Suchergebnisse

This article seeks to analyse the political and diplomatic effects of the outbreak of the First World War on the Iberian Peninsula, considering the relationship between Portugal and Spain in the context of the (dis)equilibria of power caused by the Sarajevo assassination in the summer of 1914, and the debates between neutrality and belligerency that occurred in both countries. Neutral and non-belligerent societies had to legitimate themselves within total war; they had also to reflect on the role played by their respective nations and build an Iberian narrative to sustain it. In this matter, Spanish neutrality and Portuguese non-belligerency, until 1916, should always be analysed as specific foreign policies and within the framework of the public debate 'decadence vs regeneration', present in both countries since the last decade of the nineteenth century.

SFRH/BPD/111782/2015 UID/HIS/04209/2013 ; The Great War witnessed the most important military operation carried out by Portuguese troops outside the country's borders during the first half of the twentieth Century. Portugal was the only country involved in the conflict which, between 1914 and 1916, was able to preserve a position of undeclared neutrality in Europe and, simultaneously, wage war against Germany in Africa. The defense of the Portuguese colonial empire's integrity has often been signaled by historians as one of the factors which justified the declaration of war against Germany in March 1916 and Portugal's participation in the European theatre of operations alongside its ally, Great Britain, from early 1917 onwards. This article seeks to analyze the way in which the Great War was considered by the colonies, especially Mozambique, by discussing the Portuguese military intervention and the way it was understood and witnessed by civilian and military figures alike. ; publishersversion ; published

In this communication we intend to present and cliscuss preliminar)' results frorn a work developed within a post-doc research entitled "Higher Education and Life long Learning: Recognition of prior learning and educational change". This research work is being developed fram a theoretical framework and from appraaches to Education/training of adults. Since the problem of recognition of prior experientiallearning is very recent in the context of Higher Education in Portugal, we try to identify the emerging practices and reflect on the tendencies and the rationale of these processes. At a first stage of the empirical work we performed an exploratory study - a questionnaire presented to the Portuguese public universities followed by a bibliographical analysis of political and legal documents. At a second stage of the research we interviewed postgraduate degree coorclinators (masters) and from the analysis it seems possible to identify clifferent rationales for the valorisation of prior learning in the context of higher education. Considering that it is a complex phenomenon, we try to inter-crass these clifferent levels of analysis in order to contribute to a more profound understanding of the recognition and validation processes of experiential prior learning in Portuguese Higher Education institutions. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Introduction: The São Francisco River Basin Committee (CBHSF) was set up by presidential decree in 2001 with the aim of achieving decentralized and participatory management of its water. The São Francisco River flows overland for 2700 km from its source in the Serra da Canastra (MG) to its mouth between Sergipe (SE) and Alagoas (AL). The river passes through the states of Bahia (BA), Pernambuco (PE), Goiás (GO) and the Federal District (DF). Central to the discussion in this research on the transposition of the São Francisco River is question of conflict concerning water management in the São Francisco River Basin Committee, making a nonsense of its power to function, contrary to the project, and the Federal Government which initiated the work and approved the budget. Hence, this study aims to analyze water management in the São Francisco river basin from the initiation of the CBHSF in order to understand how approval of the project and implementation of the work ran against the statutory representation of the committee. Methodology and Development: Having a qualitative approach, the study will be divided between theoretical research based on authors who study the topic of water and its transformation into a water resource and the major landowners of the north-east semi-arid zone in the context of transposition; the dynamics and politics of the river basin; as well as the role of the river basin committees in the process of decentralizing Brazilian water management, specifically concerning the São Francisco River and its state and interstate committees. Documentary research will take into account National Water Resources Law 9.433/1997; state water policies; documentary archives of the river basin committees (state and interstate), as well as the agencies participating in the integration project, such as the National Water Agency (ANA), the Integration Ministry (MI), and the Environment Ministry (MMA). Further data will be obtained using the transcripts of semi-structured interviews with presidents of the river basin committees as well as visiting transposition works and attending CBHSF meetings. Final thoughts: The transposition of the São Francisco River demonstrates how the legacy of Brazilian governmental centralization policies holds back the participatory process of the river basin committees, encroaching on their legal and institutional positions as regards water in the north-east semi-arid zone amid the persistence of drought.

The Heart of Redness comprises two narrative strands: one which is set only four years after the first democratic elections in South Africa, and a historical narrative that recovers the 1856-57 "Cattle Killing Movement" and discloses the early encounters between the Xhosa and the British colonizers. Retrieving the past episode originated by Nongqawuse and aligning it with the contemporary discussion surrounding issues of economic and social development raised by the proposal of a tourism project for the village of Qolorha, Mda successfully articulates the complex elements that have marked past and present South African culture and society. In Mda's novel, the village of Qolorha and the character of Nongqawuse are released from their negative association with one of the most dramatic episodes in the history of the Xhosa and transformed into a tourist attraction that has the potential to contribute to the sustainable development of the local population. The rescue of Qolorha from the threat of massified tourism and the recovery of Nongqawuse as a meaningful character for the history of the Xhosa, enacted by Mda in this novel, emphasize the importance of alternative development models, as well as the relevance of revising biased historical narratives that often served manipulative objectives.