entrepreneurship education and an intensified activity of technology transfer offices. Equally relevant are the increased interactions between universities and investors (business angels, Venture Capital funds and corporate investors), and the improvement of specific infrastructures to incubate and accelerate business ideas.

Abstract
The evaluation of the companies' performance at University Science Parks (SPs) becomes essential in identifying the needs of the companies and the feasibility of the University-Business Collaboration (UBC). The companies' real needs are also of interest for universities and SPs, since they face the challenge of designing strategies that best help them to transfer knowledge more effectively. This research article focuses on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in UBC, needs and business objectives of companies co-located at SPs in Spain and Mexico. This article (i) aims to identify the KPIs in UBC used by co-located companies at SPs, and (ii) explore the KPIs in UBC and critical success factors of SPs. This article focuses on the perspective of companies, with a secondary focus on the perspectives of SPs and universities. For this study, data was collected through online company surveys in Spain and Mexico. Moreover, the empirical analysis uses fourteen semi-structured interviews addressed to SPs directors to explore KPIs in UBC and success factors of SPs in both countries. In addition, two frameworks were developed with the main KPIs in UBC, taking into account university and company perspectives. They show the objectives, strategies and long-term KPIs as well as progress KPIs, and they are a useful guide to evaluate the accomplishments and the alignment of goals in UBC.

The first part of the twenty-first century has witnessed a rebirth of "the City" as an engine of innovation. This renaissance has been an organic response to technological and societal pressures, opportunities, and norms. This is a sharp reversal from the latter half of the twentieth century, which saw the decay and erosion of the City as a place of economic value creation. In spite of the best efforts of governments and city planners, suburbanization, first of residences, and then industry, led to a hollowing out than in some areas decimated urban life. What lessons can we learn from the emergent reversal of this trend? We explore in depth the examples of San Francisco, Austin (Texas), and London to discover lessons that may be broadly adopted.

Abstract
This paper is an in memoriam tribute to the distinguished scholar Loet Leydesdorff written by some of his academic collaborators, including the editors of the Triple Helix journal and representatives of the Triple Helix Association. The paper revisits Loet Leydesdorff's seminal contributions and legacy in innovation studies, particularly his work on the Triple Helix model and the measurement of Triple Helix synergies. Additionally, we highlight that Loet was not only a prolific author and outstanding scholar but also a humble person who played a crucial role in the community formed around Triple Helix ideas. The paper also serves as the editorial for the special issue of Triple Helix journal, titled "Legacy of Leydesdorff and the Triple Helix".

Highlights Cantabrian capercaillie population has recently been classified as "Critically Endangered" by Spanish Government. To develop management plans, information on demographic parameters are necessary to understand population dynamics. In 2019 we estimated the size of population at 191 individuals. Since the 1970s, we estimated a shrinkage of the population range by 83%. Apparent annual survival was estimated at 0.707 and per-capita recruitment at 0.233. Abstract The capercaillie Tetrao urogallus - the world's largest grouse - is a circumboreal forest species, which only two remaining populations in Spain: one in the Cantabrian mountains in the west and the other in the Pyrenees further east. Both have shown severe declines, especially in the Cantabrian population, which has recently been classified as "Critically Endangered". To develop management plans, information on demographic parameters is necessary to understand and forecast population dynamics. We used spatial capture-recapture (SCR) modeling and non-invasive DNA samples to estimate the current population size in the whole Cantabrian mountain range. In addition, for the assessment of population status, we analyzed the population trajectory over the last 42 years (1978–2019) at 196 leks on the Southern slope of the range, using an integrated population model with a Dail-Madsen model at its core, combined with a multistate capture-recapture model for survival and a Poisson regression for productivity. For 2019, we estimate the size of the entire population at 191 individuals (95% BCI 165–222) for an estimated 60 (48–78) females and 131 (109–157) males. Since the 1970s, our study estimates a shrinkage of the population range by 83%. The population at the studied leks in 2019 was at about 10% of the size estimated for 1978. Apparent annual survival was estimated at 0.707 (0.677–0.735), and per-capita recruitment at 0.233 (0.207–0.262), and insufficient to maintain a stable population. We suggest work to improve the recruitment (and survival) and manage ...