Suchergebnisse

Les récentes disputes qui ont animé la communauté des économistes français depuis les années 2010 ont progressivement polarisé la discipline. Le présent article a pour ambition d'objectiver les différents univers de croyances épistémologiques, à partir d'un questionnaire adressé aux membres de deux associations académiques. La classification statistique opérée a permis de qualifier les postures de quatre groupes d'économistes. Ces résultats permettent de discuter les caractéristiques des différents groupes (articulation théorie-empirie), ainsi que les termes identitaires de la recomposition du paysage académique : hétérogénéité de l'économie standard et rapports différenciés entre les différents groupes d'économistes. Classification JEL : A11, A14, B50, I20.

URL : http://www.erica.demon.co.uk/EV/papers/Plumecocq.pdf ; International audience ; This paper examines the hypothesis that all public policies are based, at least in part, on rhetorical strategies. By analysing public policies implemented in the context of sustainable development, this article emphasises the need for and the challenges of providing legitimate foundations for the rhetorical means used to encourage change; it is these foundations that determine a given policy's effectiveness. To do so, historical analyses are used, as well as socio-economic perspectives examined through textual analysis. The text concludes by showing the importance of a common framework for action based on shared values at the regional level for legitimising the political use of rhetoric to change behaviours and attitudes.

URL : http://www.erica.demon.co.uk/EV/papers/Plumecocq.pdf ; International audience ; This paper examines the hypothesis that all public policies are based, at least in part, on rhetorical strategies. By analysing public policies implemented in the context of sustainable development, this article emphasises the need for and the challenges of providing legitimate foundations for the rhetorical means used to encourage change; it is these foundations that determine a given policy's effectiveness. To do so, historical analyses are used, as well as socio-economic perspectives examined through textual analysis. The text concludes by showing the importance of a common framework for action based on shared values at the regional level for legitimising the political use of rhetoric to change behaviours and attitudes.

National audience ; This paper deals with the ways in which public policies, in particular those aiming at promoting sustainable development, lean on rhetorical modalities. Raising the case of the policies implemented in the Nord-Pas de Calais, it emphasizes that the legitimacy of the rhetorical modality of public policies should be considered, since its efficiency depends on a wide social acceptability. In this regard, pluridisciplinary method has been used. Results enable delimiting a policy of sustainable development that is acceptable and that actually leans on two complementary modalities: regulation/incentive, and rhetoric. ; Dans cet article, nous examinons l'hypothèse selon laquelle les politiques publiques, en particulier dans le domaine du développement durable, reposent sur des modalités rhétorique. En s'appuyant sur le cas des politiques locales mises en œuvre dans la région du Nord-Pas de Calais, cet article insiste sur la nécessité d'apporter des fondements légitimes à cette modalité rhétorique, fondements qui conditionnent son efficacité. Dans cette optique, nous nous appuyons sur une méthode pluridisciplinaire. Les résultats obtenus permettent de dessiner les contours d'une politique de développement durable acceptable qui s'appuie sur deux modalités complémentaires : régulation/incitation et rhétorique.

International audience ; This article addresses the institutional changes that local communities face when implementing sustainable development policies. Analyses suggest that because of the strength of the territorial institutions, most institutionalisation and innovation are incremental and create marginal organisational changes, in part icular, within local governments. However, some institutions are designed to improve the territorial consistency of public sustainability decisions.

International audience ; This article addresses the institutional changes that local communities face when implementing sustainable development policies. Analyses suggest that because of the strength of the territorial institutions, most institutionalisation and innovation are incremental and create marginal organisational changes, in part icular, within local governments. However, some institutions are designed to improve the territorial consistency of public sustainability decisions.

National audience ; This paper deals with the ways in which public policies, in particular those aiming at promoting sustainable development, lean on rhetorical modalities. Raising the case of the policies implemented in the Nord-Pas de Calais, it emphasizes that the legitimacy of the rhetorical modality of public policies should be considered, since its efficiency depends on a wide social acceptability. In this regard, pluridisciplinary method has been used. Results enable delimiting a policy of sustainable development that is acceptable and that actually leans on two complementary modalities: regulation/incentive, and rhetoric. ; Dans cet article, nous examinons l'hypothèse selon laquelle les politiques publiques, en particulier dans le domaine du développement durable, reposent sur des modalités rhétorique. En s'appuyant sur le cas des politiques locales mises en œuvre dans la région du Nord-Pas de Calais, cet article insiste sur la nécessité d'apporter des fondements légitimes à cette modalité rhétorique, fondements qui conditionnent son efficacité. Dans cette optique, nous nous appuyons sur une méthode pluridisciplinaire. Les résultats obtenus permettent de dessiner les contours d'une politique de développement durable acceptable qui s'appuie sur deux modalités complémentaires : régulation/incitation et rhétorique.

International audience ; This paper focuses on how the development of a particular region consistently requires actors to share a certain level of cognitive resources. In the case studied here - the Nord Pas-de-Calais region, this cognitive proximity is built via the local policies involving sustainable development. In order to comprehend the way local communities of the region activate this resource, we used textual data treatment analyzing about thirty interviews. The results suggest that this cognitive proximity relies on two fundamentals elements: on the one hand, valuing the patrimonial infrastructures of the territory; and on the other hand, rebuilding the territorial identity of the region. Then the local policies lean both on the values that underlie these elements and on rhetorical modalities, to impulse in-depth changes that would have been more difficult to implement from the usual political levers. ; Cet article étudie comment un développement régional cohérent nécessite la mobilisation de ressources cognitives partagées. Dans le cas étudié - la région Nord Pas-de-Calais, cette proximité cognitive se construit via les politiques locales, sur la base du référentiel de développement durable. Pour saisir la manière dont les collectivités de la région activent cette ressource, nous avons mobilisé les outils d'analyse textuelle sur une trentaine d'entretiens auprès des acteurs publics du développement durabe. Les résultats mis en évidence suggèrent que cette proximité cognitive repose sur deux éléments fondamentaux : d'une part la mise en valeur d'un patrimoine infrastructurel territorialisé, et d'autre part la reconstruction d'une identité territoriale. Les politiques locales prennent ainsi appui sur les valeurs qui sous-tendent ces éléments ainsi que sur des modalités rhétoriques, pour impulser en profondeur une dynamique de changement, plus malaisée à mettre en œuvre partir des outils politiques habituels.

International audience ; This paper focuses on how the development of a particular region consistently requires actors to share a certain level of cognitive resources. In the case studied here - the Nord Pas-de-Calais region, this cognitive proximity is built via the local policies involving sustainable development. In order to comprehend the way local communities of the region activate this resource, we used textual data treatment analyzing about thirty interviews. The results suggest that this cognitive proximity relies on two fundamentals elements: on the one hand, valuing the patrimonial infrastructures of the territory; and on the other hand, rebuilding the territorial identity of the region. Then the local policies lean both on the values that underlie these elements and on rhetorical modalities, to impulse in-depth changes that would have been more difficult to implement from the usual political levers. ; Cet article étudie comment un développement régional cohérent nécessite la mobilisation de ressources cognitives partagées. Dans le cas étudié - la région Nord Pas-de-Calais, cette proximité cognitive se construit via les politiques locales, sur la base du référentiel de développement durable. Pour saisir la manière dont les collectivités de la région activent cette ressource, nous avons mobilisé les outils d'analyse textuelle sur une trentaine d'entretiens auprès des acteurs publics du développement durabe. Les résultats mis en évidence suggèrent que cette proximité cognitive repose sur deux éléments fondamentaux : d'une part la mise en valeur d'un patrimoine infrastructurel territorialisé, et d'autre part la reconstruction d'une identité territoriale. Les politiques locales prennent ainsi appui sur les valeurs qui sous-tendent ces éléments ainsi que sur des modalités rhétoriques, pour impulser en profondeur une dynamique de changement, plus malaisée à mettre en œuvre partir des outils politiques habituels.

Intégrer l'environnement dans la science économique passe par une prise en compte d'un temps de la décision, de l'action, et de la politique, incertain et irréversible. Les outils, méthodes et théories de l'économie standard ne parviennent à intégrer l'environnement qu'au prix d'une neutralisation de ces effets du temps. La socio-économie écologique a un rapport au temps et à ses effets différents, ce qui donne un nouvel éclairage sur les problèmes de gestion de l'environnement. Même si cela soulève certains problèmes analytiques et épistémologiques, nous défendons l'explicitation de sa prise en compte en socio-économie écologique.

Les termes «transition" ou "transformation" apparaissent, ou plutôt réapparaissent, à la mode dans l'agenda scientifique et politique ces dernières années : transition énergétique, écologique, agroécologique, ville en transition. (.).

In the Aveyron watershed (South-Western France), where the agricultural economy mainly relies on irrigated productions (maize and fruits), engaging changes in quantitative water management is socially challenging. The watershed suffers from a structural misbalance between the water demand and the water offer, and recurring crises in the low-flow period lead to emergency restrictions of use. This situation tenses competing stakeholder positions and erodes the social-ecological system's resilience.Characterizing and valuing options for change can support decision-making. Nonetheless, the various expert assessments that flourished as answers to political incentives for a better management of watershed did not succeed in bringing out socially-accepted solutions. We hypothesize that expert judgments (alone) cannot frame problems that also arise from colliding values and interests. Hence we built a spatialized multi-actor multi-criteria assessment method in order to map out matches and mismatches between the people involved and between the stakes relevant to them.This method proceeds through various steps: 1) Problem structuring: relevant stakeholders are identified; criteria and scenarios are defined following a bottom-up approach; 2) Definition and evaluation of a set of indicators for each scenario, using mainly model simulations of water management; 3) Mapping out stakeholder judgments; 4) Collective deliberation over the sociallyrelevant option(s) for change. A specificity of the method lies in the way stakeholder judgments are elicited and represented (step 3). Indicators constitute arguments that stakeholders can combine to express their judgments. Stakeholders map out where one scenario is acceptable to them and where it is not (spatialized judgments). In addition, they can define places of special importance for each criterion (spatialized weights). Integrating those maps would help change the focus from "which scenario is the best" to "where does a scenario bring out conflicts and where is it consensual option". We expect such a transformation to favour social learning and the design of new technical and organizational solutions for watershed management.

For the last three decades, public agricultural policies in France and in Europe have progressively integrated environmental objectives through a wide range of instruments. Whereas a large body of research has examined the extent to which the greening of agricultural policies has shaped farmers' decisions and practices, few studies have considered how these normative policy orientations may trigger tensions within the agricultural bureaucratic apparatus, and notably among local farm advisors who play the role of interface bureaucrats. In this article, we have explored how farm advisors from different types of advisory structures develop multiple subjectivities and deal with the tensions that they face when navigating between policy goals, professional norms, and their personal beliefs and values. Drawing on plural qualitative methods, we focus on the implementation of two national public agroecological schemes in southwest France that support the emergence and facilitation of farmers' groups engaged towards agroecology. We find that organizational strategies shape the type of tensions advisors face and their ability to manage these. The type of policy instrument we considered also matters in the forms of creative bricolage that farm advisors develop: in the case of organizational instruments based on farmers' participation, maintaining relationships with farmers is critical to give meaning to their work. If such instruments enlarge the creative space of farm advisors, the schemes we examined also hold in-built limitations in empowering farm advisors as they fail to address the structural constraints that shape agroecological transitions.