Suchergebnisse

The objective of this study was to propose a method for evaluating the peripherality of rural settlement units based on the principles of spatial order and sustainable development. Detailed goals involved the determination of evaluation indicators, a scoring system and evaluation principles based on the results of a questionnaire survey. The proposed method was verified on the example of three survey sites.

Nasilone w ostatnim czasie procesy urbanizacyjne wraz ze zmianami strukturalnymi polskiego rolnictwa wywołują zmiany przestrzenne obszarów peryferyjnych. Zmiany układów przestrzennych są najczęściej dokonywane w wyniku przeprowadzania podziałów nieruchomości niezurbanizowanych. Podziały te na obszarach wiejskich prowadzone są zazwyczaj w ramach procedury uproszczonej, ale tylko dla terenów, dla których nie opracowano miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego i nie wydano decyzji o warunkach zabudowy. Procedura ta dopuszcza wydzielenie dowolnej działki gruntu, której powierzchnia nie jest mniejsza od 0.3000 ha i w przypadku, gdy działka ma dostęp do drogi publicznej, w myśl ustawy o gospodarce nieruchomościami. Celem opracowania było przedstawienie metody oceny poprawności przeprowadzenia podziału nieruchomości niezurbanizowanej jako części obszarów peryferyjnych w aspekcie ładu przestrzennego. Wskazano także praktyczne możliwości zastosowania opracowanej metody.

For revitalization programs to be effective, territorial governments have to introduce consolidated measures that support the planning, organization and implementation of revitalization measures to benefit local communities and economies, and to alleviate crisis situations in degraded areas. Such measures require unlimited access to data that accurately describe social, economic and environmental conditions. In view of the above, the main aim of this study was to propose a conceptual database model for the identification of degraded areas and areas proposed for planned revitalization under revitalization programs implemented in developed rural areas. The detailed objectives of the presented research were to describe the components of the proposed database and the sources of data for developing municipal revitalization programs. The diagram of the database model supporting the initial stages of revitalization was also presented. The research methodology involved analyses, inference and deduction. A questionnaire survey, conducted among geography, spatial planning, urban development and environmental experts, was used as a research tool in the study. The results of the questionnaire confirmed the validity of the components of the proposed database model.

For revitalization programs to be effective, territorial governments have to introduce consolidated measures that support the planning, organization and implementation of revitalization measures to benefit local communities and economies, and to alleviate crisis situations in degraded areas. Such measures require unlimited access to data that accurately describe social, economic and environmental conditions. In view of the above, the main aim of this study was to propose a conceptual database model for the identification of degraded areas and areas proposed for planned revitalization under revitalization programs implemented in developed rural areas. The detailed objectives of the presented research were to describe the components of the proposed database and the sources of data for developing municipal revitalization programs. The diagram of the database model supporting the initial stages of revitalization was also presented. The research methodology involved analyses, inference and deduction. A questionnaire survey, conducted among geography, spatial planning, urban development and environmental experts, was used as a research tool in the study. The results of the questionnaire confirmed the validity of the components of the proposed database model.

The focus on seeking alternative fuels for combustion engines has been on the environmental and political scene for many years. Simultaneously there is a more and more serious problem of non-degradable waste utilization. In the present work an attempt has been made to asses both of those aspects by proposing a tailor-made, 3-component mixture consisting of mineral diesel, crude rapeseed oil and waste tyre pyrolytic oil. It was proven that the addition of pyrolytic oil can improve some basic drawbacks of rapeseed oil / diesel mixtures like high density and viscosity or low cold filter plugging point. On the basis of maximum bio-component share and optimum physicochemical properties a best fuel sample (40% mineral diesel oil, 55% rapeseed oil and 5% pyrolytic oil fraction) had been selected for engine tests, performed on a light-duty multi-cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine with electronic, Common Rail (CR) injection system. The steady state tests were performed for two rotational speeds and two injection strategies (single and sequential fuel injection), for each of which a full load sweep was performed. The engine research included in-cylinder pressure analysis along with efficiency estimation and exhaust gas emission measurements. The research confirmed the assumption that the selected fuel mixture is suitable for modern CI engines. The specific fuel consumption was similar or lower for the tested fuel compared to standard diesel, except the cases were sequential injection was incorporated. Emissions remained on similar levels as for both fuels except Total HydroCarbons (THC) at sequential injection operation points, which correlated with lower fuel conversion efficiency.

The focus on seeking alternative fuels for combustion engines has been on the environmental and political scene for many years. Simultaneously there is a more and more serious problem of non-degradable waste utilization. In the present work an attempt has been made to asses both of those aspects by proposing a tailor-made, 3-component mixture consisting of mineral diesel, crude rapeseed oil and waste tyre pyrolytic oil. It was proven that the addition of pyrolytic oil can improve some basic drawbacks of rapeseed oil / diesel mixtures like high density and viscosity or low cold filter plugging point. On the basis of maximum bio-component share and optimum physicochemical properties a best fuel sample (40% mineral diesel oil, 55% rapeseed oil and 5% pyrolytic oil fraction) had been selected for engine tests, performed on a light-duty multi-cylinder Compression Ignition (CI) engine with electronic, Common Rail (CR) injection system. The steady state tests were performed for two rotational speeds and two injection strategies (single and sequential fuel injection), for each of which a full load sweep was performed. The engine research included in-cylinder pressure analysis along with efficiency estimation and exhaust gas emission measurements. The research confirmed the assumption that the selected fuel mixture is suitable for modern CI engines. The specific fuel consumption was similar or lower for the tested fuel compared to standard diesel, except the cases were sequential injection was incorporated. Emissions remained on similar levels as for both fuels except Total HydroCarbons (THC) at sequential injection operation points, which correlated with lower fuel conversion efficiency.