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Il concetto di resilienza risulta fondamentale per la tematica dei rischi naturali. Compito di un urbanista è quello di analizzare il territorio, costituito da diversi sistemi funzionali (es sanitario). In una città esistono elementi strategici che non devono perdere funzionalità durante o a seguito di un evento naturale; attraverso la definizione di scenari si potrebbero mettere in sicurezza quegli esposti capaci di non far collassare il sistema territorio.Nel paper si riporta una esperienza rivolta al sistema ospedale che, nel caso di un evento naturale, molto spesso risulta sia bisognoso sia erogatore di soccorso e la sua funzionalità deve essere garantita nel continuum. A riguardo si segnalano iniziative della Protezione Civile Italiana; in particolare la redazione di Piani di emergenza ospedaliera, che coprono problematiche quali incendio, inondazioni,.La metodologia riportata ha consentito la definizione di simulazioni di rischio per il sistema ospedale a servizio di relativi piani di emergenza. Approfondimento specifico è stato rivolto all'esposizione, determinata al variare delle ore di una giornata. Negli scenari è stato introdotto il parametro tempo.Necessario sarebbe che i nuovi "Piani di pianificazione ed emergenza ospedaliera" facessero parte integrante di Piani di protezione civile comunali, a loro volta allegati a Piani urbanistici comunali al fine di diventare strumenti operativi di quelle strategie e politiche necessarie ad accrescere la resilienza urbana.

Il concetto di resilienza risulta fondamentale per la tematica dei rischi naturali. Compito di un urbanista è quello di analizzare il territorio, costituito da diversi sistemi funzionali (es sanitario). In una città esistono elementi strategici che non devono perdere funzionalità durante o a seguito di un evento naturale; attraverso la definizione di scenari si potrebbero mettere in sicurezza quegli esposti capaci di non far collassare il sistema territorio.Nel paper si riporta una esperienza rivolta al sistema ospedale che, nel caso di un evento naturale, molto spesso risulta sia bisognoso sia erogatore di soccorso e la sua funzionalità deve essere garantita nel continuum. A riguardo si segnalano iniziative della Protezione Civile Italiana; in particolare la redazione di Piani di emergenza ospedaliera, che coprono problematiche quali incendio, inondazioni,.La metodologia riportata ha consentito la definizione di simulazioni di rischio per il sistema ospedale a servizio di relativi piani di emergenza. Approfondimento specifico è stato rivolto all'esposizione, determinata al variare delle ore di una giornata. Negli scenari è stato introdotto il parametro tempo.Necessario sarebbe che i nuovi "Piani di pianificazione ed emergenza ospedaliera" facessero parte integrante di Piani di protezione civile comunali, a loro volta allegati a Piani urbanistici comunali al fine di diventare strumenti operativi di quelle strategie e politiche necessarie ad accrescere la resilienza urbana. ; The concept of resilience is critical when addressing the issue of natural hazards. The role of an urban planner is to analyze the territorial system, consisting of several functional sub-systems (housing, education, health, etc.) and its vulnerability. In order to have a specific knowledge of the territory in question, before the occurrence of a disaster it would be necessary, for each functional system, analyze various aspects and define risk simulations. In a city, in fact, there are strategic elements that should not lose functionality during or following a natural event; the definition of specific scenarios could put structures exposed to risk on safety in order not to compromise the system. In this paper I report a specific experience of research carried out within the hospital system that, in case of occurrence of a natural event, is often simultaneously exposed, and therefore need of rescue, and it is a dispenser of rescue. It's considered strategic because it has to ensure the functionality of its service regardless of the occurrence of external events, such as natural ones; its functionality must be ensured in the continuum. In today is not very thorough the scientific literature about the analysis of the hospital system in respect of such events. Given the importance of the theme there are several initiatives, also promoted by The Italian Civil Protection, in particular the drafting of hospital emergency plans, which cover issues such as fire, road accidents, floods, . Interesting was the collaboration between the Italian Civil Protection Department with Applied Technology Council for the planning of a background paper intended for the preparation of earthquake emergency plans, within which there are also aspects of prevention such as the evaluation of seismic vulnerability of hospitals themselves. The described methodology has allowed the definition of risk simulations for the hospital system, starting from the determination of qualitative and quantitative indices of hazard, vulnerability and exposure in support of plan emergency hospital. Specific focus was directed to the exposure, determined dynamically, going to know how the situation changes in the hospital complex, depending on the passing of hours a day. In these scenarios we introduced the parameter "time", concept of the time policies (actions for the quality of the urban conditions of life of its citizens, acting on the aspects of urban functions and times of their coordination). Case study is the town of Cuneo and the considered event is the earthquake. The new "Planning and emergency hospital Plans" could well be a step forward for the safety of the territory. These could be an integral part of the town civil protection plans (not only dedicated to the emergency but also to forecast), in turn attached to urban plans in order to become operational tools of strategies and policies needed to increase urban resilience.

Il concetto di resilienza risulta fondamentale per la tematica dei rischi naturali. Compito di un urbanista è quello di analizzare il territorio, costituito da diversi sistemi funzionali (es sanitario). In una città esistono elementi strategici che non devono perdere funzionalità durante o a seguito di un evento naturale; attraverso la definizione di scenari si potrebbero mettere in sicurezza quegli esposti capaci di non far collassare il sistema territorio.Nel paper si riporta una esperienza rivolta al sistema ospedale che, nel caso di un evento naturale, molto spesso risulta sia bisognoso sia erogatore di soccorso e la sua funzionalità deve essere garantita nel continuum. A riguardo si segnalano iniziative della Protezione Civile Italiana; in particolare la redazione di Piani di emergenza ospedaliera, che coprono problematiche quali incendio, inondazioni,.La metodologia riportata ha consentito la definizione di simulazioni di rischio per il sistema ospedale a servizio di relativi piani di emergenza. Approfondimento specifico è stato rivolto all'esposizione, determinata al variare delle ore di una giornata. Negli scenari è stato introdotto il parametro tempo.Necessario sarebbe che i nuovi "Piani di pianificazione ed emergenza ospedaliera" facessero parte integrante di Piani di protezione civile comunali, a loro volta allegati a Piani urbanistici comunali al fine di diventare strumenti operativi di quelle strategie e politiche necessarie ad accrescere la resilienza urbana. ; The concept of resilience is critical when addressing the issue of natural hazards. The role of an urban planner is to analyze the territorial system, consisting of several functional sub-systems (housing, education, health, etc.) and its vulnerability. In order to have a specific knowledge of the territory in question, before the occurrence of a disaster it would be necessary, for each functional system, analyze various aspects and define risk simulations. In a city, in fact, there are strategic elements that should not lose functionality during or following a natural event; the definition of specific scenarios could put structures exposed to risk on safety in order not to compromise the system. In this paper I report a specific experience of research carried out within the hospital system that, in case of occurrence of a natural event, is often simultaneously exposed, and therefore need of rescue, and it is a dispenser of rescue. It's considered strategic because it has to ensure the functionality of its service regardless of the occurrence of external events, such as natural ones; its functionality must be ensured in the continuum. In today is not very thorough the scientific literature about the analysis of the hospital system in respect of such events. Given the importance of the theme there are several initiatives, also promoted by The Italian Civil Protection, in particular the drafting of hospital emergency plans, which cover issues such as fire, road accidents, floods, . Interesting was the collaboration between the Italian Civil Protection Department with Applied Technology Council for the planning of a background paper intended for the preparation of earthquake emergency plans, within which there are also aspects of prevention such as the evaluation of seismic vulnerability of hospitals themselves. The described methodology has allowed the definition of risk simulations for the hospital system, starting from the determination of qualitative and quantitative indices of hazard, vulnerability and exposure in support of plan emergency hospital. Specific focus was directed to the exposure, determined dynamically, going to know how the situation changes in the hospital complex, depending on the passing of hours a day. In these scenarios we introduced the parameter "time", concept of the time policies (actions for the quality of the urban conditions of life of its citizens, acting on the aspects of urban functions and times of their coordination). Case study is the town of Cuneo and the considered event is the earthquake. The new "Planning and emergency hospital Plans" could well be a step forward for the safety of the territory. These could be an integral part of the town civil protection plans (not only dedicated to the emergency but also to forecast), in turn attached to urban plans in order to become operational tools of strategies and policies needed to increase urban resilience.

Municipal Solid Waste is one of the biggest challenges that cities are facing: MSW is considered of the main sources of energy consumption, urban degradation and pollution. This paper defines the major negative effects of MSW on cities and proposes new solutions to guide waste policies. Most contemporary waste management efforts are focused at regional government level and based on high tech waste disposal by methods such as landfill and incineration. However, these methods are becoming increasingly expensive, energy inefficient and pollutant: waste disposal is not sustainable and will have negative implications for future generations. In this paper are proposed all the principle solutions that could be undertaken. New policy instruments are presented updating and adapting policies and encouraging innovation for less wasteful systems. Waste management plans are fundamental to increase the ability of urban areas to effectively adapt to waste challenges. These plans have to give an outline of waste streams and treatment options and provide a scenario for the following years that significantly reduce landfills and incinerators in favor of prevention, reuse and recycling. The key aim of an urban waste management plan is to set out the work towards a zero waste economy as part of the transition to a sustainable economy. Other questions remain still opened: How to change people's behavior? What is the role of environmental education and risk perception? It is sure that the involvement of the various stakeholders and the wider public in the planning process should aim at ensuring acceptance of the waste policy. ; The main source of expenditure for local Authorities in the last 20 years is related to waste management.Waste, or rubbish, trash, junk, garbage, depending on the type of material or the regional terminology, is an unwanted or undesired material or substance. Most contemporary waste management efforts are focused at local government level and based on high tech / high energy waste disposal by methods such as landfill and incineration. However these methods are becoming increasingly expensive, energy inefficient and pollutant. In other words waste disposal is not sustainable and will have negative implications for future generations.Clearly, more appropriate and sustainable approaches to waste need to be adopted. To be sustainable we need to move the emphasis toward a system that is local, community based, makes use of low tech / low energy systems and is focused on waste minimization. Moreover waste processing and waste recycling play an important role in improving production processes and in dealing with 'waste' in a manner that is more environmentally and economically beneficial.Clear government policies and competent bureaucracies for management of solid wastes are needed urgently especially in countries where there is rapid population growth through urbanization into peri-urban areas.In this paper is present a local waste management plan that could help municipalities to get their cities more sustainable and livable.

Municipal Solid Waste is one of the biggest challenges that cities are facing: MSW is considered of the main sources of energy consumption, urban degradation and pollution. This paper defines the major negative effects of MSW on cities and proposes new solutions to guide waste policies. Most contemporary waste management efforts are focused at regional government level and based on high tech waste disposal by methods such as landfill and incineration. However, these methods are becoming increasingly expensive, energy inefficient and pollutant: waste disposal is not sustainable and will have negative implications for future generations. In this paper are proposed all the principle solutions that could be undertaken. New policy instruments are presented updating and adapting policies and encouraging innovation for less wasteful systems. Waste management plans are fundamental to increase the ability of urban areas effectively to adapt to waste challenges. These plans have to give an outline of waste streams and treatment options and provide a scenario for the following years that significantly reduce landfills and incinerators in favor of prevention, reuse and recycling. The key aim of an urban waste management plan is to set out the work towards a zero waste economy as part of the transition to a sustainable economy. Other questions remain still opened: How to change people's behavior? What is the role of environmental education and risk perception? It is sure that the involvement of the various stakeholders and the wider public in the planning process should aim at ensuring acceptance of the waste policy.

Municipal Solid Waste is one of the biggest challenges that cities are facing: MSW is considered of the main sources of energy consumption, urban degradation and pollution. This paper defines the major negative effects of MSW on cities and proposes new solutions to guide waste policies. Most contemporary waste management efforts are focused at regional government level and based on high tech waste disposal by methods such as landfill and incineration. However, these methods are becoming increasingly expensive, energy inefficient and pollutant: waste disposal is not sustainable and will have negative implications for future generations. In this paper are proposed all the principle solutions that could be undertaken. New policy instruments are presented updating and adapting policies and encouraging innovation for less wasteful systems. Waste management plans are fundamental to increase the ability of urban areas to effectively adapt to waste challenges. These plans have to give an outline of waste streams and treatment options and provide a scenario for the following years that significantly reduce landfills and incinerators in favor of prevention, reuse and recycling. The key aim of an urban waste management plan is to set out the work towards a zero waste economy as part of the transition to a sustainable economy. Other questions remain still opened: How to change people's behavior? What is the role of environmental education and risk perception? It is sure that the involvement of the various stakeholders and the wider public in the planning process should aim at ensuring acceptance of the waste policy. ; The main source of expenditure for local Authorities in the last 20 years is related to waste management.Waste, or rubbish, trash, junk, garbage, depending on the type of material or the regional terminology, is an unwanted or undesired material or substance. Most contemporary waste management efforts are focused at local government level and based on high tech / high energy waste disposal by methods such as landfill and incineration. However these methods are becoming increasingly expensive, energy inefficient and pollutant. In other words waste disposal is not sustainable and will have negative implications for future generations.Clearly, more appropriate and sustainable approaches to waste need to be adopted. To be sustainable we need to move the emphasis toward a system that is local, community based, makes use of low tech / low energy systems and is focused on waste minimization. Moreover waste processing and waste recycling play an important role in improving production processes and in dealing with 'waste' in a manner that is more environmentally and economically beneficial.Clear government policies and competent bureaucracies for management of solid wastes are needed urgently especially in countries where there is rapid population growth through urbanization into peri-urban areas.In this paper is present a local waste management plan that could help municipalities to get their cities more sustainable and livable.

One of the main problems that affects modern cities is connected to transport/mobility. Urban transport is currently based on car use; the transition to the use of more sustainable means of transport is happening slowly. Bicycles used as main way of transport, combined with walking, it's a successful solution for many towns to really bring traffic and congestion down. For their high density and their short time travels, towns are the best places (in comparison to long time travels as merchandise transport) to reduce the green houses gasses emitted promoting walking, cycling and public transport. For this reason the European Union is directly founding different projects that boost urban cycling. Many examples presented in this paper where collected by an European project. This project sectioned best practices and excellences in cycling as the so called cycle cities: Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Seville,…cities that have recognized the importance of cycling as a solution to traffic congestion. But how is it possible to transfer these experiences to others realities?The scope of this article is to show the sustainability of cycling according to socio-economic (social and economic sustainability) and environmental terms (environmental sustainability).For this reason is proposed a CBA (Cost and Benefits Analysis) methodology specific to evidence the advantages of investments in cycling made by public authorities or private companies both, to promote and realize ecological infrastructures.One of the main problems that affects modern cities is connected to transport/mobility. Urban transport is currently based on car use; the transition to the use of more sustainable means of transport is happening slowly. Bicycles used as main way of transport, combined with walking, it's a successful solution for many towns to really bring traffic and congestion down. For their high density and their short time travels, towns are the best places (in comparison to long time travels as merchandise transport) to reduce the green houses gasses emitted promoting walking, cycling and public transport. For this reason the European Union is directly founding different projects that boost urban cycling. Many examples presented in this paper where collected by an European project. This project sectioned best practices and excellences in cycling as the so called cycle cities: Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Seville,…cities that have recognized the importance of cycling as a solution to traffic congestion. But how is it possible to transfer these experiences to others realities?The scope of this article is to show the sustainability of cycling according to socio-economic (social and economic sustainability) and environmental terms (environmental sustainability).For this reason is proposed a CBA (Cost and Benefits Analysis) methodology specific to evidence the advantages of investments in cycling made by public authorities or private companies both, to promote and realize ecological infrastructures. ; Uno dei maggiori problemi delle città attuali è legato alla mobilità/trasporti. La mobilità urbana si basa ancora in oggi in grandissima parte sull'uso dell' automobile e il passaggio verso modi di trasporto più sostenibili sta avvenendo con grande lentezza. L'uso delle biciclette in città come mezzo di locomozione preferenziale, insieme alla pedonalità, si è dimostrato in molti centri urbani una carta vincente per abbattere fortemente congestione e traffico veicolare a motore. Data la grande densità di popolazione e la quota elevata di spostamenti di breve distanza, le città presentano maggiori possibilità di ridurre emissioni nocive in atmosfera, rispetto al sistema dei trasporti su lunga percorrenza, potenziando gli spostamenti a piedi, in bicicletta e con i mezzi pubblici.In quest'ottica sempre più progetti che mirano alla ciclabilità delle città sono stati direttamente finanziati dall'Unione Europea. Molti degli esempi presentati nel paper sono stati raccolti proprio grazie ad un progetto europeo che ha selezionato buone pratiche ed eccellenze di "cyclecities", tra cui si ricordano Amsterdam, Copenaghen, Londra, Siviglia, città che hanno visto nella ciclabilità una soluzione alla congestione stradale. Ma come è possibile trasferire queste esperienze europee in Italia?Finalità dell'articolo è dimostrare la sostenibilità del cycling, sia in termini socio-economici (sostenibilità socio-economica) che ambientali (sostenibilità ambientale).A riguardo sarà proposta una metodologia CBA (Cost and Benefit Analysis) specifica atta a evidenziare i vantaggi che derivano da investimenti congiunti di soggetti pubblici e privati nel promuovere e realizzare infrastrutture ecologiche.

One of the main problems that affects modern cities is connected to transport/mobility. Urban transport is currently based on car use; the transition to the use of more sustainable means of transport is happening slowly. Bicycles used as main way of transport, combined with walking, it's a successful solution for many towns to really bring traffic and congestion down. For their high density and their short time travels, towns are the best places (in comparison to long time travels as merchandise transport) to reduce the green houses gasses emitted promoting walking, cycling and public transport. For this reason the European Union is directly founding different projects that boost urban cycling. Many examples presented in this paper where collected by an European project. This project sectioned best practices and excellences in cycling as the so called cycle cities: Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Seville,…cities that have recognized the importance of cycling as a solution to traffic congestion. But how is it possible to transfer these experiences to others realities?The scope of this article is to show the sustainability of cycling according to socio-economic (social and economic sustainability) and environmental terms (environmental sustainability).For this reason is proposed a CBA (Cost and Benefits Analysis) methodology specific to evidence the advantages of investments in cycling made by public authorities or private companies both, to promote and realize ecological infrastructures.One of the main problems that affects modern cities is connected to transport/mobility. Urban transport is currently based on car use; the transition to the use of more sustainable means of transport is happening slowly. Bicycles used as main way of transport, combined with walking, it's a successful solution for many towns to really bring traffic and congestion down. For their high density and their short time travels, towns are the best places (in comparison to long time travels as merchandise transport) to reduce the green houses gasses emitted promoting walking, cycling and public transport. For this reason the European Union is directly founding different projects that boost urban cycling. Many examples presented in this paper where collected by an European project. This project sectioned best practices and excellences in cycling as the so called cycle cities: Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Seville,…cities that have recognized the importance of cycling as a solution to traffic congestion. But how is it possible to transfer these experiences to others realities?The scope of this article is to show the sustainability of cycling according to socio-economic (social and economic sustainability) and environmental terms (environmental sustainability).For this reason is proposed a CBA (Cost and Benefits Analysis) methodology specific to evidence the advantages of investments in cycling made by public authorities or private companies both, to promote and realize ecological infrastructures. ; Uno dei maggiori problemi delle città attuali è legato alla mobilità/trasporti. La mobilità urbana si basa ancora in oggi in grandissima parte sull'uso dell' automobile e il passaggio verso modi di trasporto più sostenibili sta avvenendo con grande lentezza. L'uso delle biciclette in città come mezzo di locomozione preferenziale, insieme alla pedonalità, si è dimostrato in molti centri urbani una carta vincente per abbattere fortemente congestione e traffico veicolare a motore. Data la grande densità di popolazione e la quota elevata di spostamenti di breve distanza, le città presentano maggiori possibilità di ridurre emissioni nocive in atmosfera, rispetto al sistema dei trasporti su lunga percorrenza, potenziando gli spostamenti a piedi, in bicicletta e con i mezzi pubblici.In quest'ottica sempre più progetti che mirano alla ciclabilità delle città sono stati direttamente finanziati dall'Unione Europea. Molti degli esempi presentati nel paper sono stati raccolti proprio grazie ad un progetto europeo che ha selezionato buone pratiche ed eccellenze di "cyclecities", tra cui si ricordano Amsterdam, Copenaghen, Londra, Siviglia, città che hanno visto nella ciclabilità una soluzione alla congestione stradale. Ma come è possibile trasferire queste esperienze europee in Italia?Finalità dell'articolo è dimostrare la sostenibilità del cycling, sia in termini socio-economici (sostenibilità socio-economica) che ambientali (sostenibilità ambientale).A riguardo sarà proposta una metodologia CBA (Cost and Benefit Analysis) specifica atta a evidenziare i vantaggi che derivano da investimenti congiunti di soggetti pubblici e privati nel promuovere e realizzare infrastrutture ecologiche.

This paper proposes and defines new metropolitan governance strategies for territorial cohesion between inland and urban areas. Different reflections are here presented to comprehend how is it possible to implement cities' ability to understand and manage metropolitan dynamics. In Europe, urbanisation and land abandonment is a widespread phenomenon compared to many other parts of the world. According to research carried out by the European Union it is estimated that four out of five European citizens will be living in urban areas abandoning villages and rural areas. Many European metropolitan areas are character-rized by overpopulated centres, degraded suburbs and different abandoned or almost abandoned inland areas. These areas, if well connected among them and to the main metropolitan centre, can contribute to solving many urban challenges. There is the necessity to image metropolitan areas as a single entity to increase the cohesion of lands. The latent capital of inland areas can be considered as driving factor behind territorial cohesion and development. This paper analyses in deep the case of the Italian Metropolitan Cities proposing a new governance approach to increase the capacity of urban systems to adapt to natural and man-made changes, considering the hinterland as a strong point rather than a disadvantage. Strategic and Spatial Plans drive the growth of metropolitan areas in a competitive space-economy and support sustainable development policy by ensuring a balance between urban areas with strong competitiveness and inland areas.

This paper proposes and defines new metropolitan governance strategies for territorial cohesion between inland and urban areas. Different reflections are here presented to comprehend how is it possible to implement cities' ability to understand and manage metropolitan dynamics. In Europe, urbanisation and land abandonment is a widespread phenomenon compared to many other parts of the world. According to research carried out by the European Union it is estimated that four out of five European citizens will be living in urban areas abandoning villages and rural areas. Many European metropolitan areas are character-rized by overpopulated centres, degraded suburbs and different abandoned or almost abandoned inland areas. These areas, if well connected among them and to the main metropolitan centre, can contribute to solving many urban challenges. There is the necessity to image metropolitan areas as a single entity to increase the cohesion of lands. The latent capital of inland areas can be considered as driving factor behind territorial cohesion and development. This paper analyses in deep the case of the Italian Metropolitan Cities proposing a new governance approach to increase the capacity of urban systems to adapt to natural and man-made changes, considering the hinterland as a strong point rather than a disadvantage. Strategic and Spatial Plans drive the growth of metropolitan areas in a competitive space-economy and support sustainable development policy by ensuring a balance between urban areas with strong competitiveness and inland areas.

This paper proposes and defines new metropolitan governance strategies for territorial cohesion between inland and urban areas. Different reflections are here presented to comprehend how is it possible to implement cities' ability to understand and manage metropolitan dynamics. In Europe, urbanisation and land abandonment is a widespread phenomenon compared to many other parts of the world. According to research carried out by the European Union it is estimated that four out of five European citizens will be living in urban areas abandoning villages and rural areas. Many European metropolitan areas are character-rized by overpopulated centres, degraded suburbs and different abandoned or almost abandoned inland areas. These areas, if well connected among them and to the main metropolitan centre, can contribute to solving many urban challenges. There is the necessity to image metropolitan areas as a single entity to increase the cohesion of lands. The latent capital of inland areas can be considered as driving factor behind territorial cohesion and development. This paper analyses in deep the case of the Italian Metropolitan Cities proposing a new governance approach to increase the capacity of urban systems to adapt to natural and man-made changes, considering the hinterland as a strong point rather than a disadvantage. Strategic and Spatial Plans drive the growth of metropolitan areas in a competitive space-economy and support sustainable development policy by ensuring a balance between urban areas with strong competitiveness and inland areas