Suchergebnisse

In Mexico, school dropout has increased significantly in recent years. High school dropout is part of a national problem that requires immediate attention. There is a common simplistically thought that leaving school is due to a family, personal or unilateral decisions which depends on the financial situation of the student, or on the lack of individual capacity to learn. School dropout is a multifactorial phenomenon, which is affected by economic deficiencies, lack of support, as well as processes of psychological and biological change, as well as situations of risk, given the increasing violence and the deterioration of the social fabric in practically throughout the country. So, Mexico is a country of children and young people who must be in school, that is their only chance of transcending social context and economic mobility is education; here lies the importance of knowing what the dropout or dropout phenomenon is and how it is behaving, particularly in secondary education. It is concluded that a constant growth of students in the upper secondary level can be observed, which may be due to the inertial growth of demographic rates that automatically impact the student population. However, if a comparison is made between the number of students at the elementary level and the upper secondary level, a large decrease in students is observed, which, according to the percentages mentioned, is due to the lack of interest, aptitude or requirements for enter school. Currently, Mexican government is promoting various support programs for those cases in which students lack resources for their studies, in order to provide them with more opportunities to continue their studies. ; En México la deserción escolar ha aumentado significativamente en los últimos años. El abandono escolar en la escuela media superior es parte de una problemática nacional que requiere atención inmediata. Se piensa de forma simplista que dejar la escuela obedece a una decisión familiar, personal o unilateral; que depende de la situación económica del estudiante, o bien, de la falta de capacidad individual para aprender. La deserción escolar es un fenómeno multifactorial, en el que impactan las carencias económicas, la falta de apoyos, así como procesos de cambio psicológico y biológico, además de situaciones de riesgo, dada la creciente violencia y el deterioro del tejido social en prácticamente todo el territorio nacional. México es un país de niños y jóvenes que deben estar en la escuela, su única posibilidad de trascender su contexto social es la educación; de ahí, la importancia de conocer qué es y cómo se está comportando el fenómeno del abandono o deserción escolar, particularmente en la educación media superior. Se concluye que se puede observar un crecimiento constante de alumnos en el nivel medio superior, que puede deberse al crecimiento inercial de las tasas demográficas que impactan de forma automática a la población estudiantil. Sin embargo, si se hace una comparación entre la cantidad de alumnos en nivel primaria y en el nivel medio superior se observa un gran decrecimiento de alumnos que, de acuerdo con los porcentajes mencionados, se debe a la falta de interés, aptitud o requisitos para ingresar a la escuela. Actualmente el gobierno mexicano fomenta diversos programas de apoyo para aquellos casos en los que los alumnos carecen de recursos para sus estudios, con el fin de brindarles más oportunidades para continuar sus estudios.

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the progress of a little more than two decades of political decentralisation in Mexico, through so-called "educational federalism". The Agreement for the Modernisation of Basic Education in 1992 was a turning point in the history of education in Mexico, because it represented the first attempt at comprehensive reform in the sense that, in addition to curricular reform and the promotion of social participation, it comprised the overall redesign of the organisation and management of the education system. Our analysis aims to show the dislocation suffered by the national education policy due to the lack of coordination between the actions of different levels of government. We do not intend to argue against federalism as a system of political organisation, but to draw attention to the concrete experience of educational decentralisation in Mexico, and how the advantages of decentralisation can be undermined by shortcomings in its design and implementation. ; Rad nudi pregled razvoja političke decentralizacije u Meksiku u trajanju nešto više od dva desetljeća, u okviru tzv. »obrazovnog federalizma«. Sporazum o modernizaciji osnovnog obrazovanja iz 1992 ključni je trenutak u povijesti meksičkog obrazovnog sustava jer predstavlja prvi pokušaj sveobuhvatne reforme. Osim kurikularne reforme i poticanja društvene participacije sporazum također podrazumijeva potpuno preoblikovanje ustroja obrazovnog sustava i načina upravljanja njime. U radu se nastoji prikazati raskorak u nacionalnoj obrazovnoj politici do kojega dolazi zbog nedostatka koordinacije između poteza različitih razina vlasti. Ne namjerava se osporavati federalizam kao politički sustav, već se želi opisati specifično iskustvo s obrazovnom decentralizacijom u Meksiku, i pojasniti kako prednosti decentralizacije mogu umanjiti nedostatci u oblikovanju i implementaciji.