Suchergebnisse
Filter
11 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
SSRN
The Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in Institutions: Results From a Representative Population-Based Sample in Germany
In: Sexual abuse: official journal of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA), Band 31, Heft 6, S. 643-661
ISSN: 1573-286X
The lifetime prevalence of sexual abuse in institutional settings in Germany was examined in a sample representative of the general adult population ( N = 2,437). Participants completed a survey on whether they had ever experienced such abuse, its nature (contact, noncontact, forced sexual, intercourse), the type of institution (e.g. school, club), and the relationship of perpetrator to victim (peer, caregiver, staff member). Overall, 3.1% of adult respondents (women: 4.8%, men: 0.8%) reported having experienced some type of sexual abuse in institutions. Adult women reported higher rates of all types than did men, with rates of 3.9% versus 0.8% for contact sexual abuse, 1.2% versus 0.3% for noncontact sexual abuse, and 1.7% versus 0.2% for forced sexual intercourse. We conclude that a remarkable proportion of the general population experiences sexual abuse in institutions, underscoring the need for development of protective strategies. Especially, schools seem to represent good starting points for primary prevention strategies.
The impact of maltreatment characteristics and revicitimization on functioning trajectories in children and adolescents: A growth mixture model analysis
In: Child abuse & neglect: the international journal ; official journal of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Band 90, S. 32-42
ISSN: 1873-7757
Experience by children and adolescents of more than one type of maltreatment: Association of different classes of maltreatment profiles with clinical outcome variables
In: Child abuse & neglect: the international journal ; official journal of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Band 57, S. 1-11
ISSN: 1873-7757
Authoritarianism and the transgenerational transmission of corporal punishment
In: Child abuse & neglect: the international journal ; official journal of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Band 106, S. 104537
ISSN: 1873-7757
Is the end in the beginning? Child maltreatment increases the risk of non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts through impaired personality functioning
In: Child abuse & neglect: the international journal ; official journal of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Band 133, S. 105870
ISSN: 1873-7757
European Journal of Psychotraumatology / Virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a meta-analysis
Contrary to specific phobias, for which Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) constitutes an effective treatment, uncertainty still exists regarding the usefulness of VRET for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, this meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of VRET for PTSD as compared to waitlist and active comparators. A literature search yielded nine controlled studies encompassing 296 participants (124 VRET, 172 controls). The differences between conditions regarding the primary outcome of PTSD symptom severity and the secondary outcome of depressive and anxiety symptoms post-treatment were calculated using Hedges' g. Compared to waitlist controls, VRET showed a significantly better outcome for PTSD symptoms (g = 0.62, p = .017) and depressive symptoms (g = 0.50, p = .008). There was no significant difference between VRET and active comparators regarding PTSD symptoms (g = 0.25, p = .356) and depressive symptoms (g = 0.24, p = .340) post-treatment. No significant effects emerged for anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that VRET may be as effective as active comparators for PTSD patients. However, the results must be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of trials and the substantial number of – predominantly male – military service members studied. Additional controlled trials, considering a wider range of trauma types and balanced gender, are required to strengthen the evidence.
BASE
ECQAT - Entwicklung eines E-Learning-Curriculums zur ergänzenden Qualifikation in Traumapädagogik, Traumatherapie und Entwicklung von Schutzkonzepten und Analyse von Gefährdungsrisiken in Institutionen: Abschlussbericht zum Projekt : Berichtszeitraum: 01.10.2014 - 31.12.2017
World Affairs Online
Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic:an interrupted time-series analysis of preliminary data from 21 countries
In: Pirkis , J , John , A , Shin , S , DelPozo-Banos , M , Arya , V , Analuisa-Aguilar , P , Appleby , L , Arensman , E , Bantjes , J , Baran , A , Bertolote , J M , Borges , G , Brečić , P , Caine , E , Castelpietra , G , Chang , S-S , Colchester , D , Crompton , D , Curkovic , M , Deisenhammer , E A , Du , C , Dwyer , J , Erlangsen , A , Faust , J S , Fortune , S , Garrett , A , George , D , Gerstner , R , Gilissen , R , Gould , M , Hawton , K , Kanter , J , Kapur , N , Khan , M , Kirtley , O J , Knipe , D , Kolves , K , Leske , S , Marahatta , K , Mittendorfer-Rutz , E , Neznanov , N , Niederkrotenthaler , T , Nielsen , E , Nordentoft , M , Oberlerchner , H , O'Connor , R C , Pearson , M , Phillips , M R , Platt , S , Plener , P L , Psota , G , Qin , P , Radeloff , D , Rados , C , Reif , A , Reif-Leonhard , C , Rozanov , V , Schlang , C , Schneider , B , Semenova , N , Sinyor , M , Townsend , E , Ueda , M , Vijayakumar , L , Webb , R T , Weerasinghe , M , Zalsman , G , Gunnell , D & Spittal , M J 2021 , ' Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic : an interrupted time-series analysis of preliminary data from 21 countries ' , Lancet Psychiatry , vol. 8 , no. 7 , pp. 579-588 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00091-2
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound mental health consequences for many people. Concerns have been expressed that, at their most extreme, these consequences could manifest as increased suicide rates. We aimed to assess the early effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates around the world. Methods We sourced real-time suicide data from countries or areas within countries through a systematic internet search and recourse to our networks and the published literature. Between Sept 1 and Nov 1, 2020, we searched the official websites of these countries' ministries of health, police agencies, and government-run statistics agencies or equivalents, using the translated search terms "suicide" and "cause of death", before broadening the search in an attempt to identify data through other public sources. Data were included from a given country or area if they came from an official government source and were available at a monthly level from at least Jan 1, 2019, to July 31, 2020. Our internet searches were restricted to countries with more than 3 million residents for pragmatic reasons, but we relaxed this rule for countries identified through the literature and our networks. Areas within countries could also be included with populations of less than 3 million. We used an interrupted time-series analysis to model the trend in monthly suicides before COVID-19 (from at least Jan 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020) in each country or area within a country, comparing the expected number of suicides derived from the model with the observed number of suicides in the early months of the pandemic (from April 1 to July 31, 2020, in the primary analysis). Findings We sourced data from 21 countries (16 high-income and five upper-middle-income countries), including whole-country data in ten countries and data for various areas in 11 countries). Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs based on the observed versus expected numbers of suicides showed no evidence of a significant increase in risk of suicide since the pandemic began in ...
BASE
Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: interrupted time series analysis of preliminary data from 21 countries
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound mental health consequences for many people. Concerns have been expressed that, at their most extreme, these consequences could manifest as increased suicide rates. We aimed to assess the early effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates around the world. Methods: We sourced real-time suicide data from countries or areas within countries through a systematic internet search and recourse to our networks and the published literature. Between Sept 1 and Nov 1, 2020, we searched the official websites of these countries' ministries of health, police agencies, and government-run statistics agencies or equivalents, using the translated search terms "suicide" and "cause of death", before broadening the search in an attempt to identify data through other public sources. Data were included from a given country or area if they came from an official government source and were available at a monthly level from at least Jan 1, 2019, to July 31, 2020. Our internet searches were restricted to countries with more than 3 million residents for pragmatic reasons, but we relaxed this rule for countries identified through the literature and our networks. Areas within countries could also be included with populations of less than 3 million. We used an interrupted time-series analysis to model the trend in monthly suicides before COVID-19 (from at least Jan 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020) in each country or area within a country, comparing the expected number of suicides derived from the model with the observed number of suicides in the early months of the pandemic (from April 1 to July 31, 2020, in the primary analysis). Findings: We sourced data from 21 countries (16 high-income and five upper-middle-income countries), including whole-country data in ten countries and data for various areas in 11 countries). Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs based on the observed versus expected numbers of suicides showed no evidence of a significant increase in risk of suicide since the pandemic began in any country or area. There was statistical evidence of a decrease in suicide compared with the expected number in 12 countries or areas: New South Wales, Australia (RR 0·81 [95% CI 0·72–0·91]); Alberta, Canada (0·80 [0·68–0·93]); British Columbia, Canada (0·76 [0·66–0·87]); Chile (0·85 [0·78–0·94]); Leipzig, Germany (0·49 [0·32–0·74]); Japan (0·94 [0·91–0·96]); New Zealand (0·79 [0·68–0·91]); South Korea (0·94 [0·92–0·97]); California, USA (0·90 [0·85–0·95]); Illinois (Cook County), USA (0·79 [0·67–0·93]); Texas (four counties), USA (0·82 [0·68–0·98]); and Ecuador (0·74 [0·67–0·82]). Interpretation: This is the first study to examine suicides occurring in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in multiple countries. In high-income and upper-middle-income countries, suicide numbers have remained largely unchanged or declined in the early months of the pandemic compared with the expected levels based on the pre-pandemic period. We need to remain vigilant and be poised to respond if the situation changes as the longer-term mental health and economic effects of the pandemic unfold.
BASE