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Struggles to control Nigeria's dwindling resources, and to gain or maintain power within the context of economic crisis, are taking place at local, state, regional and federal levels, within and outside formal political structures. The ideologies with which these struggles have been associated, and the struggles themselves, have particular implications for the effects upon women, mediated and mitigated, however, by class differences. This article describes the significance of women's economic activities in Katsina and, taking the example of the persecution of 'independent women', explores the conflicting ideologies which circumscribe women.

A series of policy initiatives have been put forward in Nigeria over the last two decades aimed at expanding its educational system. But while numbers enroled have increased, gender and class differentials persist. Females have always been represented in smaller numbers than have males and have tended to be disproportionately drawn from the more privileged elements of society. This has broadly accorded with ideologies justifying a primarily domestic role for women which, in the case of Katsina in northern Nigeria, have emanated both from the secular state and the religious authorities. Pittin examines the latest policy initiative, a directive that females at secondary level would be educated only in boarding schools. While suggesting that it is likely to perpetuate and even exacerbate the women's relatively disadvantaged position as regards education, she also argues that it offers certain benefits. Moreover, because promulgated as consistent with Islamic morality, precisely at a time when greater legitimacy is being accorded to women's education by elements of the Muslim community, and Islamic schools are themselves permitting some questioning of previously accepted notions of women's role, it may offer space for some improvement of women's situation.

Policies and practice relating to the availability of contraception, the accessibility of abortion and the custody of children are measures of the legal and political status of women in any given society. They bear directly on domination of women in the spheres of reproduction and control over the fruits of reproduction, children. Pittin explores how these matters reflect women's rights and opportunities in the case of Nigeria. She is particularly concerned with the manner in which the law impinges upon women, restricting choice and reaffirming an unquestioned subordination of married women to their husbands. She suggests that there is a need for both changes in the law and of policy.

Contraception, abortion, and the laws of child custody. Policies and practices as measures of the political and legal status of women.

This article discusses problems arising in the documentation and analysis of the work of secluded women. Focusing on the Muslim Hausa women of Katsina, it contends that past surveys and censuses have grossly underestimated these women's economic contribution to the Nigerian economy, and that this neglect is increasing. (DSE)

Anhand einer in der 'Electrical Meter Company' (Zaria) durchgeführten Fallstudie macht die Autorin deutlich, daß die Diskriminierungen, denen die Arbeiterinnen sehr stark auch von ihren männlichen Kollegen ausgesetzt sind, zur Herausbildung von Frauenbewußtsein, aber nicht von Klassenbewußtsein führen

Die sozialen wechselseitigen Beziehungen von Frauen in der nordnigerianischen Hausagesellschaft in der Stadt Katsina seit 1971 sind Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung. Die Möglichkeiten für Frauen (z.B. Bildungschancen) und die Ergreifung und Umsetzung dieser innerhalb der sozialen Werte und Grenzen der Hausa bilden den Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Studie. Das soziale Verhalten von Frauen wird sowohl vertikal in Bezug auf soziale Hierarchie als auch horizontal, besonders unter dem Aspekt der Ehe und Heirat sowie Frauenarbeit, analysiert. Dabei werden die traditionelle Rolle der Hausa-Frau als Muslimin im Verhältnis zu sozialen und politischen Aktivitäten und der soziale Wandel beschrieben. Das besondere Augenmerk gilt der sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Partizipation von Frauen, der Geschlechterrolle und ihrem sozialen Status. (DÜI-Gbd)

Auswahl von Konferenzbeiträgen zur Rolle der Frau in Nigeria, ihrer Bedeutung in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft und den Möglichkeiten ihrer Emanzipation vor dem Hintergrund ihrer traditionellen Rollen