Suchergebnisse

Artykuł analizuje przyczyny, obszary i formy zaangażowania sądu w relacje zbiorowe. Chociaż fundamentem rokowań zbiorowych jest autonomia partnerów, udział sądu jest niezbędny, aby chronić wolności i prawa podstawowe oraz zapewnić harmonijne funkcjonowanie dialogu społecznego. Ze względu na specyfikę relacji zbiorowych w Polsce zaangażowanie sądu jest znaczące. Istnieją jednak pewne obszary (na przykład rozwiązywanie sporów zbiorowych), w których brakuje odpowiednich procedur zbiorowych dostosowanych do specyfiki sporów powstających w tym zakresie.

Poland, which has one of the highest shares of self-employment and civil law contracts in total employment in the European Union, provides an instructive example of a labour law reform that extended the personal scope of collective bargaining. Since 1 January 2019, the right to collective bargaining has been extended to all workers in paid employment. The first effects of the reform have however been disappointing. Collective agreements concluded since the new law came into force hardly ever cover non-employees. These results are rooted both in social partners' attitudes and strategies and in the existing legal framework. Employers keen on reducing labour costs are reluctant to enter into collective bargaining with self-employed workers, while trade unions have not adopted a comprehensive strategy for representing non-employees. At the same time, the law scarcely fosters and encourages social dialogue; in some areas it can even be an obstacle to developing collective bargaining for workers.

Collective bargaining as an instrument for counteracting abuses in atypical employment

Workers working outside the employment relationship do not enjoy full statutory protection of their work. The law protects them only in selected areas (e.g. minimum hourly rate). Moreover, civil law contracts as a legal basis of employment, are often abused. Collective bargaining can play an important role in protecting workers. It can limit employment outside the employment relationship as well as guarantee certain working and pay conditions. For factual and legal reasons, the potential of collective bargaining is not used. In order to improve the situation, greater activity of social partners is needed, but also a reconstruction of the legal framework for the social dialogue.

The purpose of this article is to present the safeguard role of the labour law in the context of labour law disputes. Authors deliberate to what extent the procedural law impacts the substantive law. Particular attention was paid to new institutions of the Polish code of civil proceedings introduced by the law of 4 July 2019 and their influence on the procedural position of the parties of the employment relationship.

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena regulacji antykryzysowych z punktu widzenia poziomu zabezpieczenia interesów pracowników. Autorzy omawiają problematykę instrumentów wsparcia pracodawców, a także instrumentów rynku pracy w kontekście kryzysu pandemicznego i towarzyszących mu zwolnień. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono sytuacji pracowników administracji publicznej ze względu na specyfikę rozwiązań wprowadzonych w stosunku do tej grupy zawodowej. Podzielono się także refleksjami dotyczącymi zmiany praktyki relacji zbiorowych pracy oraz sposobu funkcjonowania stron stosunku pracy.

The aim of the paper is to present potential legal consequences of the reception of the future directive on adequate minimum wages in Poland as well as the social, economic and political context of this process. The adoption and implementation of the future directive would require changes in Polish law. First of all, the mechanism of setting the statutory minimum wage, especially the reference criteria, would have to be amended. The necessary amendments include also the establishment of an advisory body. Finally, the directive can be seen as an impulse to revive social dialogue, which is undergoing a deep crisis. Due to the complexity of the regulations, it is difficult to clearly assess whether any modifications will be needed as regards the protection of minimum wages. Although the directive could be a chance to improve working and living conditions in Poland, there is no enthusiasm about the draft. The government raises doubts about the EU's treaty competences to issue the directive and is also very sceptical about the need and possibility to increase the scale of collective bargaining in Poland. Not surprisingly, the approach of the social partners is varied: rather negative in the case of employers and more positive as far as trade unions are concerned. Nonetheless, it would be unrealistic to expect widespread support for the proposed solutions.

This open access book investigates the role of collective bargaining in the gig economy. Despite the variety of situations covered by the term 'gig economy', collective agreements for employees and non-employees are being concluded in various countries, either at company or at branch level. Offline workers such as riders, food deliverers, drivers or providers of cleaning services are slowly gaining access to the series of negotiated rights that, in the past, were only available to employees. Embedded in the EU legal framework, including the EU Commission's proposal for a Directive on improving working conditions in platform work and its Draft Guidelines on the application of EU competition law, both from December 2021, the chapters analyse recent high-profile decisions including Uber in France's Cour de Cassation, Glovo in the Tribunal Supremo, and Uber in the UK Supreme Court. They evaluate the bargaining agents in different Member States of the EU, to determine whether established actors are participating in the dynamics of the gig economy or if they are being substituted, totally or partially, by new agents. Interesting best practices are drawn from the comparison, also as regards the contents of collective bargaining, raising awareness in those countries that are being left behind in the dynamics of the gig economy ; The book collects the results of the COGENS (VS/2019/0084) research project, funded by the European Union, that gathered scholars and stakeholders from 17 countries. It will be an invaluable resource for scholars, trade unionists, employers' representatives and policy makers. This book pertains to the results of the project 'COGENS: Collective Bargaining and the Gig Economy – New Perspectives' (VS/2019/0084), financed by the European Union