Suchergebnisse

The basic document for regulation of the settlement urban development is the Master Plan [1]. The legislative and regulatory framework for regulating the composition, content, approval and approval of this document is very extensive and is based on a broad basis of scientific research and practical experience of domestic and foreign specialists in this field. The larger the city, the more difficult it is to predict its continued existence. In this article the results of the analysis of historical-geographical, socio-demographic and legislative-normative aspects influencing the regulation of the city development issues (on the example of the historical and current master plans of the city of Kyiv) are covered. Also are outlined the peculiarities of the formation of the spatial organization of the city territory as a part of the master plans of Kyiv at different historical stages – prior the planning, the period of joining the Russian Empire, the Soviet and the present period. The evolution of models of spatial organization of the city territory is characterized. The master plans development periodicity is analyzed as well as a conclusion is made about the fallibility of the statutory requirement regarding the indefinite validity of the master plan of the settlement as a basic urban planning document. Population size (both actual and predicted) acts as a key indicator of settlement development. The article analyzes the dynamics of the population of Kyiv, identifies patterns of influence of positive and negative factors on this indicator, establishes faults between the actual and predicted population of Kyiv. The conclusion is made about the extreme complexity of forecasting the prospects for the development of urban systems. The reasons (accuracy of demographic forecasts, counter intuitiveness of development of complex urban planning system, imperfection of legislative and regulatory base) of impossibility of full realization of master plans of settlements, in particular, of the city of Kyiv are considered. The recommendations on improvement of the legislative and normative base for development of settlements master plans are given. In particular, the return of the fixed term of the Master Plan, that does not exceed 20 years. The author's vision of promising directions of development and transformation of the spatial organization of the territory at the present evolutionary stage of its existence of the city of Kyiv is formulated. Namely – a cardinal complex reconstruction of the city.

The basic document for regulation of the settlement urban development is the Master Plan [1]. The legislative and regulatory framework for regulating the composition, content, approval and approval of this document is very extensive and is based on a broad basis of scientific research and practical experience of domestic and foreign specialists in this field. The larger the city, the more difficult it is to predict its continued existence. In this article the results of the analysis of historical-geographical, socio-demographic and legislative-normative aspects influencing the regulation of the city development issues (on the example of the historical and current master plans of the city of Kyiv) are covered. Also are outlined the peculiarities of the formation of the spatial organization of the city territory as a part of the master plans of Kyiv at different historical stages – prior the planning, the period of joining the Russian Empire, the Soviet and the present period. The evolution of models of spatial organization of the city territory is characterized. The master plans development periodicity is analyzed as well as a conclusion is made about the fallibility of the statutory requirement regarding the indefinite validity of the master plan of the settlement as a basic urban planning document. Population size (both actual and predicted) acts as a key indicator of settlement development. The article analyzes the dynamics of the population of Kyiv, identifies patterns of influence of positive and negative factors on this indicator, establishes faults between the actual and predicted population of Kyiv. The conclusion is made about the extreme complexity of forecasting the prospects for the development of urban systems. The reasons (accuracy of demographic forecasts, counter intuitiveness of development of complex urban planning system, imperfection of legislative and regulatory base) of impossibility of full realization of master plans of settlements, in particular, of the city of Kyiv are considered. The recommendations on improvement of the legislative and normative base for development of settlements master plans are given. In particular, the return of the fixed term of the Master Plan, that does not exceed 20 years. The author's vision of promising directions of development and transformation of the spatial organization of the territory at the present evolutionary stage of its existence of the city of Kyiv is formulated. Namely – a cardinal complex reconstruction of the city.

The basic document for regulation of the settlement urban development is the Master Plan [1]. The legislative and regulatory framework for regulating the composition, content, approval and approval of this document is very extensive and is based on a broad basis of scientific research and practical experience of domestic and foreign specialists in this field. The larger the city, the more difficult it is to predict its continued existence. In this article the results of the analysis of historical-geographical, socio-demographic and legislative-normative aspects influencing the regulation of the city development issues (on the example of the historical and current master plans of the city of Kyiv) are covered. Also are outlined the peculiarities of the formation of the spatial organization of the city territory as a part of the master plans of Kyiv at different historical stages – prior the planning, the period of joining the Russian Empire, the Soviet and the present period. The evolution of models of spatial organization of the city territory is characterized. The master plans development periodicity is analyzed as well as a conclusion is made about the fallibility of the statutory requirement regarding the indefinite validity of the master plan of the settlement as a basic urban planning document. Population size (both actual and predicted) acts as a key indicator of settlement development. The article analyzes the dynamics of the population of Kyiv, identifies patterns of influence of positive and negative factors on this indicator, establishes faults between the actual and predicted population of Kyiv. The conclusion is made about the extreme complexity of forecasting the prospects for the development of urban systems. The reasons (accuracy of demographic forecasts, counter intuitiveness of development of complex urban planning system, imperfection of legislative and regulatory base) of impossibility of full realization of master plans of settlements, in particular, of the city of Kyiv are considered. The recommendations on improvement of the legislative and normative base for development of settlements master plans are given. In particular, the return of the fixed term of the Master Plan, that does not exceed 20 years. The author's vision of promising directions of development and transformation of the spatial organization of the territory at the present evolutionary stage of its existence of the city of Kyiv is formulated. Namely – a cardinal complex reconstruction of the city.

The complex reconstruction of the obsolete housing stock is an actual problem for many countries. Now this task is an urgent challenge for Ukraine. There is a large number of buildings which condition requires urgent major repair or demolishing in Ukraine. In order to renew the housing stock at the state level a program for the complex reconstruction of the housing stock is planned. The success of the implementation of housing stock renovation program depends on many conditions. One of the most important barriers is the shortcomings of the legislative framework. The absence and ambiguity of legal provisions governing the implementation of the complex reconstruction make the process of housing rehabilitation difficult and extremely slow. The experience of Ukraine demonstrates that one of the issues within the implementation of the complex reconstruction program of the housing stock is the justification of criteria for the definition of objects to be reconstructed. he classification of obsolete housing stock objects presented in Ukraine (on the example of Kyiv) has been carried out in the article. In the study several prevailing types of buildings were distinguished: historical buildings, buildings of the Stalin's type («stalinki»), buildings of barrack type and buildings of the first period of industrial house building, the so-called «khrushchevki» The drawbacks of the existing approach to the definition of outdated housing stock are analyzed. Criteria for defining obsolete housing stock and parameters for their determination are proposed. The considerable volumes of the obsolete housing stock (about third of the total housing stock) and the lack of the necessary financing require a thorough analysis of the objects of comprehensive reconstruction, starting with a clear parameterization of the criteria for assigning existing housing stock to the obsolete one and determining rational methods of reconstruction depending on the types of obsolete housing stock. The justification of criteria and parameters for defining the obsolete housing stock allows to make a step forward to the definition of the most efficient types of reconstructive measures for appropriate types of buildings. ; Комплексна реконструкція застарілого житлового фонду є актуальною проблемою для багатьох країн світу. Наразі це завдання є надзвичайно актуальним сучасним викликом для України, адже в Україні існує велика кількість будівель, стан яких вимагає термінового капітального ремонту або, навіть, знесення. З метою оновлення житлового фонду на державному рівні планується розроблення програм комплексної реконструкції застарілого житлового фонду. Успіх реалізації реконструкції житлового фонду залежить від багатьох умов. Однією з найважливіших перешкод є недосконалість законодавчої бази з цього питання. Відсутність та неоднозначність законодавчих норм, що регулюють визначення об'єкту та здійснення комплексної реконструкції, ускладнює та вкрай вповільнюють процес реалізації реконструкції застарілого житлового фонду. Одним із завдань підготовки програм і проектів комплексної реконструкції житлового фонду є обґрунтування критеріїв визначення об'єктів, що відносяться до того чи іншого типу застарілого житлового фонду. У статті проведено класифікацію застарілих житлових будинків, представлених в Україні (на прикладі міста Києва). У дослідженні було виділено кілька переважаючих типів будівель, а саме: будівлі історичного типу, будівлі сталінського періоду будівництва (так звані «сталінки»), будівлі барачного типу та будівлі першого періоду промислового домобудування, так звані «хрущовки» Проаналізовано недоліки існуючого підходу до визначення застарілого житлового фонду. Запропоновано критерії віднесення житлового фонду до застарілого та параметри їх визначення. Значні обсяги застарілого житлового фонду (близько третини загального житлового фонду) та відсутність необхідного фінансування вимагають коригування чинної законодавчої бази з цього питання з метою ретельного аналізу потенційних об'єктів комплексної реконструкції, та визначення раціональних методів реконструкції заходів залежно від встановлених типів застарілого житлового фонду. Обґрунтування критеріїв та параметрів для визначення застарілого житлового фонду дозволяє зробити крок вперед до успішної реалізації програм комплексної реконструкції застарілого житлового фонду.