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Cel. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie autorskiej definicji środowiska bezpieczeństwa. Jest ona redefinicją i rozszerzeniem wąskiego (czteroelementowego) ujęcia środowiska bezpieczeństwa, zawartego w Białej Księdze Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Autor proponuje ujęcie szerokie (ośmioelementowe). Metody. Do sformułowania redefinicji środowiska bezpieczeństwa doprowadziło autora przyjęcie pewnych założeń. Po pierwsze, przyjęto koncepcję istnienia trójkąta (potrzeby) bezpieczeństwa oraz założono, że istnienie tego trójkąta stanowi warunek konieczny i wystarczający do powstania potrzeby bezpieczeństwa. Po drugie, przyjęto też koncepcję istnienia rombu (kultury) bezpieczeństwa, który stanowi warunek konieczny i wystarczający dla zaistnienia zjawiska bezpieczeństwa, czyli zaspokojenia potrzeby bezpieczeństwa. Wyniki. Przyjęcie powyższych założeń doprowadziło autora do konkluzji, że wąskie ujęcie środowiska bezpieczeństwa należy ontycznie rozszerzyć, uwzględniając elementy wchodzące w skład trójkąta (potrzeby) bezpieczeństwa oraz rombu (kultury) bezpieczeństwa. W ten sposób powstała ośmioelementowa definicja środowiska bezpieczeństwa. Wnioski. Artykuł ukazuje istotny dla nauk o bezpieczeństwie problem, który dotyczy potrzeby rozszerzenia definicji środowiska bezpieczeństwa. Autor przedstawił i uzasadnił alternatywną do wąskiego ujęcia środowiska bezpieczeństwa propozycję, która bazuje na definicji wąskiej, przedstawionej w Białej Księdze Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.

Goal The goal of this article is to present the author's definition of security environment. It constitutes a redefinition and expansion of the narrow (four-element) approach presented in the White Book on National Security of the Republic of Poland. I propose a broad, eight-element approach.
Methods I redefine security environment based on several premises. The first is the concept of the triangle of (the need for) security – the existence of this triangle necessitates and is sufficient for the need for security to arise. The second premise is the existence of the rhombus of security (culture), which necessitates and is sufficient for security to manifest, i.e. for the need for security to be satisfied.
Results The above premises lead to the conclusion that the narrow approach to security environment should be ontically expanded to include elements comprising the triangle of the (need for) security and the security (culture) rhombus. This results in an eight-element definition of security environment.
Conclusions The article illustrates an important issue in the security sciences – the need to expand the definition of security environment. I present and justify an alternative to the narrow approach to security environment, which is based on the narrow definition presented in the White Book on National Security of the Republic of Poland.

Artykuł prezentuje propozycję interdyscyplinarnej platformy naukowej,
jako podstawy dla nauk o bezpieczeństwie. Zawierają się w niej nie tylko
militarne, ale głównie niemilitarne aspekty bezpieczeństwa. Nacisk został
położony na kulturę bezpieczeństwa, główną oś naukową czasopisma naukowego
"Kultura Bezpieczeństwa", wraz z koncepcją trzech filarów kultury
bezpieczeństwa: mentalno-duchowy, prawno-organizacyjny, materialny.

The article presents a proposal for multidisciplinary scientific platform,
as a basis for security studies. It includes not only the military but mostly
non-military aspects of security. An emphasis is put on security culture,
the main pivot of the "Security Culture" as a scientific journal, with the three
pillars of the security culture concept: mental and spiritual (individual dimension),
legal and organizational (social dimension), material.

The article presents a proposal for multidisciplinary scientific platform, as a basis for security
studies. It includes not only the military but mostly non-military aspects of security.
An emphasis is put on security culture, the main pivot of the "Security Dimensions"
as a scientific journal, with three pillars of the security culture concept: mental and spiritual
(individual dimension), legal and organizational (social dimension), material.

Статья представляет пропозицию интердисциплинарной научной
платформы как основы для наук о безопасности. В ней заключены
не только милитарные, но в основном немилитарные аспекты безо-
пасности. Акцент поставлен на культуре безопасности, главную на-
учную ось научного журнала «Культура безопасности», вместе с кон-
цепцией трёх колонн культуры безопасности: ментально-духовной,
организационно-правовой, материальной.

Both security sciences and security studies have traditionally mainly focused on the state as the most important security subject; however, as anthropology of security and the idea of human security assert, it is the security of a human individual that should be highlighted as well. The authors start from discussing the typologies of threat and security. This leads them to focusing on the idea of human security, a concept first proposed by researchers and then taken up by international organizations. The concept of human security, combined with anthropology of security, constitutes a scientific basis for the shift from the state-centric to the anthropocentric approach to security. The authors corroborate this stance by discussing a range of definitions of the concept of security, which focus on either more general or more specific aspects of security. They favour the more universal understanding of the concept and conclude that security, being the same type of anthropological social construct as other humane values such as beauty, happiness, love, etc., and a phenomenon relating to a great extent to the quality of human existence, should possess its universal essence.

The topic of the article is the relationship between security culture and anthropology of securi-ty. The authors recall the most important definitions of security culture and anthropology of security, both of which belong to the discipline of security sciences, and conclude that culture, including its special sphere called security culture, is a human creation that strongly affects people, so it would be difficult to explore it scientifically without anthropological knowledge and tools. The authors give an account of the development of security sciences research in Poland, and point out that its subdiscipline called security anthropology is not fully formed yet, its theoretical and methodological identity still being underway; however, it develops dynamically. In forming this new subdiscipline of security sciences, apart from applying mul-tidisciplinary research, it is also necessary to consider different types of anthropology, above all biological, cultural and philosophical anthropology. The authors signalize the potential di-rections of research within the field and conclude that a methodological framework of securi-ty anthropology should be worked out, in a form that is most important and legible at the cur-rent stage of the development of science.

Modern budo master Fumon Tanaka demonstrates that the spirit of the old samurai
Bushido code has survived to this day. Martial arts have become part of culture, and they
are perceived with the reverence befitting science. He also reminds us that the beauty
of being a warrior lies in the constant readiness to make the greatest of sacrifices. In
common parlance, however, there is no difference between how martial arts are taught to
students, how combat sports are taught to athletes and how police officers and soldiers
are taught close quarters combat, as well as there being no difference in results between
these types of training.

Within the framework of the Polish National Emergency and Fire System (NEFS), tasks are realized in the areas of rescuing life, health and property of the citizens, as well as environmental protection. The purpose of this article is to depict the rules of the functioning of this system, with a special emphasis on State Fire Service, which plays a significant role in NEFS, among others as an organizer thereof. First, the origin and tasks of NEFS are presented, and the areas of Polish public security are indicated of which particular bodies associated in NEFS take care; the organization and tasks of State Fire Service are also outlined. Then, the place of NEFS and State Fire Service in crisis management is indicated. The presentation of the above issues allows the author to conclude that State Fire Service plays a leading role in multiple rescue operations and is a vital component of the system of internal security, e.g. as a pillar of NEFS.

The aim of the article is to discuss the functioning of the crisis management system in Poland: to present the general principles of its operation, legal regulations and major threats related to it. For this purpose, the authors review the definitions of crisis situations and discuss the objectives and stages of crisis management. Then the general principles of the crisis management system in Poland and the most important legal regulations related to it are presented. The authors also discuss the main threats that may lead to a crisis, both natural, ecological (e.g. floods, fires, avalanches) and civilizational caused by human activity and technical failures (e.g. construction and transport disasters, criminal groups activity, cyberterrorism). This leads to the conclusion that regulations passed in Poland after the flood of the century in 1997 put crisis management system in our country on the high level. At the same time, newer and newer threats make it necessary to regularly update the legislation on crisis management so that ensuring of national security could be effective.